基础时态及被动语态巩固-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】基础时态及被动语态巩固 语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版选修1中，基础时态及被动语态巩固是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿 试卷主要核心题型：单项选择(23题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性与语态合理性)。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间标志词识别、 被动语态的主谓一致及语境适用性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基础时态结构与辨析：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完 成时、过去完成时、过去将来时的构成形式、时间状语标志及语境辨析 ·被动语态转换与应用：各时态被动语态的基本结构（含情态动词被动式），主动语态与被动语态的 句式转换规则，不同语境下被动语态的恰当使用 ·时态语态综合运用：结合时间状语、上下文语境判断时态，在复杂句式（如从句、并列句）中正确 选择时态与语态，分析语境逻辑确定主动或被动表达 知识点一：基础时态及被动语态巩固 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 1.结构：主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时) 2.例句： ·She gets up at6:00 every morning.(经常性动作，主语第三人称单数，动词+s) ●The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 3.被动语态：主语+aun/is/are+过去分词 ●例句：English is spoken by many people. 2.一般过去时（表示过去发生的动作或状态） 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.结构：主语+动词过去式 2.例句： ●He went to Beijing last week.(过去时间状语last week,动词用过去式) They played basketball yesterday afternoon. 3.被动语态：主语+was/were+-过去分词 ●例句：The letter was written by my father. 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或状态） 1.结构：主语+wil+动词原形/主语+be going to+动词原形 2.例句： 。I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.(will+动词原形，表将来) ·She is going to study abroad next year..(be going to+动词原形，计划好的将来) 3.被动语态：主语+will be+过去分词/主语+be going to be+过去分词 ●例句：A new hospital will be built here 4.现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作） 1.结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 2.例句： 。They are playing football now.(now提示正在进行，be动词+现在分词) My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 3.被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词 ●例句：The problem is being discussed by the teachers. 5.现在完成时（表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或对现在造成的影响） 1.结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 2.例句： ·I have lived here for five years.(for+时间段，表持续到现在) ·She has finished her homework.(过去动作对现在的影响：作业已完成) 3.被动语态：主语+have/has+been+过去分词 ●例句：The work has been finished. 2 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在并仍在进行的动作) 1.时间标志词：since+时间点（如since2018)、for+时间段（如for4 hours)、all day(一整天）、 recently（最近) 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has been,复数/第一人称 用have been) ·例句： 1.I have been studying English for3 years.(第一人称，用have been+studying) 2.She has been working here since2020.(三单主语，用has been+working) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词(have/has been being体现“现在完成进行时”， 过去分词体现“被动”) 。例句： 1.English has been being studied by me for3 years.(主语不可数，用has been being+studied的 过去分词studied) 2.This project has been being worked on by her since2020.(主语单数，用has been being+worked 的过去分词worked:work是不及物动词，需加on) 2.将来进行时（将来某个时间正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词：at8p.m.tomorrow(明天晚上8点)、this time next week(下周这个时候)、when+一 般将来时句子（如When you arrive) 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词(doing) ·例句： 1.I will be watching TV at 8 p.m.tomorrow.(will be watching) 2.They will be playing football this time next Sunday.(will be playing) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词(will be being体现“将来进行时”，过去分词体现“被 动”) ·例句： 1.TV will be being watched by me at8p.m.tomorrow.(will be being+watch的过去分词watched) 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.Football will be being played by them this time next Sunday.(will be being+play的过去分词 played) 3.将来完成时（将来某个时间之前已完成的动作） 1.时间标志词：by+将来时间点（如by next month)、before+将来时间点（如before2027)、by the time+一般现在时句子（如by the time you come) 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.I will have finished the report by next Friday.(will have finished) 2.She will have graduated from college by 2028.(will have graduated) 3.被动语态： ·结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词(will have been体现“将来完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) 。例句： l.The report will have been finished by me by next Friday.(will have been+finished的过去分词 finished) 2.This course will have been completed by her by2028.(will have been+completed的过去分词 completed) 4.过去将来时（从过去看将来要发生的动作） 1.时间标志词：the next day(第二天，相对于过去某个时间)、the following week(第二周，相对于过 去某个时间)、said/told+宾语从句（如He said.) 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+would+动词原形/主语+was/were going to+动词原形（主语单数用was,复数用 were) 。例句： I.He said he would visit us the next day..(would+visit,主句said是过去时) 2.They were going to have a party the following week.(were going to+have,主语复数用were) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+would be+动词过去分词/主语+was/were going to be+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.We would be visited by him the next day,.he said.(would be+visit的过去分词visited) 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.A party was going to be had by them the following week.(were going to be+have的过去分词 had:主语单数用was) 5.情态动词的被动语态（含情态意义的被动动作) 1.常见情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要) 2.被动语态结构：情态动词+be+动词过去分词 3.例句： ●This book can be borrowed from the library.(can be+borrow的过去分词borrowed) ●The work must be finished today.(ust be+finish的过去分词finished) ·Your homework should be handed in on time.(should be+hand的过去分词handed) ●The room needs to be cleaned.(need to be+clean的过去分词cleaned) 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 1.结构：am/is/are+过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： 。主语是动作承受者一→例句：English is spoken by many people. ·不确定动作执行者→例句：This book is written for children. 。强调动作本身一例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 3.常见搭配（中考常考)： 。be made of(由…制成，能看出原材料)→例句：The table is made of wood. 。be used for(被用于…)一→例句：Knives are used for cutting things.. 。be covered with(被…覆盖)→例句：The ground is covered with snow in winter. 2.一般过去时的被动语态 1.结构：was/were+过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： ·过去发生的被动动作→例句：The letter was written yesterday 。