后接-ing或不定式的用法辨析-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法精析 【专题】后接-ing或不定式的用法辨析 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 选修3外研版中，后接-ig或不定式的用法辨析是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的固定搭配及语义辨析往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。动词固定搭配：只能接-ing作宾语的动词（如enjoy,practice,.avoid)、只能接不定式作宾语的动词 (如hope,decide,refuse)、接-ing或不定式意义不同的动词（如remember,forget,.stop)的辨析 。非谓语动词句法功能：-ig形式（作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）与不定式（作主语、宾语、表 语、定语、状语、宾语补足语)的句法功能差异及语境选择 。语境语义辨析：结合具体语境判断-g形式（表主动、进行）与不定式（表目的、将来、结果）在表 达含义上的区别，如感官动词后接-ig(表动作正在进行)与不带to的不定式（表动作全过程）的 语义差异 知识点一：后接-ing或不定式的用法辨析 1.后接-ing形式的动词（表示习惯性、抽象动作） l.常见动词：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免)、practice(练习)、mind(介意) 2.例句： ·She enjoys reading novels.(习惯性动作) 。He finished doing his homework at8p.m.(抽象动作) 2.后接不定式(tod0)的动词（表示具体、一次性动作或目的） l.常见动词：want(想要)、hope（希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、refuse(拒绝) 1 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.例句： ·They want to visit the Great Wall next week.(具体计划) 。She decided to study abroad.(一次性决定) 3.后接-ing或不定式意义不同的动词 1.remember doing sth.(记得做过某事)→I remember closing the door.(已关门) 2.remember to do sth.(记得要做某事)→Remember to close the door.(未关门) 3.stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事)→He stopped talking.(停止说话) 4.stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事)→He stopped to tall.(停下来说话) 4.后接ing或不定式意义相近的动词 1.begin/start doing/to do sth.(开始做某事)→It began raining/to rain. 2.like/love/hate doing/to do sth.(喜欢/讨厌做某事，doing表习惯，todo表具体)→She likes singing/to sing. 知识点二：后接-ing或不定式的动词用法辨析 1.只接-ing形式的动词（表示习惯性、抽象动作) l.常用动词及短语：enjoy(享受)practice(练习)、mind(介意)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免)、kep (保持)、suggest(建议)、consider(考虑)、give up(放弃)、be used to(习惯于) 2.结构：动词+doing 3.例句： ·She enjoys reading novels in her free time.(enjoy后接reading,表习惯性动作) ·They practice speaking English every morning.(practice后接speaking,表练习的内容) ●He avoids making mistakes in the exam.(avoid后接naking,表避免的行为) 2.只接不定式（(odo)的动词（表示具体、一次性动作或目的） 1.常用动词及短语：hope(希望)want(想要)decide(决定)、plan(计划)、refuse(拒绝)、promise (承诺)、afford(负担得起)、manage(设法)、wish(希望)、offer(主动提出) 2.结构：动词+tod0 3.例句： ●I hope to visit Beijing next summer.(hope后接to visit,表具体计划) 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·She decided to study abroad after graduation.(decide后接to study,表决定的具体动作) 。They promised to help us with the project..(promise后接to help,表承诺的行为) 3.接-ing或不定式意义不同的动词 1.forget ●forget doing sth.:忘记做过某事（动作已发生）→I forgot meeting her at the party last week. ·forget to do sth.:忘记去做某事（动作未发生）→Don't forget to lock the door when you leave. 2.remember ·remember doing sth.:记得做过某事（动作已发生）→He remembers seeing the movie before. ●remember to do sth.:记得去做某事（动作未发生）→Remember to call your mother tomorrow. 3.stop ·stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事→The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. ·stop to do sth.:停下来去做另一件事→He stopped to help the old man cross the road, 4.try 。try doing sth.:尝试做某事（试验一种方法）→Why not try taking a bus to work? ●try to do sth.:努力做某事（尽力达成目标）→She tried to finish the work on time. 4.接-ing或不定式意义基本相同的动词 1.常用动词：like(喜欢)、love(喜爱)、hate（讨厌)、stat(开始)、begin(开始) 2.结构：动词+doing/todo（意义无明显区别) 3.例句： She likes singing to sing English songs. They started working to work at eight o'clock. 知识点三：非谓语动词-ing与不定式的用法差异 1.表主动与被动含义不同 1.doing表主动/进行→例句：The girl sitting by the window is my sister. 2.to be done表被动→例句：The homework to be finished tonight is very difficult.. 2.时间关系差异 3 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.doing表与谓语动作同时/主动→例句：He stood there,waiting for the bus. 2.todo表将来/目的→例句：She saved money to buy a new bike.. 3.情感态度表达不同 l.doing表习惯性/一般性→例句：I like reading books in my free time. 2.todo表一次性/具体某次→例句：I like to read this novel tonight. 4.固定搭配中的强制选择 l.只能接doing:miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed taking the early bus this morning: 2.只能接todo:afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：We can't afford to buy a new car now 3.意义不同：stop doing(停止做)→Ie stopped smoking./stop to do(停下来去做)→Ie stopped to rest. 5.作结果状语的区别 1.doing表自然结果→例句：It rained heavily,causing the flood. 2.todo表意外/不好结果一例句：He hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday. 考法精析 考法一：后接-ing或不定式的动词辨析 核心：根据动词搭配习惯及语境含义，判断空格处应填-g形式还是不定式(todo) 真题1（语法填空）： She decided_(study)abroad next year to improve her English 答案：to study 解析：decide后接不定式(todo)表示“决定做某事”，为固定搭配；句中“next year”表具体计 划，符合不定式用法。 