介词短语做场景状语-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 语法专版 介词短语做场景状语 语法专项解析 考频分析 冀教版选修1中，介词短语做场景状语是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在 核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解上下文语境）。 在语境理解类题目中，介词短语对场景的准确描述和逻辑关系的构建往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类与搭配：时间介词(at/in/on等)、地点介词(in/on/under等)、方式介词(by/with/hrough 等)的辨析与固定搭配 ·句法功能识别：在句中作时间、地点、方式、原因等场景状语的位置特点及与主句的逻辑关系 。语境应用与转换：不同场景中介词短语的灵活选用，同义介词短语替换及汉译英时的准确表达 知识点一：介词短语作场景状语 1.定义及功能（表时间、地点、方式等场景信息) 1.核心作用：用于说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、条件等背景场景，修饰整个句子或谓语动词 2.结构特点：由”介词+名词/代词/动名词”构成，通常位于句首或句末（句首时常用逗号隔开） 3.例句： ·In the morning,we usually do morning exercises..(时间场景，位于句首) ·They are playing football on the playground..(地点场景，位于句末) 2.常见介词及场景类型 1.时间场景介词：t(具体时刻)、on(具体日期/星期)、in(年/月/季节/泛指上午下午/晚上)during (在..期间)、before(在.之前) ·例句：She gets up at6:00 every day.. 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 。例句：We will have a party on Christmas Eve. 2.地点场景介词：in(大地点)、on(表面接触)、at(小地点/具体位置)、nder(在.下方)、beside （在.旁边) ●例句：He was born in Beijing. ·例句：The book is on the desk. 3.方式场景介词：by(通过某种方式)、with(使用工具/伴随状态)、in(用某种语言/材料) ·例句：We go to school by bike. ●例句：He wrote the letter with a pen, 3.与其他状语的区别（以时间状语为例） 1.介词短语时间状语：I will call you in the afternoon..（强调时间段，由介词in引导) 2.副词时间状语：I will call you afternoon.(错误表达，afternoon为名词需加介词；正确副词形式：I called him yesterday.) 知识点二：介词短语做场景状语 1.时间场景状语（表示动作发生的时间） 1.常用介词及搭配： ·at+具体时刻（如at7:00a.m.) ·on+具体日期/星期（如on Monday、on June1st) ●in+年/月/季节/泛指上午/下午/晚上（如in2023、in winter、in the morning) ●for+时间段（如for two hours) ●since+时间点（如since2020) 2.例句： ●We will meet at the school gate at8o'clock tomorrow.(at8o'clock说明动作发生的具体时刻) ·They usually go for a walk in the park in the evening.(in the evening说明动作发生的时间段) 2.地点场景状语（表示动作发生的地点） 1.常用介词及搭配： ●in+大地点（如in China、in the classroom) ·on+表面（如on the table、on the street) ●at+小地点（如at the station、at home) 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 ·under+下方（如under the tree) ●beside+旁边（如beside the river) 2.例句： ·The children are playing games on the playground..(on the playground说明动作发生的具体地点) ●She found her lost key under the sofa this morning.(under the sofa说明动作发生的位置) 3.方式场景状语（表示动作发生的方式） 1.常用介词及搭配： ·by+交通工具/方式（如by bus、by reading) 。with+工具（如with a pen) ●in+语言/材料（如in English、in red) 2.例句： ·He goes to school by bike every day.(by bike说明出行方式) ·She wrote the letter with a black pen.(with a black pen说明使用的工具) 4.原因场景状语（表示动作发生的原因） 1.常用介词及搭配： 。for+目的/原因（如for help) ·because of+名词短语（如because of the rain) ·due to+名词短语（如due to illness) 2.例句： ·They stayed at home because of the heavy rain.(because of the heavy rain说明待在家的原因) 。He was late for class due to a traffic jam.(due to a traffic jam说明迟到的原因) 5.条件场景状语（表示动作发生的条件） 1.常用介词及搭配： ●in case of+名词短语（如in case of fire) ●under+条件（如under this condition) ●with+条件（如with your help) 2.例句： ·In case of emergency,.please call 110.(In case of emergency说明打电话的条件) 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】介词短语做场景状语 ·You can finish the task on time with our support.(with our support说明完成任务的条件) 6.