U4 复杂句式的分析与运用-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】复杂句式的分析与运用 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教牛津版选修2-U4中，复杂句式的分析与运用是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的25%左右， 贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）、语法填空（2-3题)、书面 表达（核心考察，影响文章逻辑层次与表达丰富性）。在综合理解类题目中，复杂句式的结构划分、 连接词运用及语义逻辑往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·复合句类型：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句 的连接词选用与句法功能 。句式结构转换：简单句与复合句的转换、长难句的拆分与整合、强调句与倒装句的结构特征及应用 。语境综合运用：复杂句式在阅读理解中的语义逻辑分析、书面表达中复杂句式的准确构建与连贯衔 接 知识点一：复杂句式的基本类型及结构 1.并列句（由并列连词连接两个或多个独立分句） 1.常见并列连词：and(并列)、but(转折)、or(选择)、so(结果) 2.例句： ·She likes singing,and her brother likes dancing.(and连接并列关系分句) 。He studied hard,but he still failed the exam.(but连接转折关系分句) 2.复合句（由一个主句和一个/多个从句构成，从句需从属连词引导） 1.宾语从句（充当主句宾语，位于及物动词/介词后）： 。常见从属连词：that(陈述句)、if/whether(一般疑问句)、what/who/were等（特殊疑问句） ·例句： 1 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 1.I think(hat)she will come tomorrow.(that引导陈述句作think的宾语，that可省略) 2.Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is?(where引导特殊疑问句作tell的宾语) 2.状语从句（修饰主句谓语动词，表时间、原因、条件等）： 。常见类型及时引导词：when/while(时间)、because(原因)、if(条件)、although(让步) ●例句： 1.When I arrived home,my mother was cooking.(when引导时间状语从句) 2.We didn't go out because it rained heavily..(because引导原因状语从句) 3.并列复合句（含并列连词+从属连词，连接并列的复合句或复合句与简单 句) 1.结构特点：分句1（主句+从句）+并列连词+分句2（主句+从句/简单句） 2.例句：He told me that he would visit Beijing,and he hoped(that)I could go with him.(and连接两个含 宾语从句的并列分句) 知识点二：复杂句的结构与类型 1.定语从句（修饰名词或代词，常由关系代词/副词引导） 1.关系代词：who(指人，作主语/宾语)、whom(指人，作宾语)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、that (指人/物，作主语/宾语)、whose(指人/物，作定语) 2.关系副词：when(指时间，在从句中作状语)、where(指地点，在从句中作状语)、why(指原因， 在从句中作状语) 3.例句： ·The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(who指人，作主语) ·This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指物，作宾语) ·I still remember the day when we first met.(when指时间，作状语) ·This is the house where he lived last year.(where指地点，作状语) 2.状语从句（修饰动词、形容词或整个句子) 1.时间状语从句（引导词：when、while、as、until、since) 例句：I was reading a book when the doorbell rang. 2.条件状语从句（引导词：if、unless、as long as) 例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 3.原因状语从句（引导词：because、since、as) 例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill,. 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.结果状语从句（引导词：so.that.、s1ch.hat.) 例句：He is so tall that he can reach the top shelf. 5.让步状语从句（引导词：though、although、even if) 例句：Although it was late,he still continued working. 3.名词性从句（在句中起名词作用） l.主语从句（引导词：that、whether、what、who、when、where、why、how) 例句：What he said made me happy. 2.宾语从句（引导词：that、if、whether、what、who、which、when、where、why、how) 例句：Iknow(that)she will come tomorrow. 3.表语从句（引导词：that、whether、what、who、when、where、why.how) 例句：The problem is how we can solve it. 4.同位语从句（引导词：that、whether) 例句：The news that our team won the game made us excited. 4.非谓语动词作状语 1.动词不定式(todo,表目的、结果、原因) 例句：He went to the library to borrow some books. 2.现在分词(doing,表主动、进行) 例句：Walking in the park,I met an old friend, 3.过去分词(done,表被动、完成) 例句：Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful. 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考必背) l.who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.. 2.whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom. 3.which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week 4.that(指人/物，作主语/宾语)→例句：He is the man that helped me 5.whose(指人/物，作定语)一→例句：Do you know the girl whose hair is long? 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考) 1.where(指地点，作状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied three years ago, 3 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.when(指时间，作状语)一例句：I still remember the day when we first met.. 3.why(指原因，作状语)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.. 3.定语从句注意事项（中考易错） l.关系代词作宾语时可省略一→例句：The film(that/which)we saw last night was interesting 2.当先行词为不定代词时，关系代词用that→例句：Is there anything that I can do for you? 3.当先行词被the only等修饰时，关系代词用that→例句：He is the first student that arrived at school.. 4.避免重复：定语从句中不能再出现指代先行词的代词→错误：This is the book which I bought it yesterday.(应去掉it) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作状语辨析 核心：根据语境判断非谓语动词作状语的类型（目的、伴随、原因等），选择正确形式(todo/doing/done) 真题1（语法填空）： -(improve)his spoken English,he practices speaking with foreigners every day. 答案：To improve 解析：句意为”为了提高英语口语，他每天和外国人练习”，表目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，位 于句首首字母大写。 真题2（完形填空)： The girl sat there,(read)a storybook quietly. