UNIT 9 SECTION Ⅱ LESSON 1-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“克隆”这一核心知识点，系统梳理其定义（自然与人工复制过程）、发展历程（从植物扦插、同卵双胞胎等自然克隆到多莉羊、中中华华克隆猴等人工克隆突破）及正反观点（医学价值与伦理争议），通过基础/拓展词汇、短语、语法点（过去分词作定语等）及练习题构建完整学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力（双语对照助理解，词汇分层训练提升运用）、思维品质（正反观点讨论培养分析批判能力，如克隆动物健康问题与伦理思考），课中辅助教师系统授课，课后通过分层练习（基础、应用、综合）帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升综合语言运用与跨文化理解能力。

SECTION Ⅱ　LESSON 1 [教材原文] Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical twins ，who are produced from the same egg. For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. At first, Dolly grew normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals. She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned. After Dolly，scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, including camels，cattle，deer，dogs, goats and mice. However, they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well. This has led to questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？”“Will it continue to happen forever？” In January 2018, the cloning of two long­tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua，was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans)to have been cloned! In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be“much harder”， and doing so with non­reproductive cells was even more complicated.Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team，said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey.The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health. The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process. With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time，and we can even change their genes to suit research needs. This could help save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate results，and lead to more effective treatments. Cloning，however，continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions this raises. For example，they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity.Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.Finally, they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes. So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up.Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. A knife is useful，but it can also kill.” [汉语译文] 克隆(clone)是通过自然或人为(artificially)的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基中(例如土壤)，就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同(identical)卵双胞胎(twin)，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。 多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉(Dolly)。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物(mammal)，包括骆驼(camel)、牛(cattle)、鹿、狗、山羊(goat)和老鼠。然而，在这些物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远(forever)持续下去吗？” 2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(primate)[哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿(ape)、猴子和人类]! 与其他的物种相比(comparison)，克隆灵长类动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖(reproductive)细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地(wholly)投入到研究中，五年多来每周七天，每天24小时照看一千多只猴子。历经多次失败，最终找到成功克隆猴子的方法。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒(barrier)，是为了获得经过基因(gene)编辑(edit)的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。 灵长类动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从而为治愈多种疾病、延缓衰老提供线索(clue)。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确(accurate)、治疗方法(treatment)更有效。 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起(provoke)强烈情绪(emotion)的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要(crucial)，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将(bound)导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理(ethical)问题。比如，他们提出克隆体是被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能会(mere)被看作母体的副本，因此被认为是更低等(inferior)的存在。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用(abuse)该技术。 到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福(blessing)还是带来灾难(curse)，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●基础单词 1．　clone　 vt.克隆，使无性繁殖n.克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 2．　issue　 n．问题 3．　forever　 adv.永远；长久地 4．　reproductive　 adj.繁殖的，生殖的 5．　complicated　 adj.复杂的 6．　barrier　 n．障碍；壁垒 7．　gene　 n．基因 8．　clue　 n．线索，提示 9．　potential　 n．潜能，可能性 10．　provoke　 vt.激起，引起 11．　crucial　 adj.至关重要的， 关键性的 12．　bound　 adj.很有可能，肯定会 13．　inferior　 adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 14．　abuse　 vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待 15．　blessing　 n．福气，幸运 16．　curse　 n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 ●拓展单词 1．　edit　 vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n. 版本，版次；编辑→editor n. 主编，编辑 2．　artificial　 adj. 人造的，不自然的，虚伪的→artificially adv.人为地，虚假地 3．　identical　 adj.完全相同的，非常相似的→identically adv. 同一地，相等地→identity n. 身份，个性，一致→identify vt.识别，认出，确定 4．　compare　 v. 比较，相比→comparison n．比较 5．　whole　 adj. 全部的，整体的，完整的→wholly adv.完全地 6．　accurate　 adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv. 正确无误地，准确地→accuracy n. 精确性，准确性 7．treat vt. 对待，看待，治疗→　treatment　 n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 8．　emotion　 n．强烈的情感，激情→emotional adj. 感情的，有感染力的，情绪激动的 9．　