不定式做宾语补足语-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】不定式做宾语补足语 语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版选修2中，不定式做宾语补足语是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷主 要题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（关键应用，直接 影响句子表达的逻辑性与得体性)。在语境理解类题目中，不定式的符号t0的省略、主动与被动意 义的辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构识别：”动词+宾语+todo”结构的判定，省略to的特殊动词（如make,1et,have等）的用 法区分 。常见动词搭配：hope,want,ask,tell,encourage等动词后接不定式作宾补的固定用法 。语境应用辨析：根据上下文判断是否使用不定式作宾补，以及与dong形式作宾补的语义差异（如 see sb do sth与see sb doing sth的区别) 知识点一：不定式做宾语补足语 1.定义及结构 ·定义：不定式(too)在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作或状态，构成“主语+谓语+宾 语+不定式”结构 。结构：及物动词+宾语+todo(肯定式)/not to do(否定式) 2.常见适用动词 1.使役动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、force(强迫) 。例句：My mother asks me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) 。例句：The teacher told us not to be late.(老师告诉我们不要迟到。) 2.感官动词：see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)等（主动语态中可省略to,被动语态需还原to) 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 ·例句：I saw her run out of the house.(主动语态，省略to) ●例句：She was seen to run out of the house.(被动语态，还原to) 3.其他动词：wish(希望)、hep(帮助，to可省或不省)expect(期望) ·例句：We expect him to win the game.(我们期望他赢得比赛。) 3.特殊用法 1.部分动词后接”宾语+不带to的不定式”：let(让)、make(使)、have(让)（主动语态中省略to, 被动语态需还原to) 。例句：The boss made him work overtime.(主动语态，不带to) ●例句：He was made to work overtime..(被动语态，还原to) 2.否定形式：在不定式前加not,即“动词+宾语+not to do” 。例句：The doctor advised him not to smoke.(医生建议他不要抽烟。) 知识点二：不定式作宾语补足语 1.基本结构与含义 ·结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+不定式(todo/do) ·含义：补充说明宾语发出的动作或状态，强调动作的全过程或具体内容 2.接带to的不定式作宾补的动词（常见) 1.动词列表：want(想要)ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)、encourage(鼓励)、expect(期望) 2.结构：动词+宾语+todo 3.例句： l.My mother asks me to finish homework before dinner.(妈妈要求我晚饭前完成作业) 2.The teacher teaches us to speak English loudly..(老师教我们大声说英语) 3.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词（使役动词与感官动词） 1.使役动词：let(让)、make(使)、have(让，使) ·结构：动词+宾语+d0(主动语态中不带to) ●例句： l.My father lets me watch TV for an hour..(爸爸让我看一小时电视) 2.The noise made me sleep badly.(噪音让我睡不好觉) 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.感官动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉) ·结构：动词+宾语+do(强调动作全过程) 。例句： l.I saw her enter the classroom.(我看见她进了教室) 2.We heard him sing in the next room.(我们听见他在隔壁唱歌) 4.被动语态中不定式o的还原规则 1.规则：使役动词make/let/have和感官动词在被动语态中，不定式需还原to 2.结构：宾语（作被动句主语）+be+动词过去分词+tod0 3.例句： l.She was made to clean the room by her sister.(她被姐姐要求打扫房间) 2.He was seen to leave the office early.(有人看见他早早离开了办公室) 5.特殊动词：help的用法 ·结构：help+宾语+to)do(to可带可不带，主动被动均适用) ·例句： l.He helps me(to)carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬重箱子) 2.I was helped to solve the problem by him.(我在他帮助下解决了问题) 知识点三：不定式做宾语补足语 1.基础结构 ·动词+宾语+todo(不定式作宾补，补充说明宾语的动作) 。中考必背动词搭配（核心考点）： l.ask sb.todo(要求某人做)→例句：The teacher asks us to finish the task on time. 2.tell sb.todo(告诉某人做)一→例句：My parents tell me to be careful on the road. 3.want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：She wants her brother to help her with math. 4.teach sb.todo(教某人做)→例句：The coach teaches the team to play better 5.encourage sb.todo(鼓励某人做)→例句：Teachers encourage students to ask questions.. 6.allow sb.todo(允许某人做)→例句：My mother allows me to watch TV after homework 7.warn sb.todo(警告某人做)→例句：The sign warns people to keep off the grass.. 8.expect sb.todo(期望某人做)→例句：We expect him to win the race. 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.省略to的特殊情况（中考易错) 1.使役动词+宾语+do(不定式符号to省略)： 。let sb.do(让某人做)→例句：Let me help you cary the books. 。make sb.do(使某人做)→例句：The movie makes me cry.. 。have sb.do(让某人做)→例句：I'll have my friend pick you up. 2.感官动词+宾语+do(强调动作全过程，to省略)： 。see sb.do(看见某人做)→例句：I saw her cross the street. 。hear sb.do(听见某人做)→例句：He heard the birds sing in the morning. 。watch sb.do(观看某人做)一例句：They watched the children play games. 3.被动语态中to的还原（中考难点） 。主动句中省略to的结构，变为被动句时需还原to: l.主动：The boss made him work overtime..→被动：He was made to work overtime by the boss. 2.主动：We saw her enter the room.→被动：She was seen to enter the room by us. 考法精析 考法一：不定式作宾语补足语 核心：识别“动词+宾语+to do/not to do”结构，掌握使役动词、感官动词后不定式的省略与还原 规则，以及否定形式的用法。 真题1（语法填空）： The teacher told us_(not be)late for class again. 答案：not to be 解析：根据“动词+宾语+not to do”的否定结构，told后接us作宾语，否定形式在不定式前加not, be动词原形保留，故填not to be. 