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：B 解析：句中”sat”为谓语动词，逗号后无连词，需用非谓语动词；”read”与逻辑主语'the girl”为主动 关系，且表伴随动作，用现在分词作伴随状语。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与状语从句的转换 核心：根据语境区分非谓语动词（不定式、分词）作状语与状语从句的功能差异，掌握主动/被动 关系及时间逻辑的转换 真题1（语法填空)： _(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：句子主语the city与see为被动关系，且表示'被看见”的完成状态，故用过去分词Seen作状 语，相当于状语从句When the city is seen from the top of the mountain。 4 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单选题)： -improve her English,she joined an online course last month A.To B.Improving C.Improve D.Improved 答案：A 解析：空格处表目的”为了提升”，动词不定式To improve作目的状语，符合”todo表目的'的用法， 相当于目的状语从句in order that she could improve her English。 考法三：复杂句式中连接词的综合运用与辨析 核心：结合复合句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）与并列句特点，准确选择并列连词、从属 连词及关系词，辨析易混连接词的用法差异。 真题1（单项选择）： My brother likes reading books_are about science,and he hopes he can become a scientist in the future. A.which;that B.who;if C.that;whether D.where:what 答案：A 解析：第一空引导定语从句，先行词books”指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which/hat;第二 空引导宾语从句，从句为陈述句且不缺成分，用ht(可省略)，结合选项选A。 真题2（语法填空）： She told meshe would move to Shanghainext month,but I don't know she will live there alonewith her family. 答案：that:whether;or 解析：第一空引导宾语从句，陈述句用hat（可省略)：第二空后有'or with her family',表”是否 还是.”，用whether..or..结构，故依次填that:whether;or。 解题小妙招 非谓语作状妙招 目的状语不定式，todo置于句首或句尾： 伴随状语看主动，doing形式常伴随： 被动完成用done,过去分词表状态： 转换从句看逻辑，主动doing被动done: 目的相当于in order that,伴随可换and连接句。 复合句中非谓妙招 5 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 复合句中看结构，目的状语用todo: 从句连接要分明，though不可连but: plan后接不定式，hope to do表意图： 主动关系用doing,被动done莫忘记： 连接词与非谓搭，语法规则要牢记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We should do something the environment from being polluted. A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protected 2.he is very busy,he always finds time to help others. A.Because B.Although C.If D.Unless 3.Could you tell me the nearest post office is? A.what B.how C.where D.when 4.The girl was sitting by the window,a letter to her friend. A.write B.writes C.wrote D.writing 5.I wonderwe will have a picnic this weekend. A.that B.if C.what D.which 6.-you work hard,you won't pass the final exam. A.If B.Unless C.When D.As 7.is important for students to develop good learning habits. A.This B.That C.It D.What 8.He told me he would visit the Great Wall and he wanted me to go with him. A.that;that B.if;that C.that;if D.if;if 9.from the hill,the village looks more beautiful A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 10.She decided_to the concert because she her homework yet. A.not go;didn't finish B.not to go;hasn't finished C.not going;won't finish D.not to go;wasn't finishing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He practices basketball every day(improve)his skills. 2.The teacher asked us (not talk)in class. 3.-(read)English novels is a good way to learn the language 6 高中选修2-U4沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 4.The film(direct)by Zhang Yimou is very popular. 5.I don't know he will come to the party tomorrow. 6.They will go hiking tomorrow-it rains heavily. 7.-she was walking home,she met an old friend. 8.The book (lie)on the desk is mine. 9.He was very tired,he still kept working. 10.It's necessary_(learn)basic computer skills. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Every year,thousands of students dream of studying abroad.To achieve this goal,they need(prepare) carefully.First,language ability is crucial.(improve)their English,many students take TOEFL or IELTS exams.However,some find it hard(balance)study and exam preparation. My friend Lily is one of them.She told meshe started learning English at the age of 10.(spend) two hours every day on vocabulary and grammar,she has made great progress.Last month,she took the TOEFL exam and scored 105,-surprised everyone. Now,Lily is applying for universities in the US.She hopes(get)into a top school.Her parents support her decision,although they worry aboutshe will adapt to the new life.Lily says,"(study)abroad will be challenging,but I'm ready for it." Indeed,with hard work and proper planning,is possible to achieve one's dreams. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.D5B6B7.C8.A9.C10B 演练二：1.to improve2.not to talk3.Reading4.directed5.if/whether 6.unless 7.While/When/As 8.lying 9.but 10.to leamn 演练三：1.to prepare2.To improve3.to balance4.that5 Having spent 6.which 7.to get 8.how/whether 9.Studying 10.it 7