U1 复合句结构-2025-2026学年高中英语选修二语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】U1复合句结构 语法专版 【专题】复合句结构 沪教牛津版·选修2Unit1 考频分析 沪教牛津版选修2-U1中，复合句结构是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的25%左右，贯穿试卷核 心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（长难句理解关 键)。在语境分析类题目中，复合句的连接词选用、从句类型判断及语序调整往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。从句类型辨析：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从 句的引导词选择与功能判断 。连接词运用：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、.why、how等连接词/关系词的指代 关系与语法作用 ·主从复合句逻辑：从句与主句的时态呼应、语序调整（尤其是宾语从句的陈述语序）及逻辑关系（如 因果、条件、让步等)的语境匹配 知识点一：复合句的基本结构及类型 1.定义（含主句与从句） 1.复合句由一个主句（独立完整）和一个/多个从句（从属，需连接词引导）构成 2.核心特征：主句可独立成句，从句不能独立存在，需通过连接词依附主句 2.名词性从句（在句中充当名词成分） 1.主语从句（作主语）：What he said is true.(what引导，”他所说的话是真的') 2.宾语从句（作宾语）：She knows where he lives.(where引导，”她知道他住哪里”) 3.表语从句（作表语）：The problem is how to solve it..(how引导，”问题是如何解决它') 4.同位语从句（解释名词）：I have no idea when he will come.(when引导，解释idea) 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】U1复合句结构 3.定语从句（修饰名词/代词，作定语) 1.关系代词引导：The girl who is singing is my sister.(who指代girl,”唱歌的女孩”) 2.关系副词引导：This is the house where I was born.(where指代house,”我出生的房子，) 4.状语从句（修饰动词/形容词/副词，作状语） 1.时间状语从句：I will call you when I arrive.(when引导，”当我到达时) 2.条件状语从句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if引导，”如果明天下雨') 3.原因状语从句：HIe didn't go to school because he was ill.(because引导，”因为他生病了') 知识点二：复合句的基本类型及连接词用法 1.宾语从句（在主句中作宾语，说明”做什么”或”是什么”) 1.连接词分类： ·that(无意义，可省略，用于陈述句) ·if/whether（是否，用于一般疑问句) ●特殊疑问词(what/when/where/.why/how等，用于特殊疑问句) 2.语序规则：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后） 3.例句： ·She says(that)she will study abroad next year.(陈述句作宾语，that可省略) 。Idon't know if/whether he will come to the party.(一般疑问句作宾语，用if/whether) ·Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?(特殊疑问句作宾语，用where,从句用陈述句 语序s在前) 2.状语从句（修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，说明”时间、条件、原因、 结果、让步”等) 1.时间状语从句（引导词：when当…时、while当…时/然而、as soon as一…就）： ·I was reading a book when the doorbell rang.(when引导，主句过去进行时，从句一般过去时) ·While my mother was cooking,I was doing my homework.(while引导，主从句均为过去进行时) ·He will call you as soon as he arrives in Beijing.(as soon as引导，主将从现) 2.条件状语从句（引导词：f如果、unless除非=if not): ·If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if引导，主将从现) 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】U1复合句结构 ·You will fail the exam unless you study hard.(unless引导，相当于if you don't study hard) 3.原因状语从句（引导词：because因为、since既然、as由于）： ●She didn't go to school because she was ill..(because回答why提问，语气最强) ·Since everyone is here,let's start the meeting.(since表示”已知的原因'，语气较弱) 3.定语从句（修饰主句中的名词或代词，作定语，被修饰的词叫先行词) 1.关系代词(who指人、which指物、that既可指人也可指物、whose谁的，作定语)： ·The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(who指人，在从句中作主语) ·This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指物，在从句中作宾语) ●He is the boy whose father is a doctor.(whose作定语，修饰father) 2.关系副词(when指时间、where指地点、why指原因)： 。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(when指时间，先行词是day) ·This is the city where I was born.(where指地点，先行词是city) 知识点三：三大从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句） 1.定语从句（修饰名词/代词，中考核心） 1.基础关系代词（必背）： ·that(指人/物，作主语/宾语)→例句：The book that lies on the desk is mine..（桌上的书是我的。) 。which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the pen which I bought yesterday..(这是我昨天买的 钢笔。) ●who(指人，作主语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的女孩 是我妹妹。) 。whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.(我们昨天遇到 的老师很和蔼。) ·whose(指人/物，作定语)→例句：This is the boy whose father is a doctor..(这是那个爸爸是医 生的男孩。) 2.状语从句（修饰动词/句子，中考常考) 1.时间状语从句（连接词）： 。when（当时)→例句：I was reading when my mother came in.(妈妈进来时我正在看书。) 。while(当…时，强调同时)→例句：While I was doing homework,my brother was watching TV. (我做作业时，弟弟在看电视。) 3 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 U1复合句结构 。until(直到…)一例句：He waited until the rain stopped.（他等到雨停。) 2.条件状语从句（连接词）： 。if(如果)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。) ●unless(除非)→例句：You will fail unless you study hard.(除非努力学习，否则你会失败。) 3.名词性从句（作主/宾/表同位语，中考基础） 1.宾语从句（必背连接词)： 。that(无意义，可省略)一例句：I think(hat)she is right.(我认为她是对的。) 。if/whether（是否)→例句：I wonder if he will come tomorrow.(我想知道他明天是否会来。) 。what(什么，作成分)→例句：She doesn't know what to do next.(她不知道接下来做什么。) 2.表语从句(be动词后)： ·The problem is that we have no time.(问题是我们没有时间。) ·My hope is that I can go to college.(我的希望是能上大学。) 解题小妙招 名词性从句连接词妙招 名词性从句看功能，主宾表同辨分明： 是否含义用if/whether,句首只能用whether: 缺啥意思补啥词，不缺成分用hat。 复合句连接词与非谓语综合妙招 非谓语作定看主动，主动用ing被动ed: 目的状语不定式，todo结构要牢记： ask后接宾补todo,并列结构to重复： y后接宾补todo,尝试做某事记清楚： 定语从句先看先行词，指物用which/that,指时用when。 