定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语选修一语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 语法专版 定语从句（关系代词和关系副词》 语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版选修1中，定语从句（关系代词和关系副词）是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解 七选五(1-2题)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的辨析、先行词的判定及从句成分的 分析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·关系代词功能：hat、which、who、whom、whose的指代对象（人/物/所属关系）与句法成分（主 语、宾语、定语) ·关系副词应用：when、where、.why对先行词（时间、地点、原因）的修饰及与介词+关系代词结 构的转换 。特殊用法辨析：限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，as与wich的用法差异，关系代词省略规则 知识点一：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 1.关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 1.常见关系代词：hat(人J物)、which(物)、who(人，主格)、whom(人，宾格)、whose(人/物， 表所属) 2.例句： 。The girl who is standing there is my sister..(who指代人，在从句中作主语) 。This is the book that I bought yesterday.(that指代物，在从句中作宾语) 。He lives in a house whose windows face south.(whose表所属，指“房子的窗户”) 2.关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） 1.常见关系副词：when(时间，=介词+which)、where(地点，=介词+which)、why(原因，for+which, 先行词常为reason) 1 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 2.例句： ·I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(when指代时间，在从句中作时间状语) ·This is the factory where my father works.(where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语) ·The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(why指代原因，在从句中作原因状语) 知识点二：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词） 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语） 1.关系代词who(指人，作主语/宾语) ·用法：先行词为人，从句中缺少主语或宾语时用wh0。作宾语时可省略 。例句： 1.The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister..(先行词the girl指人，从句中is standing缺 主语，用who) 2.This is the teacher who I met yesterday.（先行词the teacher指人，从句中met缺宾语，who可 省略) 2.关系代词whom(指人，作宾语) ·用法：先行词为人，从句中缺少宾语时用whom(较正式)，可省略，也可用who替换 ·例句： l.The boy whom you helped is my classmate..(先行词the boy指人，从句中helped缺宾语，whom 可省略) 2.She is the student whom the teacher praised.(先行词the student指人，从句中praised缺宾语) 3.关系代词wich(指物，作主语/宾语) ·用法：先行词为物，从句中缺少主语或宾语时用which。作宾语时可省略 ·例句： l.The book which lies on the desk is mine.(先行词the book指物，从句中lies缺主语，用which) 2.This is the pen which I bought yesterday.（先行词the pen指物，从句中bought缺宾语，which 可省略) 4.关系代词hat(指人/物，作主语/宾语) 。用法：先行词为人或物，从句中缺少主语或宾语时用that。作宾语时可省略 ·例句： l.The girl that won the prize is from our school.(先行词the girl指人，从句中won缺主语，用 that) 2.The car that he drove yesterday is new.(先行词the car指物，从句中drove缺宾语，that可省 略) 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 5.关系代词whose(指人/物，作定语) 。用法：先行词为人或物，从句中缺少定语（表示“…的”）时用whos 。例句： l.I know the boy whose father is a doctor.(先行词the boy指人，从句中father缺定语，“男孩的 父亲”，用whose) 2.This is the house whose windows are broken.(先行词the house指物，从句中windows缺定 语，“房子的窗户”，用whose) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（修饰时间、地点、原因，在从句中作状语) 1.关系副词when(指时间，作时间状语) ·用法：先行词为时间名词（如time,day,year等)，从句中缺少时间状语时用when ●例句： l.I still remember the day when I first came to this school..(先行词the day指时间，从句中cane 缺时间状语“在那天”，用when) 2.This is the year when he graduated from college.(先行词the year指时间，从句中graduated缺 时间状语“在那年”，用when) 2.关系副词where（指地点，作地点状语) ·用法：先行词为地点名词（如place,.city,school等），从句中缺少地点状语时用where 。例句： l.This is the park where we played last Sunday..(先行词the park指地点，从句中played缺地点 状语“在公园”，用where) 2.He lives in a village where there is a river.(先行词a village指地点，从句中there is a river描 述地点，用where) 3.关系副词wy(指原因，作原因状语) ·用法：先行词为reason,从句中缺少原因状语时用why 。例句： l.Idon't know the reason why he was late.(先行词the reason指原因，从句中was late缺原因状 语“.…的原因”，用why) 2.This is the reason why she refused the invitation.(先行词the reason指原因，从句中refused缺 原因状语，用why) 3.关系代词与关系副词的转换(when/where/why可转换为“介词+关系代词 which”) 1.when=in/on/at+which(根据先行词搭配介词) 3 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】知识点全解 .I still remember the day when I first came to this school.I still remember the day on which I first came to this school..(先行词day搭配介词on) 2.where=in/on/at+which(根据先行词搭配介词) .This is the park where we played last Sunday.=This is the park in which we played last Sunday. (先行词park搭配介词in) 3.why=for+which(固定搭配) 。例句：Idon't know the reason why he was late.=Idon't know the reason for which he was late.(固 定用for which) 知识点三：定语从句（关系代词和关系副词) 1.关系代词（引导定语从句，指代先行词并在从句中作主语/宾语/定语) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is wearing ared dress is my sister.(作主语)/The man who you met yesterday is a doctor.(作宾语，可省略) 。whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom she helped is very grateful.(作宾语，可省略) ·which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which tells a funny story.(作主语)/The pen which I bought yesterday is lost.(作宾语，可省略) ·that(指人V物，作主语/宾语，先行词为不定代词或被最高级修饰时常用)→例句：He is the student that won the first prize.(指人，作主语)/This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(指物，作主 语)/The flowers that we planted last month are blooming.(指物，作宾语，可省略) 。whose(指人/物，作定语，表“…的”)→例句：The girl whose hair is black is from China.(指 人)/This is the house whose windows are broken..(指物) 2.关系副词（引导定语从句，指代先行词并在从句中作状语) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ·where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied three years ago. ·why(指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词常为reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 3.