mere　 adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的→merely adv. 只不过，仅仅 1．　a_form_of　 一种……的形式 2．　at_first　 首先 3．　lead_to　 导致 4．　in_comparison_with　 与……比较，同……比较起来 5．　be_devoted_to　 专心于……，致力于…… 6．　a_large_number_of　 大量的 7．　be_bound_to　 必然；一定要 8．　worry_about　 担心 9．　depend_on　 依靠 1．过去分词短语作后置定语。 The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. 第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。 2．动词不定式作后置定语。 They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 3．while引导让步状语从句。 While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 Ⅰ.Read the text and finish the following exercises. 1．It can be inferred from the text that a cloned animal 　________　. A．usually lives as long as the original one B．usually lives longer than the original one C．usually lives shorter than the original one D．is usually as healthy as the original one 2．Why do Chinese scientists try to clone monkeys? A．To solve technical difficulties. B．To help medical research and people's health. C．To get edited genes for further use. D．To help find effective treatments. 3．What's the writer's attitude towards cloning? A．Subjective.　　　　　 　B．Objective. C．Indifferent. 　D．Interested. 4．Which is the correct structure of the text? 5．We can use the skill of cloning to　__________　. A．bring about global peace B．create other famous scientist C．cure some special diseases D．clone a more perfect self to the world 答案：1～5　CBBAC Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text. Definition Development Cloning is the process of making an 1.　exact　 copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. △Natural cloning has been going on for 2.　generations　. △The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. △After that, scientists have cloned more than 20 3.　mammal　 species, including camels，cattle，deer，dogs，goats and mice. Definition Development △ In January 2018, the cloning of two long­tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua，was announced by 4.　Chinese　 scientists. They were the first­ever primates to have been cloned！ Positive and negative opinions △Potential benefits ·Lead to cures for various 5.　diseases　. ·Offer clues on how to prevent the 6.　aging　 process. ·Raise a large number of monkeys with 7.　identical　 genes in a short amount of time and change their genes to suit research needs. ·Help save research time，reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more 8.　accurate　 results, and lead to more effective treatments. Positive and negative opinions △Moral concerns ·They wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own 9.　identity　. ·Clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as 10.　inferior　. ·Some organisations may 11.　abuse　 the technology for unethical purposes. Writer's attitude The science of cloning should be 12.　further　 explored and advanced. 1．identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 (1)be identical to/with 与……完全一样 (2)identically adv. 完全相同地，非常相似地 ◆[经典佳句] There on the book's cover is a beagle which looks identical to my dog. 书的封面上有一只短毛小猎犬，它看起来和我的狗一模一样。 Everybody identically agrees to the suggestion that the prize should be sent out by the head teacher. 大家一致同意由校长颁发奖品的建议。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①You look identical 　________　 your dad when he was your age. ②His fingerprints were identical 　________　 those left on the door. ③　________　 (identical)，if you want that book，I'll bring it next time. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④This is　__________________　(相同的房间) we stayed in last year. ⑤Her dress 　__________________　(和……几乎一模一样) mine. 答案：①to/with　②to/with　③Identically ④the identical room　⑤is almost identical to/with 2．comparison n．比较，对比 (1)beyond/without comparison　无与伦比 by/in comparison with sb./sth. 与……相比 by comparison 比较起来 (2)compare vt. 比较，比作 compare A with/to B 比较A和B compare ... to ... 将……比作 compared with/to 与……相比 compare notes with 和……交换意见 ◆[经典佳句] They were living well，by/in comparison with people elsewhere in the world. 和世界上其他地方的人们比起来，他们过着舒适的生活。 The second half of the game was dull by/with comparison with the first. 与上半场相比，比赛的下半场有些沉闷。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①As a famous saying goes，“Life is compared 　to　 a voyage.” ②　By　 comparison, expenditure on education increased last year. ③Standards in health care have improved enormously compared 　to/with　 40 years ago. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④I often 　compare_notes_with　 my father because he is experienced. 我经常和父亲交换意见，因为他有经验。 ⑤Mother's love is great 　beyond_comparison　 in the world. 母亲的爱是世上无与伦比的伟大力量。 3. wholly adv. 完全地；全面地；整体地 (1)wholly agree/cure 完全同意/治愈 wholly improper 完全失当 wholly successful 十分成功 (2)whole adj. 全部的；整体的；完整的n.全部；整体；完整 on the whole 总的来说；基本上，大体上 as a whole作为一个整体；总体上 ◆[经典佳句] The report claimed that the disaster was wholly unavoidable. 报道称这场灾难完全无法避免。 On the whole，people long for the opportunity to enjoy leisure. 总的来说，人们渴望享受闲暇时光的机会。 The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole. 这次会演对我们城市乃至整个国家都将是意义重大的。