主语是动作承受者（过去时）→例句：These books were bought last week, 。描述过去的状态或事件→例句：The bridge was built in2000. 3.常见搭配（中考易错)： 5 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 。be told to do(被告知做某事)→例句：He was told to wait here.. ●be given sth.(被给予某物)→例句：A prize was given to the best student.. 。be taken to..(被带到…)→例句：The children were taken to the park by their parents. 3.一般将来时的被动语态 1.结构：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： 。将要发生的被动动作→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 。计划中的被动事件→例句：The meeting is going to be held in the hall.. 。未来的状态描述→例句：More trees will be planted in the park. 3.特殊结构（中考拓展)： ●It is said that.(据说…)→例句：It is said that he will visit our school.. ·be going to be done(计划被…)→例句：The work is going to be finished soon. 。There will be+过去分词（某地将有…被…）→例句：There will be a new library built here. 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子，结合时态要求，转换为正确的被动语态形式 真题1（语法填空）： The workers built this bridge last year..(改为被动语态) This bridge_-by the workers last year. 答案：was built 解析：原句为一般过去时主动语态，被动语态结构为“主语+was/were+过去分词”；主语“this bridge”为单数，用was,build的过去分词为built。. 真题2（单项选择)： Many studentsEnglish in our school every day. A.is taught B.are taught C.teach D.teaches 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“every day”可知用一般现在时；主语“many students”与“teach”是被动关 系，被动语态结构为“主语+am/is/are+过去分词”；主语为复数，用are,teach的过去分词为taught。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 6 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：根据动作的时间特征及主被动关系，综合判断时态和语态的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： A new library_(build)in our school last year.It is now open to students. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时：“图书馆”与“建造”是被 动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数，故填was built。 真题2（单项选择)： Many houses_by the workers by next month A will build B will be built C are building D built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“by next month”可知动作发生在将来，用一般将来时：“房子”与“建造”是 被动关系，需用被动语态，一般将来时被动语态结构为will b+过去分词，故答案为B。 考法三：情态动词与虚拟语气在被动语态中的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表推测或必要性，以及虚拟语气的语境，判断被动语态的时态和结构（情态动 词+be+过去分词/虚拟语气中被动语态的特殊结构) 真题1（单项选择）： The work-by the end of this week,so we must hurry up. A.must finish B.must be finished C.must have finished D.must have been finished 答案：B 解析：根据“must hurry up”可知工作“必须被完成”，用情态动词must的被动语态，结构为“must be+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（语法填空)： If I(give)more time yesterday,I would have finished the task. 答案：had been given 解析：此处为虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况，从句用“if+主语+had done'”,主语“I”是“give” 的承受者，需用被动语态，故填had been given。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 7 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”: 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”: 将来被动“will be”,情态被动“情态+be done”; 虚拟过去被动“情态+have been done”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.Englishby millions of people around the world every day. A is spoken B are spoken C speaks D spoke 2.A new hospital-in our city next year. A will build B will be built C is building D built 3.The meeting-when I arrived yesterday afternoon. A was held B was being held C has been held D is held 4.My homeworkyet.I need to finish it tonight. A hasn't finished B wasn't finished C hasn't been finished D isn't finished 5.You_more careful.The mistake couldavoided. A should be have been B should be have been C should have been have been D should have been have 6.These books-to the library by the end of this month A must return B must be returned C must have returned D must have been returned 7.She_in the classroom at 8 p.m.last night,but I'm not sure. A might study B might be studying C might have studied D might have been studying 8.The problem_by the teacher now.You can ask him later. A is discussing B is being discussed C was discussed D has been discussed 9.If the rain-tomorrow,we would have to cancel the picnic. A will rain B rains C rained D had rained 10.Many trees-since last year to improve the environment. A have planted B have been planted C were planted D are planted 演练二：填空试题 1.This song(sing)by many young people every day. 2.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday. 3.A new park-(build)here next year. 8 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.The children(take care of)by their grandmother now. 5.The work _(finish)by the workers by last Friday. 6.You_(should tell)the truth earlier. 7.The book_(must retumn)to the library within two weeks. 8.When I arrived,the room(clean)already 9.The experiment(do)in the lab at this time yesterday. 10.If I_(know)the news,I would have told you. 演练三：语法填空试题 Last month,our school decided to build a new sports center.The project 1-(start)immediately because the students 2(need)a better place to exercise.By last week,the foundation ()3(complete),and workers 4(work)on the walls now.It is said that the center 5(open)to students by next semester. However,an accident happened yesterday.A worker 6(injure)when a heavy tool fell down.He 7 (send)to the hospital at once,and the doctor said he 8(be)all right in a few days.The police 9(invite) to investigate the cause,but so far no result 10_(announce). 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.B4.C5.A6B7D8.B9.C10.B 1.is sung 2.was written 3.will be built 4.are being taken care of 5.had been finished 6.should have been told 7.must be returned 8.had been cleaned 9.was being done 10.had known 演练三：l.was started2.needed3.had been completed4.are working5.will be opened6.was injured 7.was sent 8.would be 9.were invited 10.has been announced 解析说明（部分典型题) 演练一第5题：第一空表对过去动作的肯定推测，用“should have been told”(本应被告知)；第 二空“nistake被避免”用“could have been avoided'”,但选项中简化为“have been”,符合语法 结构要求。 演练二第9题：“at this time yesterday”提示过去进行时，“实验被做”用被动语态，故填“was being done”。 演练三第5题：“by next semester”表将来时间，“center被开放”用一般将来时被动语态“will be opened”。 9