12种基础时态与被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语语法复习（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 语法专项 【专题】12种基础时态与被动语态 高中英语核心语法突破 考频分析 译林版语法复习中，12种基础时态与被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的25%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(34题)、书面表达（核心 考察，直接影响句子时态一致性与语态准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、语 态的动作承受关系判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构识别：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、 将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的构成形 式及标志性时间状语 ·时态语境应用：不同时态在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中的呼应，以及在叙述过去事件时多种时 态的综合运用 。被动语态转换：各时态被动语态的基本结构，主动句与被动句的转换规则，及被动语态在语境中的 恰当使用 知识点一：12种基础时态与被动语态 1.一般现在时 ·主动语态结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数 ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 ·例句：(I)She cleans the room every day.(主动)(2)The room is cleaned by her every day.(被动) 2.一般过去时 ·主动语态结构：主语+动词过去式 ·被动语态结构：主语+was/were+过去分词 ·例句：(I)He finished the work yesterday..(主动)(2)The work was finished by him yesterday.(被 动) 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 3.一般将来时 ·主动语态结构：主语+will/shall+-动词原形 。被动语态结构：主语+will/shall be+过去分词 ·例句：(I)They will hold a meeting tomorrow.(主动)(2)A meeting will be held by them tomorrow. (被动) 4.现在进行时 ●主动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词 ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are being+过去分词 。例句：(I)She is writing a letter now.(主动)(2)A letter is being written by her now.(被动) 5.过去进行时 ·主动语态结构：主语+was/were+现在分词 。被动语态结构：主语+was/were being+过去分词 。例句：(l)They were playing football at3p.m.yesterday.(主动)(2)Football was being played by them at3p.m.yesterday.(被动) 6.将来进行时 。主动语态结构：主语+will/shall be+现在分词 。被动语态结构：主语+will/shall be being+-过去分词（注：将来进行时被动语态较少使用，此处 仅作结构展示) 。例句：(I)I will be reading a book this time tomorrow.(主动) 7.现在完成时 ·主动语态结构：主语+have/has+过去分词 ●被动语态结构：主语+have/has been+过去分词 。例句：(I)He has finished the task.(主动)(2)The task has been finished by him..(被动) 8.过去完成时 。主动语态结构：主语+had+过去分词 ●被动语态结构：主语+had been+过去分词 ·例句：(I)They had left before I arrived.(主动)（②）The room had been cleaned before I came in.(被 动) 9.将来完成时 。主动语态结构：主语+will/shall have+过去分词 。被动语态结构：主语+will/shall have been+过去分词 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 ·例句：(I)She will have learned1000 words by the end of this month.(主动)(2)l000 words will have been learned by her by the end of this month.(被动) 10.一般过去将来时 。主动语态结构：主语+would+动词原形 ·被动语态结构：主语+would be+过去分词 ·例句：(I)He said he would come tomorrow.(主动)(2)He said the party would be held tomorrow. (被动) 11.现在完成进行时 。主动语态结构：主语+have/has been+-现在分词 。(注：现在完成进行时无被动语态) ●例句：(1)They have been working here for5 years.(主动) 12.过去完成进行时 。主动语态结构：主语+had been+现在分词 ·(注：过去完成进行时无被动语态) ·例句：(I)She had been studying English for2 hours when I called her.(主动) 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.过去将来时（从过去看将要发生的动作或计划) ·时间标志词：the next day(第二天，相对于过去某时间而言)、the following week(第二周)、would （过去习惯性动作或过去的意愿)、was/were going to(过去计划要做某事) 。主动语态结构：(I)主语+would+动词原形(2)主语+was/were going to+动词原形 ·例句： l.she said she would visit her grandparents the next week.(would+原形visit,从过去“说”的角 度看将来) 2.They were going to have a picnic last Sunday,but it rained.(were going to+原形have,过去计划 好的事) ·被动语态结构：(1)主语+would be+动词过去分词(2)主语+was/were going to be+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.A speech would be given by the teacher the next day.(would be+give的过去分词given) 2.The party was going to be held in the park,but it was canceled.(was going to be+hold的过去分词 held) 3 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 2.将来进行时（将来某个时刻正在发生的动作） 。时间标志词：at8p.m.tomorrow(明天晚上8点)、this time next month(下个月这个时候)、when+ 一般将来时句子（如When we arrive)) 。主动语态结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： 1.I will be studying in the library at 9 p.m.tomorrow.(will be studying) 2.They will be playing football this time next Sunday.