伴随场景状语（表示动作发生时的伴随情况） 1.常用介词及搭配： ●with+名词/代词（如with a smile) ●without+名词/代词（如without permission) 2.例句： ●The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand.(with a book in her hand描述伴随动作) ·He left the room without saying a word..(without saying a word说明离开时的伴随状态) 知识点三：介词短语做场景状语 1.时间场景状语 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。in+时间段（在…期间)→例句：We usually have lunch in the afternoon. 。on+具体日期/星期（在…时）→例句：They will have a party on Sunday. 。at+具体时刻（在…点）→例句：She getsup at6:30 every morning 。during+活动/时间段（在…期间）→例句：We often read books during the break. ·before+时间点（在…之前）→例句：Please finish the work before Friday. ·after+时间点/动作（在…之后）→例句：He went home after school.. 。since+时间点（自从…以来）→例句：I have lived here since20l0. ●until+时间点（直到…为止）→例句：They waited until midnight. 2.地点场景状语 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。in+大地点（在…里）→例句：She was born in Beijing 。on+表面/路线（在…上）→例句：The book is on the desk 。at+小地点（在…处）一例句：They are waiting at the bus stop. ●under+物体（在…下方）→例句：There is a cat under the chair. ●above+物体（在…上方）→例句：A bird is flying above the house. ●beside+人/物（在…旁边)→例句：He sat beside his mother 。between+两者（在…之间）→例句：The park is between the bank and the hospital.. 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 。behind+物体（在…后面)→例句：There is a garden behind the house. 3.方式/伴随场景状语 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·by+交通工具/方式（通过…)→例句：We go to school by bike. 。with+工具/伴随物（用…；带着…）一例句：He writes with a pen. ·in+语言/材料（用…语言/材料）→例句：Please say it in English. 。like+名词（像.一样）→例句：He runs like a rabbit. 。without+名词（没有…）→例句：She went out without a bag ·along+路线（沿着…）一→例句：They walked along the river 。through+空间（穿过…）→例句：The light goes through the window. ●across+平面（横过…）→例句：He swims across the river. 考法精析 考法一：介词短语作场景状语辨析 核心：根据句子语境判断介词短语是否用作场景状语，区分其与后置定语或副词的功能差异 真题1（语法填空)： -the morning,we usually do morning exercises 答案：In 解析：此处需要表示时间场景的介词，”in the morning'”为固定搭配，位于句首作时间场景状语。 真题2（完形填空）： They are playing footballthe playground. A.in B.on C.at D.by 答案：B 解析：表示'在操场上”需用介词on,构成地点场景状语修饰谓语动词'playing”。 考法二：介词短语功能辨析 核心：判断介词短语在句中是作场景状语还是后置定语，结合语境选择正确介词或分析句子成分 真题1（语法填空)： The boy_a red hat is my brother.He often reads books_the library. 答案：in;in 解析：第一空'in a red hat'”修饰名词boy,作后置定语，表穿着特征：第二空'in the library”说明动 作reads发生的地点，作场景状语。 真题2（完形填空)： We met a girllong hair the park yesterday. 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 A.has;at B.with:in C.of:on D.for:under 答案：B 解析：第一空”with long hair”修饰名词girl,表伴随特征，作后置定语：第二空”in the park”说明动 作met发生的地点，作场景状语，”in+大地点”符合语法规则。 考法三：情态动词与介词短语场景状语的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表推测/义务的用法，识别句中介词短语作时间、地点、方式等场景状语，判断 语境逻辑。 真题1（单项选择)： -Where is Mary?Shebe in the classroom because I saw her reading there ten minutes ago. A.must B.can C.may D.should 答案：A 解析：句中'because I saw her reading there ten minutes ago'”(介词短语作原因状语)表肯定依据，用 must表”一定的肯定推测。 真题2（语法填空)： You _(not park)your car here.There is a sign saying"No Parking"beside the road. 答案：mustn't park 解析：beside the road”(介词短语作地点状语)说明禁止停车的位置，用mustn't表”禁止”，后接 动词原形。 