定语从句注意事项（中考易错） l.关系代词作宾语时可省略→例句：The book(which/that)I read yesterday is interesting.(which/that 作宾语，可省略) 4 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 2.先行词为人时，关系代词用who/whom/hat,不用which;先行词为物时，用which/.that,不用who →例句：正：The teacher who teaches us math is kind.误：The teacher which teaches us math is kind. 3.当主句以疑问词who/which开头时，定语从句用that避免重复→例句：Who is the girl that is talking to Tom?/Which is the bike that you bought? 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 核心：根据先行词的类型（如不定代词、被序数词/最高级修饰、既有人又有物等）及从句类型（限 制性/非限制性)，判断使用that还是which 真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story-I have ever read. 答案：that 解析：先行词stoy被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，只能用that引导定语从句 真题2（单项选择）： The novel,-was written by a famous writer,has been translated into many languages. A.that B.which C.who D.what 答案：B 解析：逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句，先行词novel指物，只能用which引导非限制性定语从句 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的综合运用及省略规则辨析 核心：根据先行词类型、从句成分及语境，判断使用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)或 关系副词(when/where/why),并掌握关系代词的省略规则 真题1（语法填空)： The village-we visited last year has changed a lot.The old house-roof was broken has been repaired, and the day-we arrived was rainy. 答案：that/which;whose;when 解析：第一空先行词为物(village),从句中缺少宾语，可用hat或which,.且可省略：第二空先行 词为物(house),从句中需表所属关系(“房子的屋顶”)，用whose:第三空先行词为时间(day), 从句中缺少时间状语，用when。 真题2（单项选择）： Is this the factory-you worked last year? A.where B.that C.which D.the one 答案：A 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 解析：先行词为地点(factory),从句中缺少地点状语(“在工厂工作”)，应用关系副词where:若 用关系代词需补充介词in,即“in which”,选项中无此形式，故排除B、C;D项the one需引导从 句时补充关系词，不符合语法结构，因此选A。 考法三：定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的综合运用及与其他从句的区分 核心：结合关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)和关系副词(when/where/why)的用法，判断 关系词在从句中的成分，掌握关系代词省略规则，并区分定语从句与状语从句、强调句 真题1（单项选择）： This is the school-we visited last year and-I spent my happy childhood. A.which;where B.where;which C.that;which D.which;that 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词the school指物，从句中visited缺宾语，用关系代词which/that(可省略)：第 二空先行词the school指地点，从句中spent缺地点状语“在学校”，用关系副词where。 真题2（语法填空）： I still remember the day_we first met,changed my life completely. 答案：when;which 解析：第一空先行词the day指时间，从句中met缺时间状语，用关系副词when:第二空引导非限 制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which(不可省略)。 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 that which有区别，先行词来定乾坤： 不定代词最高级，序数词后用hat: 既有人物又有物，hat独大无二话： 逗号隔开非限制，which登场别用that。 关系代副看成分，代词作主宾表语： 副词何时何地因，状语成分它来担： 先行指物做宾语，that which可省略： wos表所属，名词之前它来帮。 综合应用要细心，强调句有it is/was: 状语从句无先行，定从必有名词先： as引导非限定，指代主句内容全： 过去分词作定语，被动关系记心间。 6 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.We should do everything_we can to help the poor children. A.which B.that C.what D.whom 2.The filmthey are talking about is very popular. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 3.This is the best novel_I have ever read in my life. A.which B.that C.what D.as 4.The girl father is a doctor studies very hard. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 5.The city_we visited last summer is very beautiful. A.when B.where C.which D.what 6.I still remember the dayI first met you. A.which B.when C.where D.that 7.The reason-he was late for school was that he missed the bus. A.why B.which C.when D.where 8.As is known to all,the earth is round,is a fact. A.that B.which C.as D.what 9.Is this the factoryyou worked last year? A.that B.which C.where D.the one 10.It was in the park_we met for the first time A.where B.that C.which D.when 演练二：填空试题 1.The man is standing at the door is my uncle. 2.This is the houseI lived two years ago. 3.The book_cover is red is very interesting. 4.I can't forget the days we spent together. 5.The reason_he left the company is still unknown. 6.Everythinghe said at the meeting was true 7.The girl withI went shopping yesterday is my sister. 8.This is the first timeIhave been to Beijing. 9.We talked about the teachers and schools-we visited last week 7 高中选修1冀教版 【语法专版】 知识点全解 10.is known to all,English is very important. 演练三：语法填空试题 I live in a small town 1.-is surrounded by mountains.Last summer,I visited a village 2.-my grand- parents used to live.The village,3.-has a history of over 200 years,is very beautiful.I stayed in a house 4.windows faced the river.Every morning,I woke up to the sound ofbirds,5.-made me feel peaceful. One day,I met an old man 6.-told me stories about the village.He said that the village had changed a lot since the 1980s.The only thing 7.-remained the same was the old temple on the hill.The temple,8. _was built in the Ming Dynasty,attracts many visitors every year. As we all know,small towns like this are becoming more and more popular.The reason 9.-people love them is that they can enjoy a quiet life here.I hope the village will keep its beauty forever,10.is a treasure for all of us. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3B4.C5.C6B7.A8B9.C10B 演练二：1.who/that2.where3.whose4.that/which5.why6.that7.whom8.that9.that10.As 1.which/that 2.where 3.which 4.whose 5.which 6.who/that 7.that 8.which 9.why 10.which 8