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①While the two are only days apart in age，they seem to belong to 　________　 (whole) different generations. ②We should think about the education system 　________　 a whole. ③It's extremely hard working together but 　________　 the whole it works brilliantly and we're still good friends. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④She had acted in ways that he found 　__________________　(佩服得五体投地)． ⑤The rich benefited from the reforms，not the country 　______________　(总体上)． 答案：①wholly　②as　③on　④wholly admirable　⑤as a whole 4．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于 (1)devote oneself to 献身于，致力于 devote one's time/energy/money/life to 把时间/精力/金钱/一生用于…… (2)devoted adj. 忠诚的；全心全意的 (be) devoted to 献身于，致力于 (3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚 ◆[经典佳句] The librarian is devoted to her tiring job. 这位图书管理员致力于她繁重的工作。 As I stepped into Senior Three, I had to devote most of my spare time to reading. 进入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来看书。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①She is a good wife and a 　devoted　 mother. ②He is highly thought of because of his 　devotion　 to work. ③It's wrong to 　devote　 yourself only to amusement. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④He has 　devoted_his_whole_life_to_benefiting　 mankind. 他把一生献给了造福于人类的事业。 5．accurate adj. 准确的，正确的 (1)be accurate in 在……方面是准确的 with accuracy 精确地；正确地 (2)accurately adv.精确地；准确地 (3)accuracy n．精确度，准确度 ◆[经典佳句] We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes. 我们希望能更准确地预测地震。 He hit the golf ball powerfully and accurately. 他有力而准确地击中了那个高尔夫球。 Convinced of the accuracy of the data，they stuck to their opinions. 由于深信数据准确无误，他们坚持自己的意见。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He is always accurate 　________　 what he says and does. ②The test can 　________　 (accurate) predict what a bigger explosion would do. ③It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane's behaviour with much 　________　 (accurate)． ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④He 　____________________　his conversation. 他谈吐谨慎。 ⑤To collect　__________________　，please download and install the latest version. 为了搜集最精确的信息，请下载并安装最新版本。 ⑥She 　______________________　of the house. 她向我们准确的形容过那座房子。 答案：①in　②accurately　③accuracy　④is accurate in　⑤the most accurate information ⑥gave us an accurate description 6．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 (1)under treatment 在治疗中 (2)treat n. 招待；款待 v. 对待；款待；请客；治疗 treat sb. as ... 把某人看作…… treat sb. to sth. 招待某人吃…… treat sb. with ... 以……方式对待某人 treat sth. seriously 认真对待某事/某物 ◆[经典佳句] Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment. 阿司匹林是一种简单但非常有效的治疗方法。 I decided to treat his remark as a joke. 我决定把他的话当作戏言。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①After years of regular 　treatment　 (treat)，she finally became healthy. ②Men and women must 　be_treated　 (treat) equally in education and employment. ③I'll treat you 　to　 lunch at the restaurant in front of our school. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④He is 　under_treatment　 and is in stable condition. 他正在接受治疗，病情稳定。 7．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心，关注；(利害)关系 (1)It concerns/concerned sb. that ... 令某人担忧的是…… have no concern with ... 和……无关 (2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的 as/so far as ...be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言 be concerned about/for 关心；担忧；挂念 be concerned with sth. 牵涉到；与……有关 (3)concerning prep. 关于 ◆[经典佳句] I voiced my biggest concern to my mother. 我向母亲表达了我最大的担忧。 As far as I'm concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution. 就我个人而言，骑自行车是个解决问题的好办法。 ◆[名师点津]　concerned为形容词，作前置定语时，意为“忧虑的，担忧的，担心的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的，涉及的”。例如：a concerned look担忧的表情；the people concerned有关的人员。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The individuals 　concerned　 (concern)have to take immediate action. ②They follow the rules and are concerned 　about/for　 the people they work with. ③Honestly speaking，I have no concern 　with　 that matter. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ④就这些孩子而言，英语并不像你所认为的那样难。 　As_far_as_the_children_are_concerned，English_is_not_so_difficult_as_you_might_think.　 8．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待 child abuse 虐待儿童 a stream of abuse 一通臭骂 shower abuse on sb. 痛骂某人 alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/滥用毒品 abuse one's power 滥用权力 abuse one's trust/confidence 背信弃义 ◆[经典佳句] He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position. 他揭露了有钱有势的人会如何滥用他们的地位。 Several of the children had been physically abused. 其中有几个儿童的身体受到了虐待。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ①To the public's delight, a large number of government officials 　who_abused_their_power　 have been well punished. 令公众高兴的是，许多滥用职权的政府官员得到了应有的惩罚。 ②The government has set up a working party to 　look_into_the_problem_of_drug_abuse　. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ③他在任职经理时滥用权力。 　He_abused_his_power_when_he_worked_as_a_manager.　 9．