现在完成时-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 语法专版 【专题】现在完成时 核心语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版选修1中，现在完成时是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型： 单项选择2-3题、完形填空23题、语法填空2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性 与语境连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，现在完成时的时间标志词、延续性动词使用及与一般过去时 的辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构构成：肯定句（主语+have/has+过去分词）、否定句（主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词）、疑 问句(Have/Has+主语+过去分词)的正确形式 ·核心用法辨析：表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态（常与for/sice引导的时间状语连用）、过 去发生对现在造成影响或结果的动作（常不与具体时间状语连用）的语境判断 。时间状语搭配：常见标志词(already、yet、just、ever、never、recently、so far、in the past few years 等)的应用以及与一般过去时时间状语（如yesterday、last week等）的区分 知识点一：现在完成时的构成及用法 1.基本构成 l.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词(V-ed) 例句：I have finished my homework 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词(V.ed) 例句：She hasn't seen this movie yet.. 3.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(V-ed) 例句：Have they arrived at the station? 2.时间标志词 1 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 1.常用标志词：already(已经，用于肯定句)、yet(还，用于否定句和疑问句)、ever(曾经)、never (从不)、just(刚刚)、since（自从…以来)、for(持续…时间)、so far(到目前为止) 2.例句： 。We have lived here for five years.(for+时间段) ·He has studied English since2020.(since+时间点) 3.核心用法 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态 例句：She has worked in this company since2018.（从2018年开始在这家公司工作，现在仍在) 2.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例句：I have lost my key,.soI can't open the door..(过去丢钥匙的动作导致现在打不开门的结果) 知识点二：现在完成时的核心用法与被动结构 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响或动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间点 (如since2020)、so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)、in the past few years(在过去几年里) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 例句： We have visited the museum twice this month. She has just finished her report. 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 例句： The museum has been visited by us twice this month Her report has just been finished by her. 2.现在完成时的特殊用法 1.表示”去过某地”（已返回)：have/has been to+地点 例句：He has been to Beijing three times. 2.表示”在某地待了多久”（持续到现在）：have/has been in+地点+for/since短语 例句：They have been in Shanghai for five years. 2 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 3.短暂性动词与延续性动词转换(for/since短语要求) 常见转换：buy→have had:borrow→have kept;die→have been dead;leave→have been away 例句：He has had this bike for two years.(不能说He has bought this bike for two years) 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1.现在完成时强调”过去动作对现在的影响”，无具体过去时间 例句：I have lost my key.(钥匙现在还没找到，影响是”我进不了门) 2.一般过去时强调”过去某个时间发生的动作”，有具体时间标志 例句：I lost my key yesterday.(仅说明'昨天丢了钥匙”，不强调现在是否找到) 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 l.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词一例句：She has lived here for five years. 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词→例句：I haven't finished my homework yet. 3.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词→例句：Has he ever been to Beijing? 2.时间标志词（中考必背) l.for+时间段→例句：We have studied English for three years. 2.since+过去时间点/从句→例句：He has worked here since20l0. 3.already(肯定句)→例句：They have already arrived at the station 4.yet(否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you eaten breakfast yet?? 5.just(刚刚)→例句：I have just seen your brother in the park. 6.ever(曾经)→例句：las she ever visited the Great Wall?? 7.never(从未)→例句：He has never told lies to his parents. 3.核心用法（中考易错) 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态一例句：My grandparents have lived in this village all their lives. 2.表示过去发生对现在有影响的动作→例句：I have lost my keys.Ican't open the door now. 3.与时间段连用的动词需为延续性动词（否定句可用短暂性动词）一例句：He has had this book for two weeks..(不可用bought) 4.”It is the first time+现在完成时'表示首次经历→例句：It is the first time I have traveled by plane.. 3 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 考法精析 考法一：现在完成时被动语态转换 核心：根据主动句结构，正确转换为现在完成时的被动语态，注意主谓一致和过去分词形式 真题1（语法填空)： The old house _(build)since last year,and it will be finished next month. 答案：has been built 解析：由时间标志词”since last year”可知用现在完成时；主语'the old house'”与'build'是被动关系， 被动结构为has been+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。. 