考法精析 考法一：名词性从句连接词辨析 核心：根据从句在复合句中的功能（主语、宾语、表语、同位语）及上下文语义，选择恰当的连接 词 真题1（语法填空)： 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】 U1复合句结构 She asked me I would go to the party with her tomorrow. 答案：if/whether 解析：空格引导宾语从句，结合句意”她问我明天是否和她一起去派对”，表示'是否'，用f或whether。 真题2（完形填空）： -he will come to the meeting depends on his work schedule. A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where 答案：C 解析：空格引导主语从句，句意为”他是否来开会取决于他的工作安排”，表示”是否”且位于句首， 用Whether(不用if)。 考法二：复合句中连接词与非谓语动词的综合运用 核心：在复合句语境中，结合连接词引导的从句类型（如定语从句、状语从句），判断非谓语动词 (不定式、分词)的正确形式及功能 真题1（语法填空)： The girl_(stand)under the tree is my sister who_(like)singing very much. 答案：standing likes 解析：第一空'standing under the tree”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰the girl',表主动进行；第二空 为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词'y sister'”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，故填likes。. 真题2（单项选择)： We should do something_(protect)the environmentwe live in. A.protect which B.to protect where C.protecting that D.to protect which 答案：D 解析：第一空用动词不定式”to protect''作目的状语；第二空为定语从句，先行词'environment''指物 关系代词在从句中作介词”in”的宾语，可用which或that,结合选项选D。 考法三：复合句连接词的综合辨析与运用 核心：结合复合句类型（名词性/定语/状语从句）判断连接词功能，掌握不同从句连接词的选择规 则及语序要求 真题1（单项选择)： Could you tell me_the nearest supermarket is?I need to buy some fruit. A where B when C how D that 答案：A 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】U1复合句结构 解析：空格处引导宾语从句，根据the nearest supermarket''可知询问地点，应用where引导：宾语 从句需用陈述句语序，此处where在从句中作表语，符合语法规则。 真题2（语法填空)： The girl_is standing at the door is my best friend.She moved here last year. 答案：who/that 解析：空格处引导定语从句，先行词'the girl'”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that 引导定语从句。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We haven't decidedwe will hold the class meeting next Monday. A.that B.what C.whether D.how 2.The little boy refusedhis toys with his sister,which made his mother angry. A.share B.to share C.sharing D.shared 3.she studied hard,she still failed the math exam last term. A.Because B.If C.Although D.Since 4.This is the villagemy grandparents lived for over fifty years. A.when B.where C.which D.that 5.My parents often tell me-too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.to not spend D.don't spend 6.He was walking in the park-he heard someone calling for help. A.while B.when C.until D.as soon as 7.The teacher asked us the passage and the main idea in five minutes. A.reading;finding B.to read;finding C.read;find D.to read;find 8.-is important for studentsgood learning habits. A.That;develop B.It;to develop C.This;developing D.What;develop 9.The novel_by Mo Yan last year is very popular among young readers. A.written B.writing C.to write D.write 10.You will miss the bus_you hurry up right now. A.if B.unless C.because D.so that 演练二：填空试题（共10题） l.She wants to know一（是否）we will go to the beach this weekend. 6 高中选修2沪教牛津版 【语法专版】U1复合句结构 2.My brother practices_(play)the piano for two hours every day. 3.The girl_(wear)a red dress is my best friend Mary. 4.We started early_(catch)the first train to Beijing. 5.This is the reasonhe was late for school this morning. 6.I saw Tom_(run)towards the library when I passed by. 7.(learn)English well requires a lot of practice and patience. 8.The book-my father bought for me last week is very interesting 9.He didn't go to the partyhe had to finish his homework. 10.You'd better _(take)an umbrella with you in case it rains. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.We planned _(have)a picnic and enjoy the warm weather.When we arrived,we found a nice spot under a big tree_provided shade.While we were preparing the food,a little girl_(cry)nearby caught our attention.She looked lost,so we went over to help her. I asked her_she could tell me her name or her parents'phone number.She shook her head and kept (say)"Mommy..."We decided to stay with her until her parents came.After about half an hour,a woman ran up to us,_(obviously)very worried.She thanked us again and again for_(help)her daughter. It was already noon when we finally started our picnic.-the delay,everyone felt happy because we had helped someone in need.This experience taught me-even small acts of kindness can make a big difference.I hope more people will be willing_(offer)help to others when they see someone in trouble. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4B5.A6B7.D8B9.A10.B 演练二：1.if/whether2.playing3.wearing4.to catch5.why 6.running 7.To learn 8.which/that 9.because 10.take 演练三：1.to have2.which/that3.crying4.if/whether5.saying 6.obviously 7.helping 8.Despite 9.that 10.to offer >