真题2（完形填空）： My mother often makes me_the dishes after dinner. A.wash B.to wash C.washing D.washed 答案：A 解析：make作为使役动词，主动语态中后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，结构为“make+宾语 +do”,故填wash。 真题3（语法填空）： He was seen_(run)out of the building when the accident happened. 答案：toun 解析：see作为感官动词，被动语态中需还原to,结构为“be seen to do”,故填to run。. 4 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 考法二：非谓语动词作定语与状语的综合辨析 核心：根据非谓语动词在句中修饰名词（定语）或修饰句子动词（状语）的功能，结合主动/被动 关系及动作时间（进行完成/将来）选择正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： The girl-(stand)at the door is my cousin.She came here_(meet)her old friend. 答案：standing to meet 解析：第一空修饰名词girl,girl与stand是主动关系且动作正在进行，用现在分词standing作定语： 第二空表目的，用不定式to meet作状语。 真题2（完形填空）： _(see)from the mountain,the city looks beautiful.We decided to take a photo of the(shine)lights at night. A.Seeing Shining B.Seen Shining C.Seeing Shone D.Seen Shone 答案：B 解析：第一空作状语，city与see是被动关系，用过去分词See;第二空修饰名词lights,lights与 shine是主动关系且表进行状态，用现在分词Shining作定语。 考法三：不定式作宾补的综合应用（主动被动转换及易混动词辨析） 核心：区分主动语态中带o/不带to的不定式作宾补的动词类型，掌握被动语态中'to的还原”规则， 对比不定式作宾补与动名词作宾语的差异 真题1（单项选择）： The workers were made_for 10 hours a day by the boss last month. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 答案：B 解析：make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾补(make sb.do sth.),但变为被动语态时需还原 to,结构为be made to do sth.”,故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： My teacher often tells us (not be)late for class.It's important to follow the rules. 答案：not to be 解析：tell后接带to的不定式作宾补，否定形式为'tell sb.not to do sth.”,此处be动词原形与not构 成否定不定式，故填not to be。 解题小妙招 5 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 非谓作宾补，要看动词类：使役感官主动省to,被动还原to别忘：否定not加to前，动词原形跟在 后。 非谓作定状，先辨修饰谁；定语修饰名，主动进行用doing,被动完成用done,将来目的用todo: 状语修饰句或动，目的结果用todo,主动进行doing随，被动完成done来配。 综合应用要记牢，宾补定状细分辨；被动语态to还原，使役感官是重点：doing done to do功能异， 结合语境准判断。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My parents always tell me-too much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.to not spend D.not spending 2.The workers were made_the whole day without a break. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 3.I saw a stranger into our classroom when I went to the teachers'office. A.walk B.to walk C.walking D.walked 4.The book by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 5.-the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock in the morning A.Catch B.To catch C.Catching D.Caught 6.We expect Tom_the first prize in the English competition next week. A.win B.to win C.winning D.won 7.The little girl was noticedthe street alone just now. A.cross B.to cross C.crossing D.crossed 8.The man at the gate is our new math teacher.He came here_us. A.standing teaching B.stood to teach C.standing to teach D.stood teaching 9.My brother enjoys-football,and he often asks mewith him. A.playing to play B.to play playing C.playing playing D.to play to play 10.from the top of the tower,the city looks more beautiful at night. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The teacher advised us_(read)English every morning. 2.She has a lot of clothes(wash)this weekend. 3.My mother made me_(clean)my room before going out. 6 高中选修2冀教版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.-(learn)a foreign language well,we need to practice every day. 5.The boy_(wear)ared jacket is my best friend 6.He was heard_(sing)a song in the next room just now. 7.I decided(not go)to the party because I was too tired. 8.(finish)his homework,he went to bed early. 9.The students(invite)to the party are all from Class Three. 10.The doctor told him_(not eat)too much sugar. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.On the way,we saw an old man_(fall)down on the road.We ran over and helped him_(stand)up.The old man thanked us and said he was trying_(catch)the bus.We decided(walk)him to the bus stop. At the park,we met a group of children(play)games.A girl(sit)under a tree asked us to join them. We had fun(play)together.When it was time to leave,we noticed a lost dog-(look)for its owner.We helped the dog_(find)its home by calling the phone number on its collar. -(do)something helpful makes me feel happy.I hope everyone can try(help)others in need. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.C5B6B7.B8.C9.A10.C 1.to read 2.to wash 3.clean 4.To learn 5.wearing 6.to sing 7.not to go 8.Having finished 9.invited 10.not to eat 1.falling 2.(to)stand 3.to catch 4.to walk 5.playing 6.sitting 7.playing 8.looking 9.(to)find 10.Doing 11.to help 7