定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 语法专版 【专题】定语从句（介词+关系代词） 核心语法突破 考频分析 冀教版选修1中，定语从句（介词+关系代词）是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、阅读理解七选五（辅助理解 长难句)。在语法填空和复杂句式理解中，介词的搭配选择及关系代词的指代逻辑往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词搭配规则：根据先行词或从句动词确定介词（如“the reason for which”“the tool with which”) 。关系代词选择：介词后只能用which(指物)、whom(指人)，不可用that或who 。语境应用场景：在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作介词宾语（如“h house in which I lived") 知识点一：定语从句（介词+关系代词)的用法 1.基本结构与功能 1.构成：介词+关系代词(which/whom/.whose)引导定语从句，修饰先行词 2.功能：说明先行词与从句中某一成分的介宾关系，使表达更简洁正式 3.例句：This is the house in which I lived last year.(先行词house,in which=where,.表“居住的房子”) 2.关系代词的选择 l.指物时用which:The book about which you talked is very popular.（先行词book,介词about后接 which) 2.指人时用whom:The girl with whom he worked is my sister.(先行词girl,介词with后接whom) 3.表所属关系用whose::This is the student whose homework I corrected.(whose表“学生的作业”，无 需介词) 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 3.介词的确定方法 1.取决于从句中动词或形容词的固定搭配：He is the man for whom I bought a gift.(buy sth.for sb.固 定搭配) 2.取决于先行词的搭配习惯：The day on which we met changed my life..（on the day为固定时间搭配) 4.与关系副词的转换 l.时间先行词：by which=when→The year in which he was born was2000.(=The year when he was born...) 2.地点先行词：in/at which=where→The city to which she moved is beautiful.(=The city where she moved...) 3.原因先行词：for which=why→The reason for which he left was unknown.(=The reason why he left.) 知识点二：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.基本结构与作用 1.构成：介词+which/whom(不可用that或who) 2.作用：修饰先行词（物用which,人用whom),说明先行词与从句中某个成分的介词搭配关系 3.例句： 1.This is the house in which I lived last year.(先行词house是物，搭配介词in,用in which) 2.The girl with whom he talked yesterday is my sister..(先行词girl是人，搭配介词with,用with whom) 2.介词选择规则 1.取决于先行词的固定搭配（如：the key to.→to which) 例句：I lost the key to which the door was opened..(key与to搭配，用to which) 2.取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配（如：talk about..→about whom/which) 例句：The topic about which we discussed yesterday is important.(discuss about搭配，用about which) 3.取决于句子意思的逻辑需要（如：表时间用in/on,表地点用in/at等） 例句：I still remember the day on which I joined the club.(day搭配on,用on which) 3.与关系副词的转换 1.时间先行词：when=介词+which(in/on/at+which) I'll never forget the day when I met her.=I'll never forget the day on which I met her. 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 2.地点先行词：where=介词+which(in/at+which) This is the school where I studied.This is the school in which I studied. 3.原因先行词：why=for which The reason why he was late is clear.=The reason for which he was late is clear. 4.高频易错点 1.不可拆分的动词短语（如look for,take care of),介词不可提前 错误：The book for which I am looking is missing 正确：The book which I am looking for is missing 2.所有格关系：whose=of which/whom He has a friend whose father is a doctor.He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor.=He has a friend of whom the father is a doctor. 3.介词后只能用which/whom,不可用that 错误：The room in that she lives is small.. 正确：The room in which she lives is small. 知识点三：定语从句（介词+关系代词） 1.基本结构与关系代词 1.核心构成：介词+which/whom(先行词为物用which,为人用whom) 2.功能说明：介词前置时，关系代词不可省略，且不能用tht替代 3.基础示例： 1.The house in which I lived last year has been sold.(先行词house为物，介词in提前) 2.The girl with whom he talked just now is my sister.(先行词girl为人，介词with提前) 2.介词选择规律（中考必背） 1.动词搭配介词 l.depend on→例句：The success depends on the plan which we made yesterday. →介词前置：The success depends on the plan on which we made yesterday. 2.talk about→例句：This is the topic which we talked about in class. →介词前置：This is the topic about which we talked in class, 2.名词搭配介词 l.key to例句：I lost the key which the door's lock belongs to.. →介词前置：I lost the key to which the door's lock belongs. 3 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 2.reason for→例句：Tell me the reason which you were late for →介词前置：Tell me the reason for which you were late.. 3.形容词搭配介词 l.proud of→例句：He is the student which his parents are proud of. →介词前置：He is the student of which his parents are proud. 2.interested in→例句：This is the book which she is interested in. →介词前置：This is the book in which she is interested.. 3.高频考点与易错点 1.固定搭配不可拆分 错误：This is the school which I graduated from. 正确：This is the school from which I graduated. (graduate from为固定搭配，介词from需前置) 2.关系代词的选择 指物只能用which(不可用that): 例句：The room in which we had the meeting is on the third floor. 指人只能用whom(不可用who): 例句：The teacher with whom we discussed the problem is very kind. 3.还原法验证 技巧：将介词移回从句动词后，验证句子是否通顺 例句：He bought a pen with which he writes letters. 