U2 被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教牛津版选修2-U2中，被动语态是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多种题 型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（常用考察，影响句子 表达的得体性与逻辑性)。在语境运用类题目中，被动语态的时态变化、主谓一致及语境搭配往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 ·语态构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去 完成时、情态动词的被动语态基本结构 。转换规则：主动句变被动句的基本步骤（确定宾语作主语、谓语变为被动结构、保留原主语作by短 语)及特殊句式转换（含双宾语、复合宾语的主动句转换） ·语境应用：被动语态在新闻报道、科技文献、正式通知中的使用场景，以及不强调施动者、动作承 受者为焦点时的语境选择 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 1.基本结构(be+过去分词) l.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written by her yesterday 3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：The project will be completed next month. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词→例句：The house is being painted now. 5.过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词→例句：The song was being sung when I came in. 6.现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished already.. 2.被动语态的用法 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.强调动作承受者（不知或无需提及执行者）→例句：English is spoken all over the world 2.动作执行者由by引出（需明确指出时）→例句：This book was written by Lu Xun 3.避免主语过长或保持句子平衡→例句：It is said that he will come tomorrow.(it作形式主语) 3.特殊结构（情态动词+be+过去分词） 1.常见情态动词：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词→例句：This problem can be solved easily./The plants must be watered every day. 知识点二：被动语态的特殊结构与用法 1.含情态动词的被动语态（表示”能够、必须、应该等语气的被动动作） 1.常见情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要)、have to(不 得不) 2.结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词（情态动词后接be原形，过去分词体现被动） 3.例句 l.The work can be finished in two hours.(can+be+finish的过去分词finished) 2.This book must be returned to the library on time.(must+be+return的过去分词returned) 3.Children should be taught to respect others.(should+be+teach的过去分词taught) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动句中省略o的不定式作宾补，被动 句中需还原o) l.常见动词：感官动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉)：使 役动词：make(使，让)、let(让)、have（使) 2.主动结构与被动结构对比：主动：主语+感官/使役动词+宾语+动词原形（省略0)：被动：宾语 (作主语)+be+动词过去分词+to+动词原形（还原to) 3.例句： l.主动：We saw him enter the room.(see+宾语+动词原形enter) 被动：He was seen to enter the room by us..(be seen+to+enter) 2.主动：The boss made her work overtime.(make+宾语+动词原形work) 被动：She was made to work overtime by the boss.(be made+to+work) 3.主动：I heard her sing in the next room.(hear+宾语+动词原形sing) 被动：She was heard to sing in the next room by me.(be heard+to+sing) 3.短语动词的被动语态（动词+介词/副词构成的固定搭配，被动时短语需完 整保留) 2 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.常见短语动词：look after(照顾)、take care of(照顾)、put off(推迟)、call on(拜访)、turn on(打 开)、give up(放弃) 2.结构：主语+b+短语动词的过去分词形式（不可遗漏短语中的介词或副词） 3.例句： l.The children are looked after well by their grandparents.(look after的过去分词looked after) 2.The meeting has been put off until next Monday..(put off的过去分词put off) 3.This problem must be paid attention to.(pay attention to的过去分词paid attention to) 4.The lights were turned on by Tom just now.(turn on的过去分词turned on) 4.主动形式表被动意义（某些动词的主动语态可表达被动含义，无需使用被 动结构) 1.适用动词及情境： l.表示主语内在性质或特征的动词：sell(卖)、wash(洗)、write(写)、read(读)、open(打 开)、close（关闭)等，常与well、easily、.smoothly等副词连用。 2.表示'需要'的need/want/.require+doing(主动形式表被动，相当于need/want/require to be done) 2.例句： 1.This kind of cloth washes well.(wash主动表被动，意为”布料好洗”) 2.The book sells quickly.(sell主动表被动，意为”书畅销) 3.The room needs cleaning..(=The room needs to be cleaned.need doing主动表被动，意为'需要 被打扫”) 4.The machine requires repairing.(=The machine requires to be repaired.require doing主动表a被动， 意为”需要被修理”) 知识点三：被动语态 1.被动语态的基本结构 1.一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people, 2.一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3.一般将来时被动：will be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished. 2.主动语态变被动语态（中考核心步骤) 1.宾变主：将主动句宾语变被动句主语→例句：主动：They built the bridge.被动：The bridge was built by them 3 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.谓变被：主动句谓语动词变为be+过去分词”→例句：主动：She cleans the room.被动：The room is cleaned by her. 3.主变宾：主动句主语变为by的宾语（可省略）→例句：主动：We plant trees..被动：Trees are planted by us). 3.被动语态的特殊用法（中考易错） 1.带双宾语的被动：间接宾语作主语时，保留直接宾语→例句：主动：He gave me a book.被动：I was given a book (by him). 2.含情态动词的被动：情态动词+be+过去分词一例句：The work must be done today. 3.不及物动词无被动：happer,appear,.rise等→例句：The accident happened last week.（不能说The accident was happened...) 考法精析 考法一：基本结构判断 核心：根据句子时态和动作关系，确定被动语态中b动词的正确形式及动词过去分词 真题1（语法填空）： The project _(complete)next month.We need to speed up the work. 答案：will be completed 解析：由时间标志词'next month'”可知，动作发生在将来，被动语态一般将来时结构为”will be+过 去分词'，complete的过去分词为completed。 