解题小妙招 核心：结合情态动词表推测/义务的用法，识别句中介词短语作时间、地点、方式等场景状语，判断 语境逻辑。 真题1（单项选择)： -Where is Mary?She be in the classroom because I saw her reading there ten minutes ago. A.must B.can C.may D.should 答案：A 解析：句中'because I saw her reading there ten minutes ago'”（介词短语作原因状语)表肯定依据，用 nust表”一定”的肯定推测。 真题2（语法填空）： You_(not park)your car here.There is a sign saying"No Parking"beside the road. 答案：mustr'tpak 解析：beside the road”(介词短语作地点状语)说明禁止停车的位置，用mustn't表”禁止”，后接 动词原形。 解题小妙招 6 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 介词短语妙招 介词短语功能辨，先看名词还是动： 名词之后修饰它，后置定语功能定： 动词之前或之后，场景状语来补充： 时间地点和方式，状语特征要分明。 情态动词推测妙招 情态推测看证据，肯定must否定can't: 可能推测用nay might,疑问can/could来帮忙： 过去推测加have done,证据强弱定词选； nustn't表禁止，needn't没必要，两者不可表推测。 综合应用妙招 先找名词看其后，后置定语介词勾： 再看动词前后状，时间地点用恰当： 情态推测看语境，肯定否定要分清： 定语状语先辨明，情态搭配自然成。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.We will have a picnicSunday if the weather is fine. A.in B.on C.at D.during 2.The man_a black jacket is our new teacher. A.in B.on C.with D.by 3.-Where is Mary? -She be in the lab.I saw her doing experiments there just now. A.must B.may C.can D.should 4.You_smoke in the cinema.It's against the rules. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.wouldn't 5.I have a friendlives in Canada. A.of B.with C.about D.who 6.They_have arrived by now.The flight was scheduled to land an hour ago. A.must B.may C.can D.should 7.The book the desk is mine. A.in B.on C.at D.under 7 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 介词短语做场景状语 8.We go to schoolbus every day. A.by B.with C.in D.on 9.Shehave passed the exam,but she didn't study hard. A.should B.could C.must D.need 10.Is this the pena silver cap you are looking for? A.with B.of C.in D.on 演练二：填空试题 1.They are playing basketballthe playground. 2.The girl long hair is my sister. 3.I will call you the afternoon. 4.You_have told me the truth earlier. 5.The book history is very interesting. 6.We_obey traffic rules. 7.He was born Beijing. 8.The roof the house is red. 9.Shespeak three languages. 10.We met a girla red hat in the park. 演练三：语法填空试题 It was a sunny day.(1)the morning,I decided to visit the library(2)my neighborhood.I wanted to find a book(3)space travel.When I arrived,I saw a boy_(4)a blue backpack reading quietly.He_(5) be a student because he was wearing a school uniform.I walked to the shelf_(6)the comner and looked for the book.After a few minutes,I found it.I sat down(7)a table and started reading.The book was so interesting that I lost track of time.Suddenly,I realized it was already afternoon.I(8)have stayed there for three hours!I checked the time and decided to go home.On my way out,I met the boy again.He asked me if I had seen a pen(9)a silver cap.I told him I hadn't,but I promised to help him look.We searched for a while,but we couldn't find it.He said he(10)have lost it somewhere else.I said goodbye and went home. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.A4.B5D6.A7B8.A9B10.A 演练二：1.on2.with3.im4.should5.about6.must7.in8.of9.can10.with 演练三：1.In2.in3.about4.with5.nust6.in7.at8.must9.with10ust 8