真题2（完形填空）： He enjoys_(play)basketball with his friends after school every day. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接-ing形式作宾语，为固定用法，意为“喜欢做某事”；句中“every day”表习惯性 动作，符合-ing形式表抽象、习惯性动作的用法。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与主动被动关系 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心：根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系，结合作状语的用法，选择正确的非谓语形式 真题1（语法填空）： _(see)from the hill,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：句子主语the city与see之间是被动关系，“城市被从山上看”，表被动关系的非谓语动词作 状语用-ed形式，see的过去分词为seen。 真题2（完形填空）： -(walk)along the street,I met an old friend of mine A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B 解析：句子主语I与wk之间是主动关系，“我沿着街道走”，表主动关系的非谓语动词作状语用 -ing形式，walk的-ing形式为walking。 考法三：非谓语动词-ing形式与不定式的综合辨析及被动语态应用 核心：结合语境判断动词后接-ig形式或不定式的用法差异，并能正确运用非谓语动词的被动语态 及时态变化 真题1（单项选择)： Remember-the door before leaving.The wind might blow it open. A.closing B.to close C.to be closed D.being closed 答案：B 解析：根据语境“离开前记得关门”，动作尚未发生，应用“remember to do sth.”表示“记得要做 某事”，此处无需被动，直接用不定式的主动形式to close。 真题2（语法填空）： She tried_(solve)the problem,but found it difficult.So she suggested(ask)the teacher for help 答案：to solve asking 解析：第一空“try to do sth.”表示“努力做某事”，故填to solve;第二空“suggest”后接-ing形式 作宾语，意为“建议做某事”，故填asking。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 后接非谓辨搭配，doing表惯todo具； 作状先判主被动，主动doing被动ed: 综合运用看搭配，还要兼顾成分时： 记得做过用doing,忘记要做用todo: 动作先后要分明，完成having加done; 5 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 表目的用不定式，定语被动用ed。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.She decideda part-time job during the summer vacation. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 2.The teacher encouraged us-English every day to improve our speaking skills. A.practice B.practicing C.to practice D.practiced 3.Remember-the lights before leaving the classroom,or you will be fined. A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 4.-carefully,the little girl found a wallet lying on the ground A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 5.The novel_by HanHan is very popular among teenagers. A.writing B.written C.to write D.writes 6.He stoppedwhen the teacher came into the classroom. A.talk B.talking C.to talk D.talked 7.-the early bus,she got up at 5 o'clock in the morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.Caught D.To catch 8.I regret_you that the meeting has been canceled due to the bad weather. A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.told 9.for three hours,they finally arrived at the mountain village A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.Having walked 10.The children are looking forward to_the new amusement park next weekend. A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit 演练二：填空试题 1.She hopes_(become)a doctor when she grows up. 2.I avoid(eat)junk food because it is bad for my health. 3.(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks like a big garden. 4.He forgot-(lock)the door yesterday,so his bike was stolen 5.The man _(stand)at the bus stop is my uncle. 6.They plan-(travel)to Japan during the Spring Festival. 6 高中选修3外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 7.(finish)his homework,he went to bed immediately. 8.The book(publish)last year has sold over one million copies. 9.She likes_(swim)in the river in summer,but today she wants-(go)shopping. 10.-(learn)English well,we need to practice speaking every day. 演练三：语法填空试题 Last Sunday,I decided(visit)the city museum with my friends.On the way,we saw a little girl_(cry) at the comner of the street.She told us she had lost her mother.We stopped_(help)her and tried(call) her mother's phone number,but no one answered._(not know)what to do,we decided to take her to the police station. At the police station,a policeman told us that the girl's mother had already reported her missing.-(wait) for about 30 minutes,the girl's mother arrived.She was so grateful that she kept_(thank)us.Although we missed the museum visit,we felt happy-(help)others. Later,I realized that-(help)people in need is more meaningful than-(visit)a museum.This experience taught me that small acts of kindness can make a big difference. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.C4B5.B6B7.D8.C9.D10B 1.to become 2.eating 3.Seen 4.to lock 5.standing 6.to travel 7.Having finished 8.published 9.swimming;to go 10.To learn 1.to visit 2.crying 3.to help 4.to call 5.Not knowing 6.Having waited 7.thanking 8.to have helped 9.helping 10.visiting 7