真题2（单项选择)： A new hospital_in our city now.It will be finished next year. A.is building B.was built C.is being built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'now”可知，动作正在进行，被动语态现在进行时结构为”am/is/are being+过 去分词”，主语hospital''为单数，be动词用is,build的过去分词为built。 考法二：主动被动转换与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境判断是否使用被动语态，结合情态动词的被动结构（情态动词+b+过去分词情态 动词+have been-+过去分词)进行转换或填空 真题1（语法填空)： This difficult problem _(can solve)by my brother easily.He is good at math 答案：can be solved 解析：主语'problemi”与动词”solve'”是被动关系，需用被动语态：情态动词cam”的被动结构为”can be+过去分词”，solve的过去分词为solved。 4 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择)： The door_locked by Tom because he was the last one to leave. A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 答案：B 解析：由because he was the last one to leave'”可知，对过去动作”锁门'进行肯定推测，用'情态动 词+have been+过去分词结构，”must have been''表示”一定已经被”，符合语境。 考法三：被动语态的综合转换与特殊结构应用 核心：结合主动变被动步骤，掌握含情态动词、感官/使役动词及短语动词的被动语态转换 真题1（单项选择)： They heard her sing a song at the party last night..(改为被动语态) She_ sing a song at the party last night. A.was heard to B.heard to C.was heard D.heard 答案：A 解析：主动句中感官动词her后接省略to的不定式作宾补，被动句需还原to;由时间标志词'last night'”可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为”was+过去分词”，hear的过去分词为heard,故填was heard to。 真题2（语法填空)： The problem_(must solve)as soon as possible.We need to finish the project on time. 答案：must be solved 解析：主语”the problem”是动作solve'”的承受者，需用被动语态；含情态动词must的被动结构 为'ust+be+过去分词'，solve的过去分词为solved。 解题小妙招 情态动词被动妙招 情态动词表被动，结构牢记”情态+be done'”; 若表过去被完成，”情态+have been done'”; 主被动看承受者，动作对象作主语： 真题解题先判断，情态结构要选对： can may must should,.后接be done莫忘记； 过去推测用have been,被动语态不混淆。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 5 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.The Olympic Games-every four years. A.holds B.is held C.heldD.was held 2.A new bridge_over the river now.It will connect the two towns. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.will be built 3.This bookby Mo Yan.He is one of the greatest writers in China A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 4.Youto take photos in the museum.It's against the rules. A.don't allow B.aren't allowed C.won't allow D.weren't allowed 5.The lost keys_somewhere in the classroom.Let's look for them together. A.must be left B.must have been left C.should be left D.should have been left 6.The little girl was heardloudly when her mother came back. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 7.This problem_at the meeting yesterday,but no solution was found. A.discussed B.was discussed C.is discussed D.has been discussed 8.The old man_well by his children since he moved here last year. A.takes care of B.is taken care C.is taken care of D.has taken care of 9.The classroom_every day to keep it clean. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is cleaned D.has cleaned 10.Mobile phones_in the library.Please turn them off. A.can't use B.mustn't be used C.shouldn't use D.needn't be used 演练二：填空试题 1.The letter_(write)by my sister an hour ago 2.English_(speak)by millions of people around the world. 3.The project_(complete)by the end of this month if we work hard. 4.This kind of car _(make)in Germany.It's very popular. 5.The children_(tell)not to play with fire yesterday. 6.The room(clean)when I arrived home.My mother was still working. 7.This novel-(translate)into many languages since it was published. 8.More attention_(should pay)to the safety of school buses. 9.The thief_(catch)by the police when he was trying to escape 10.These photos_(take)during my trip to Japan last summer. 演练三：语法填空试题 6 高中选修2-U2沪教牛津版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.When we talk about environmental protection,we often think of recycling and reducing waste.However, many everyday products-(make)from materials that harm the environment.For example,plastic bags -(use)widely around the world,but they-(can not break down)easily and may take hundreds of years to decompose. 2.To solve this problem,scientists_(develop)new materials recently.One of them is a kind of"eco-friendly plastic"which(produce)from plants.This plastic(can degrade)in soil within a few months,so it_ (not pollute)the earth. 3.In some countries,laws-(pass)to limit the use of traditional plastic bags.For example,shoppers_(ask) to bring their own bags when they go to supermarkets.It is hoped that with these efforts,our planet_ (protect)well for future generations. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3D4.B5B6.C7.B8.C9.C10.B 1.was written 2.is spoken 3.will be completed 4.is made 5.were told 6.was being cleaned 7.has been translated 8.should be paid 9.was caught 10.were taken 1.are made 2.are used 3.can not be broken down 4.have developed 5.is produced 6.can degrade 7.will not pollute 8.have been passed 9.are asked 10.will be protected 7