集体名词做主语的主谓一致-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】集体名词做主语的主谓一致 语法专项突破 考频分析 选修3外研版中，集体名词做主语的主谓一致是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要 分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（隐性考察，影响句子理解准 确性)。在语境分析类题目中，集体名词表示整体还是个体概念往往是主谓一致关系判断的关键。 考查内容 ·强调整体概念：表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式 ·强调个体成员：突出个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式 。固定用法记忆：部分集体名词（如people,police)通常作复数，谓语动词用复数形式 知识点一：集体名词做主语的主谓一致 1.强调整体概念（视为单数） 1.常见集体名词：family(家庭)、team(团队)、class(班级)、government(政府) 2.例句： l.The family is having dinner together..(强调家庭整体，谓语用单数) 2.Our team wins the game.(强调团队整体，谓语用单数) 2.强调个体成员（视为复数） 1.常见集体名词：family(家人)、team(队员)、class(全班同学)、crowd(人群) 2.例句： 1.The family are watching TV in different rooms..(强调家庭成员个体，谓语用复数) 2.The team are discussing their plans..(强调队员个体，谓语用复数) 3.固定视为复数的集体名词 1 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.常见集体名词：people(人们)、police(警察)、cattle(牛群) 2.例句： l.People are concerned about the environment..(people固定表复数概念，谓语用复数) 2.The police are searching for the thief..(police固定表复数概念，谓语用复数) 4.取决于语境含义的集体名词 1.常见集体名词：group(组)、committee(委员会)、audience(观众) 2.例句： 1.The group is made up of five students.(强调整体组成，谓语用单数) 2.The group are arguing about the problem.(强调成员间的动作，谓语用复数) 知识点二：集体名词做主语的主谓一致 1.强调整体概念（视为单数） 1.常见集体名词：family(家庭)、team(团队)、class(班级)、government(政府)、company(公司) 2.谓语动词形式：使用第三人称单数形式 3.例句： 1.The family is going on a trip next month.(强调整体，谓语用is) 2.Our class has won the competition.(强调整体，谓语用has won) 2.强调个体成员（视为复数） 1.常见集体名词：family(家人)、team(队员)、class(同学们)、crowd(人群)、audience(观众) 2.谓语动词形式：使用动词原形（主语为非三单意义） 3.例句： l.The family are watching TV in the living room.(强调个体成员，谓语用are watching) 2.The team are discussing their plan now.(强调队员个体，谓语用are discussing) 3.特殊集体名词（单复数同形） 1.常见集体名词：people(人们)、police(警察)、cattle(牛群) 2.谓语动词形式：始终视为复数，用动词原形 3.例句： 2 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.The police are searching for the missing child..(police视为复数，谓语用are searching) 2.Cattle are grazing in the field..(cattle视为复数，谓语用are grazing) 4.集体名词+of结构 1.结构特点：集体名词后接”o+名词”时，谓语动词与集体名词的数保持一致 2.例句： 1.A group of students is/are waiting outside.(group视为整体用is,强调个体用are) 2.The majority of the class supports/support the decision.(majority视为整体用supports,强调个体 用support) 知识点三：集体名词做主语的主谓一致 1.强调整体意义时（视为单数） 1.基础用法拓展（高频考点）： l.The team is playing well this season.(这支队伍本赛季表现很好。)→强调团队整体 2.The family was happy to move to a new house.(这家人很高兴搬到新家。)→强调家庭整体 3.The class has decided on a picnic date.(全班已确定野餐日期。)→强调班级集体决策 4.The group is preparing for the competition.(这个小组正在为比赛做准备。)→强调小组整体行 动 5.The company plans to expand next year.(这家公司计划明年扩张。)→强调公司整体规划 2.强调个体成员时（视为复数） 1.基础用法拓展（高频考点）： 1.The team are discussing their strategies.(队员们正在讨论他们的策略。)→强调队员个体 2.The family were all watching TV together.(家人们都在一起看电视。)→强调家庭成员个体 3.The class are raising their hands to answer.(学生们都举手回答。)→强调学生个体动作 4.The group have different opinions on the topic.(小组成员对这个话题有不同意见。)强调成员 个体观点 5.The staff were preparing for the meeting separately.（员工们各自为会议做准备。)→强调员工个 体行为 3.固定用法与特殊集体名词 1.常用单数的集体名词（无复数意义)： 3 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.The audience was quiet during the concert..(音乐会期间观众很安静。) 2.The government has announced a new policy.(政府宣布了一项新政策。) 2.常用复数的集体名词（强调个体）： 1.The police are searching for the missing child.(警察正在搜寻失踪儿童。) 2.The cattle are grazing in the field.(牛群在田里吃草。) 3.意义变化决定单复数： 1.The population of this city is over5 million.(这座城市的人口超过500万。)→整体人口 2.A quarter of the population are farmers.(四分之一的人口是农民。)→部分人口个体 考法精析 考法一：集体名词主谓一致判断 核心：根据集体名词在语境中强调整体还是个体，或其固定属性，确定谓语动词的单复数形式 真题1（语法填空）： The police(search)for the missing child all day.They haven't found him yet. 答案：are searching 解析：police是固定视为复数的集体名词，根据语境“一整天都在搜寻”，用现在进行时，be动词 用are,search的现在分词为searching。 真题2（完形填空）： Our class-going to have a picnic this weekend.Everyone is looking forward to it. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A 解析：class在此处强调班级整体计划，视为单数；由“this weekend”和“is looking forward”可知 用一般现在时，be动词用is。 考法二：集体名词与非谓语动词搭配的主谓一致 核心：结合集体名词的单复数用法，判断非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致关系 真题1（语法填空）： _(solve)the problem together_(require)the team's full cooperation. 答案：To solve requires 解析：第一空用动词不定式作主语，表具体动作：第二空”team'在此处强调整体协作，视为单数， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式requires。 