(will be+playing) ·被动语态结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词(will be being体现“将来进行”，过去分词体 现“被动”) ·例句： 1.The project will be being discussed by the team at 3 p.m.tomorrow.(will be being discuss 分词discussed) 2.The song will be being sung by her this time next week.(will be being+sing的过去分词sung) 3.将来完成时（将来某时前已完成的动作） 。时间标志词：by+将来时间点（如by2027、by next Friday)、before+将来时间点（如before she graduates) ·主动语态结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.I will have finished the novel by the end of this month.(will have finished) 2.They will have left for Beijing before you arrive.(will have left) ·被动语态结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词 。例句： l.The work will have been completed by them by next Monday.(will have been+complete的过去分 词completed) 2.All the tickets will have been sold out before the concert starts.(will have been+sell的过去分词 sold) 4.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） 。时间标志词：since+时间点（如since2020)、for+时间段（如for3 hours)、recently(最近）、lately (近来) ·主动语态结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词（doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人 称用have) 4 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 。例句： 1.I have been learning English for6 years..(have been+learning,持续到现在仍在学) 2.He has been waiting for the bus since 7 o'clock.(has been waiting) ·被动语态结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（中学阶段较少考查，了解基本结构即 可) 。例句： l.The house has been being built for two years.(has been being+build的过去分词built) 5.过去完成进行时（过去某时前已持续进行的动作） ·时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by last year)、for+时间段+before+过去时句子（如for5 years before he moved) 。主动语态结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： 1.She had been working in the company for 10 years before she quit.(had been+working,“辞职” 是过去动作，“工作”在其前持续) 2.They had been playing basketball for an hour when it began to rain.(had been+playing) ·被动语态结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词（中学阶段极少考查，了解即可） 。例句： 1.The machine had been being repaired for 3 days before it worked again.(had been being repair 过去分词repaired) 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态 。基本结构（中考必背）： l.am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken all over the world. 2.否定式：am/is/are+not+过去分词→例句：The job isn't finished yet.. 3.疑问式：Am/Ms/Are+主语+过去分词→例句：Is this song sung by a famous singer? 2.一般过去时被动语态 。基本结构（中考必背）： 1.was/were+过去分词→例句：The bridge was built in2000, 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 2.否定式：was/were+not+过去分词→例句：The letter wasn't sent yesterday.. 3.疑问式：Was/Were+主语+过去分词一例句：Were the books returned to the library? 3.一般将来时被动语态 。基本结构（中考常考）： l.will be+过去分词一→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 2.be going to be+过去分词→例句：The meeting is going to be held in the hall.. 3.特殊用法：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This book must be returned on time. 4.现在完成时被动语态 。基本结构（中考易错： l.have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished already 2.否定式：have/has+not+been+过去分词→例句：The problem hasn't been solved yet.. 3.疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词→例句：Has the report been written by him? 考法精析 考法一：被动语态结构识别 核心：根据时态类型，判断被动语态的正确结构形式及动词变化 真题1（语法填空）： The project _(complete)by the end of last month,so we can start the next step now. 答案：had been completed 解析：由时间标志词“by the end of last month”(by叶过去时间)可知用过去完成时，被动语态结构 为“had been+-过去分词”，complete的过去分词为completed。 真题2（单项选择)： A new library_in our school now and it will be open next year. A is building B was built C is being built D will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知动作正在进行，被动语态结构为“am/is/are being+-过去分词”，主 语为单数，be动词用is,build的过去分词为built。. 考法二：主动被动转换与时态呼应 6 高中译林版 【语法复习】 12种基础时态与被动语态 核心：结合主从复合句时态呼应规则，进行主动语态与被动语态的转换 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher said that the meeting_(hold)the next day. 答案：would be held 解析：主句谓语动词'said,为一般过去时，根据时态呼应规则，从句应用相应过去时态；the next day”表示过去将来时间，且”meeting”与hold’为被动关系，故用过去将来时被动语态"would be held'。 