一还原验证：He writes letters with the pen.(通顺，正确) 考法精析 考法一：介词+关系代词的选择与介词搭配 核心：根据先行词类型（人/物所属关系）及从句中动词/形容词的固定搭配或先行词搭配习惯，确 定正确的关系代词和介词 真题1（语法填空)： The girl_he often plays basketball is his cousin. 答案：with whom解析：从句中“和某人打篮球”为固定搭配“play basketball with sb.”,先行词为 “the girl”(指人)，故介词用with,关系代词用whom。 真题2（单项选择)： This is the reason he refused the offer. A.with B.for C.in D.on 答案：B解析：先行词为“the reason”,表示原因时固定搭配介词“for”,“for which”可转换为关 系副词“why”,符合“the reason for which.”的结构要求。 4 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 考法二：定语从句（介词+关系代词）与句式转换 核心：将含”介词+名词”或所属关系的简单句转换为定语从句，掌握介词位置及关系代词选择规 则 真题1（句式转换）： 简单句：The girl is my sister.We are looking for the girl. →定语从句：The girl一is my sister. 答案：for whom we are looking解析：简单句中looking for the girl'结构，将名词the girl”替换为关 系代词whom,置于介词for后引导从句，构成”介词+关系代词”结构。 真题2（语法填空）： Ican't forget the day_I first met my best friend.(答案：on which) A.which B.on which C.when D.in that 答案：B解析：先行词the day”与从句中”met”构成'on the day”时间搭配，需用”介词+关系代词” 结构：that不可用于介词后，排除D:C项when虽可替换，但题目要求体现介词+关系代词用法， 故选B。 考法三：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句综合应用 核心：结合先行词类型（人/物）、介词搭配规则及与关系副词的转换，解决定语从句的语法填空和 单选题 真题1（单项选择）： This is the citymy parents lived ten years ago. A which B in which C in that D when 答案：B解析：先行词city表地点，从句中lived后缺地点状语，可用in which或where;介词后不 可用that,排除C:which前缺少介词，排除A;when用于时间先行词，排除D,故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： The girlwe played yesterday is my best friend. 答案：with whom解析：先行词girl指人，从句中played后缺宾语，需用介词+关系代词结构；play with为固定搭配，指人用whom,故填with whom。 解题小妙招 介词加关系代词妙招 介词确定两依据，动词搭配先行词： 指人要用whom替，指物which莫忘记： 简单句转定语从，介词提前关系代： 时间on日imn月年，地点imat要分辨： reason搭配for,way用in或省略都可以： that不能放介词后，which whom紧跟介词走： 关系副词可替换，介词加代结构清。 5 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This is the hospital_my grandmother was treated last year. A.in which B.which C.on which D.at where 2.The reason he left his hometown is still unknown A.with which B.for which C.in which D.on which 3.We visited the factoryproducts are sold all over the world. A.whose B.of which C.in which D.for which 4.The girl_I shared my toys when I was a child is now a famous writer. A.with whom B.to whom C.for whom D.about whom 5.This is the mountain_we planted over 100 trees last spring. A.on which B.which C.where D.in that 6.The scientist_we should learn from has made great contributions to medicine. A.whom B.with whom C.from whom D.to whom 7.I can't forget the momentI first saw the sunrise over the sea. A.which B.in which C.at which D.for which 8.The team-success we are proud will compete in the national final. A.of which B.with which C.for which D.in which 9.Is this the bookstoreyou bought the English dictionary? A.which B.where C.from which D.in where 10.The novel-the film is based was written by a famous author. A.for which B.on which C.with which D.to which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The housewe used to live was destroyed in the storm. 2.The studentthe teacher praised is now studying abroad. 3.This is the problem we need to find a solution 4.The man_my father works is very strict but kind. 5.I still remember the daywe first met at the school gate. 6.The book_you asked yesterday is available in the library. 7.The villagehis ancestors lived for generations has changed a lot. 8.The reason_she was absent from class was that she was ill. 9.The child mother is a doctor always helps others 6 高中冀教版选修1 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 10.The museum_we visited last weekend has a new exhibition. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的介词和关系代词（每空1词）。 Jane Austen is a writermany people are familiar.Her novels,such as *Pride and Prejudice*,tell stories of love and society in 19th-century England.The characters_she created are still loved by readers today.One reason_her works remain popular is their deep understanding of human nature. I once visited the town_Austen was born.The house_she lived with her family is now a museum. There,I saw the desk she wrote her famous novels.The guide_we listened explained that Austen's life influenced her writing greatly. Her books have been translated into many languages, more people can enjoy her stories.For anyone loves classic literature,Jane Austen's works are a must-read. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.A4.A5.A6.C7.C8.A9.C10.B 演练二：1.in which2.whom3 for which4.with whom5.on which6 for which7.in which8.for which 9.whose 10.which 1.with whom 2.which 3.for which 4.in which 5.where 6.on which 7.to whom 8.for which 9.whom 10.who 7