真题2（单项选择)： The committee_(discuss)the proposal for hours,and their_(argue)(show)no sign of ending. A.is discussing;arguing;show B.are discussing;argument;shows C.are discussing;arguing;shows 4 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 D.is discussing;argument;show 答案：C 解析：第一空'committee”后接their'强调成员个体，用复数谓语are discussing:第二空位于形容词 性物主代词后需用动名词arguing作宾语：第三空their arguing'”视为整体概念，谓语用单数shows。 考法三：集体名词在复杂语境中的主谓一致综合判断 核心：结合整体/个体概念、特殊名词属性及句式结构，判断集体名词作主语时的谓语动词形式 真题1（单项选择）： The committee_different opinions on the new plan,so they-a final decision yet. A.has;haven't made B.have;hasn't made C.has;hasn't made D.have;haven't made 答案：D 解析：第一空committee强调成员间的意见分歧（个体概念），谓语用复数have;第二空主语they 为复数，结合yet可知用现在完成时否定式haven't made。 真题2（语法填空）： A group of students_(be)visiting the museum now.The group_(consist)of 20 boys and 15 girls. 答案：are consists 解析：第一空强调group中的学生个体正在参观，谓语用复数are;第二空强调group的整体组成结 构，谓语用第三人称单数consists。 解题小妙招 集体名词主谓一致妙招 集体名词看含义，整体单数个体复： 固定复数记心间，police people总用复； 指代个体看代词，their them出现用复数； 非谓作主视为单，动名不定式作主语： 主谓一致要牢记，单三复数随主语。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The police-new evidence about the case recently. A.has found B.have found C.is finding D.was finding 2.Our familydifferent opinions on where to spend the holiday. A.has B.is having C.are having D.have had 3.The committeedivided on the new policy,and each member-their own view. A.is;has B.are;has C.is;have D.are;have 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.Cattleallowed to graze in this field,but now the landprotected. A.are;is B.is;are C.are;are D.is;is 5.Physics_challenging,but I think its basic principleseasy to understand. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.are;are 6.Therea crowd and two police officers at the scene.The crowd_calm now. A.is;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is 7.the problem as a team_the best way to achieve success. A.Solving;is B.To solve;are C.Solving;are D.To solve;is 8.The classreading quietly when the teacher entered.Everyonefocused. A.was;was B.were;were C.was;were D.were;was 9.The government_a new law to protect the environment,and itinto effect next month. A.has passed,will come B.have passed;comes C.has passed;comes D.have passed;will come 10.My teamarguing about the plan for hours,and their no sign of agreement. A.is;shows B.are;show C.is;show D.are;shows 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The audience(clap)loudly for the performers.They clearly enjoyed the show. 2.A group of scientists-(work)on the project,and their research-(make)progress. 3.People_(concern)about climate change,so many _(take)action to reduce waste. 4.The family-(have)dinner when the phone rang.Each member-(stop)to listen. 5.The staff(be)informed of the meeting,but some(not attend)yet. 6.-(complete)the task on time-(require)everyone's effort.The team(be)ready to start. 7.The committee(discuss)the proposal for days,and their(debate)(seem)endless. 8.There_(be)a crowd and a reporter at the gate.The crowd(wait)for the celebrity. 9.Cattle(graze)in the field,but they(not allow)to enter the forest. 10.The team-(win)the championship last year,and now they(prepare)for the next competition 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The police_1(search)for the missing hiker in the mountain for three days.They2(not find)any clues yet,but their determination3-(not weaken).Local villagers_4(join)the search,and together they_5-(cover)a large area. 6 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 A rescue team6(consist)of 20 members arrived yesterday.The team_7(focus)on the northern slope,where the hiker-8(last see).-9(survive)in such cold weather_10_(be)difficult,so time is critical for the search. 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3B4.A5.A6.C7.A8.A9.A10.D 演练二： 1.are clapping 2.are working;is making 3.are concerned;are taking 4.were having;stopped 5.were;have not attended 6.To complete;requires,is 7.have been discussing;debate;seems 8.is;are waiting 9.are grazing;are not allowed 10.won;are preparing 演练三： 1.have been searching 2.haven't found 3.hasn't weakened 4.have joined 5.have covered 6.consisting 7.is focusing 8.was last seen 9.Surviving 10.is >