真题2（单选题)： My parents told me that a new bridge_over the river the following year. A will be built B would build C would be built D will build 答案：C 解析：主句told为过去时，从句需用过去将来时；bridge”与build,是被动关系，过去将来时被 动语态结构为”would be+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built,故选C。 考法三：时态与被动语态的综合语境应用 核心：结合时间标志词和动作关系，判断时态与被动语态的组合使用，掌握不同时态被动结构的 变化（如be动词时态、完成时/进行时的被动结构） 真题1（单项选择）： The project_by the team by the end of next month.They are working hard now. A.will finish B.will be finished C.will have finished D.will have been finished 答案：D 解析：主语“the project'”是动作“finish”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“by the end of next month”(将来时间点)可知，用将来完成时被动语态，结构为“will have been+过去分词”， finish的过去分词为finished. 真题2（语法填空)： By 9 o'clock last night,the work_(complete)already.Everyone was tired but happy. 答案：had been completed 解析：主语“the work”是动作“complete”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“By9o'clock last night”(过去时间点)可知，用过去完成时被动语态，结构为“had been+过去分词”，complete 的过去分词为completed。 解题小妙招 7 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been'”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done: 主从复合要呼应，主句过去从过变： 短暂动词遇时段，转换延续是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The Olympic Gamesevery four years. A hold B are held C were held D will be held 2.By the time we get to the station,the trainalready. A leaves B left C has left D will have left 3.Anew hospitalin our city now and it is expected to open next year. A builds B is building C is being built D will be built 4.He told me that he to London the following week. A will go B would go C has gone D goes 5.This kind of cloth well and soft A sells;feels B is sold;is felt C sells;is felt D is sold;feels 6.The accident at 9 o'clock yesterday morning when people were on their way to work. A happens B happened C was happening D has happened 7.By the end of last term,weEnglish for six years. A have learned B had learned C learned D will learn 8.Imy homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening A do B did C was doing D have done 9.The teacher said that light_faster than sound. A travels b traveled C will travel d had traveled 10.If you don't hurry up,the tickets_out by the time we arrive. A will sell B will be sold C have sold D have been sold 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The room_(clean)by my sister every weekend. 8 高中译林版 【语法复习】12种基础时态与被动语态 2.They_(live)in this house since 2018. 3.When I got to the party,most guests-(leave)already. 4.A new bridge_(build)over the river by the end of next year. 5.The little girl_(read)a storybook when her father came in. 6.He said he(finish)the project the next day. 7.This book(translate)into ten languages so far. 8.Look at the dark clouds!It(rain)soon 9.The accident_(happen)because of careless driving yesterday. 10.Many trees_(plant)in the park every spring 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last year,I(visit)a small village in the mountains.The villagers told me that a new school(build) there the year before.When I arrived,workers_(still work)on the school.They said it_(complete)in three months The village head told me that education_(be)very important for the children.He said most parents_ (send)their children to nearby towns for school before the new school_(build)."Now,with the new school,our children_(study)closer to home,"he added. By the time I left the village,the main building of the school(finish).I was told that the first classes_ (start)in September 答案区 演练-：1B2.D3.C4.B5.A6.B7B8.C9.A10B 演练二：1.is cleaned2.have lived3.had left4.will have been built5.was reading 6.would finish 7.has been translated 8.is going to rain 9.happened 10.are planted 演练三：l.visited2.had been built3.were still working4.would be completed5.is 6.had sent 7.was built 8.will study 9.had been finished 10.would start 9