真题2（单选题）： Many new schoolsin our city in the past five years. A have built B have been built C built D were built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词'in the past five years”可知用现在完成时；主语”many new schools'”与'build'为 被动关系，被动结构为have been+过去分词'，故选B。 考法二：主动与被动语态转换及标志词应用 核心：结合时间标志词判断是否使用现在完成时，并正确转换主动语态与被动语态 真题1（语法填空)： The new library-(build)since last year,and it-(open)to the public already. 答案：has been built:has opened 解析：第一空'since last year'提示现在完成时，主语'library”与'build’为被动关系，用has been built';第二空”already”提示现在完成时，主语'it”与”open”为主动关系，用has opened'。 真题2（单选题)： A lot of trees in our school in the past five years. A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.have been planted 答案：D 解析：时间标志词'in the past five years”(相当于”for five years'”)提示现在完成时，主语”trees” 与'plant''为被动关系，用'have been planted''。 考法三：现在完成时的综合应用（主动/被动转换与动词延续性) 核心：结合时间标志词判断现在完成时的主动/被动结构，掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换规 则 真题1（单项选择）： My brother this bike for two years.Itin a shop near our home. A.has bought;was bought B.has had;was bought C.bought;has been bought 4 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 D.has had;has been bought 答案：B 解析：第一空根据for two years”可知需用延续性动词，buy转换为have had:第二空，买自行车”是 过去发生的动作，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为”was+过去分词”，buy的过去分词为bought。 真题2（语法填空)： The old house_(build)since 2010,and it_(not finish)yet.Local people_(visit)it many times to check the progress. 答案：has been built,hasn't been finished;have visited 解析：第一空'since2010”提示用现在完成时，主语house'”是动作承受者，用被动语态has been built';第二空yet”提示用现在完成时否定，被动结构hasm't been finished';第三空主语'people”是 动作执行者，主动语态have visited”。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，since/for/in the past五年常见； 主动结构记主谓，被动必带be和done: 现在完成被动时，have/has been是关键； 主语单数用has been,复数主语have been连； 最后加上过去分词done,标志语境结合判。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.My parentsin this city since they got married Alive B lived Chave lived D will live 2.The new bridgeby the workers in the past two years A built B has built Cwas built D has been built 3.-How longyou this book? —For three weeks A have;borrowed B have;kept 5 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 C did;borrow Dwill;keep 4.We_already the movie twice A have;see B will;see Chave;seen D did:see 5.Tom-to London three times,so he knows the city well Ahas gone B has been C went D goes 6.Many tall buildingsin our town since 2018 A were built B are built C have built Dhave been built 7.-you ever to the Great Wall? -Yes,I went there last year A Have:been B Did;go C Will;go D Are;going 8.I my keys.I can't find them anywhere Alost B have lost Cwill lose Dlose 9.Peter_in the factory for five years,but now he works in a school A worked B has worked Cworks D will work 10.The meetingfor 2 hours,and it will finish soon A lasts B lasted Chas lasted D will last 6 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 现在完成时全解 演练二：填空试题 1.Our teacher(teach)in this school since 2010 2.The project_(complete)already,so we can have a rest 3.They(not see)each other for many years 4.you ever(visit)the History Museum? 5.My brother(collect)stamps for ten years 6.The book(read)by many students so far 7.We_(live)here since we were children 8.She_just_(finish)her homework 9.The letter(send)to him a week ago,but he(not receive)it yet 10.How long-your father_(work)in that company? 演练三：语法填空试题 Nowadays,more and more people 1-(realize)the importance of environmental protection.Great changes 2-(take)place in our city in the past five years.Many new parks 3-(build),andmore trees4-(plant)along the streets.The river near our school 5_(become)much cleaner than before.People 6(start)to use public transportation instead of driving cars.Our school 7(organize)several environmental protection activities since last year.Students 8(learn)how to recycle waste and save energy.I 9(join)the environmental club for two years,and I 10-(make)many friends who share the same interest. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.D3B4.C5B6.D7.A8.B9.A10.C 1.has taught 2.has been completed 3.haven't seen 4.Have;visited 5.has collected 6.has been read 7.have lived 8.has;finished 9.was sent;hasn't received 10.has;worked 1.have realized 2.have taken 3.have been built 4.have been planted 5.has become 6.have started 7.has organized 8have learned 9.have been in/have been a member of 10.have made 7