a (large/great) number of 许多；大量的 表示“许多，大量等”意义的词汇有： (1)后跟可数名词复数： a great/large/small number of a great/good many quite a few (2)后跟不可数名词： a great deal of a great/large amount of (3)后跟可数名词或不可数名词： a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of masses of plenty of (4)many a＋可数单数名词 谓语动词用单数形式 ◆[经典佳句] That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. 那是因为有许多强大的语音操作和自动化技术即将广泛提供给任何人使用。 I've known her for a great many years. 我认识她好多年了。 A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year. 每年都要在广告上花费大量金钱。 Large quantities of food are wasted because of the way it looks. 大量的食物因其外观而被浪费。 A large quantity of air conditioners has been sold since the summer came. 夏季以来，大量的空调已售出。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Large quantities of land in the area 　have_been_reserved　 (reserve) for national parks these years. ②The number of books stolen from the library 　is　 (be) large. ③A large number of books 　have_been_stolen　 (steal) from the library so far. ④Many 　a　 doctor was involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ⑤One survey shows that large amounts of water 　are_wasted　 every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved. 一项调查显示，中国每年有大量的水被浪费，其中三分之一是可以节约的。 1．(教材P52)The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. 第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。 [句式结构]　过去分词(短语)作定语。 ◆[规律总结] (1)及物动词的动词­ed形式作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动含义。 (2)单个的动词­ed形式作定语时，多置于所修饰词的前面，left等少数动词­ed形式放后面；而动词­ed形式短语作定语，一般置于所修饰词的后面，通常可改写为定语从句。 ◆[经典佳句] This book，written in simple English，is suitable for beginners. 这本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 Lost time can never be found again. 光阴一去不复返。 The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ◆[误区规避] 　语法填空： The scientist　___________　(devote) to the research has no time for a holiday. (可能失误)填devoting (正确表达)填devoted (错误分析)谨记此规律：devote为及物动词，常跟sth./oneself 后加to，表示“献身于……”，与the scientist构成动宾关系，故填devoted。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The party 　held　 (hold) last night was a success. ②The meeting 　attended　 (attend) by over five thousand people welcomed the great hero. ③Have you read the novel 　written　 (write) by Dickens? ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句型转换 ④The bridge built two years ago is the second longest in the world. →The bridge 　that/which_was_built　 two years ago is the second longest in the world. 2．(教材P52)They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! [句式结构]　动词不定式(短语)作后置定语。 ◆[规律总结] (1)动词不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 (2)中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、 only等修饰时，用动词不定式作定语。 (3)promise, plan, offer, decision, ability, warning等抽象名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 ◆[经典佳句] The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年竣工的机场将会帮助推进该地区旅游业的发展。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Flying is the best way 　to_travel　 (travel)． ②China was one of the first countries in the world 　to_study　 (study) the science of farming. ③I dream of finding a friend that will be the first 　to_give　 (give) me a hand when I am in trouble. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④She was 　the_first_person_in_the_world_to_receive　 two Nobel Prizes. 她是世界上第一个获得两项诺贝尔奖的人。 [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Now that you're in charge of the department, you are 　bound　 (肯定会) to carry out the plan. 2．The problem of drug 　abuse　 (滥用) should be paid more attention to. 3．Lack of traffic is one of the 　blessings　 (福气) of country life. 4．The two pictures are similar, although not 　identical　 (完全相同的)． 5．Just keep telling yourself that it won't last 　forever　 (永远)． 6．Not all doctors truly understand the 　reproductive　 (生殖的) cycle. 7．This resulted in overpriced and often 　inferior　 (较差的) products. 8．The government is not 　wholly　 (完全地) to blame for the recession. 9．Parents play a c　rucial　 role in preparing their child for school. 10．She had been waiting for Simon to break down the b　arrier　 between them. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The article 　accurately　 (accurate) reflects public opinion. 2．The prices of meals are often 　artificially　(artificial) inflated. 3．She is now under 　treatment　 (treat) in a local hospital. 4．　Crucially　(crucial), as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. 5．The next 　edition　 (edit)of the book is projected for publication in March. 6．Many passages are 　identically　 (identical) the same, word for word. 7．The 　comparison　 (compare) shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice. 8．He tends to get 　emotional　 (emotion) on these occasions. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．　As_far_as_I_am_concerned　 (就我而言), China will have huge changes over the years. 2．She 　devoted_her_life_to　 (把一生用来) helping homeless children. 3．I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing 　compared_to_yours　 (与你的困难比起来)． 4．For breakfast he only drinks juice from 　fresh_fruit_grown_on_his_own_farm　 (他自己农场里种的新鲜水果)． 5．He was 　the_first_person_to_reach_the_top_of_the_mountain　(第一个到达山顶的人)． 6．　While_I_am_willing_to_help　 (尽管我愿意帮忙), I do not have much time available. [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A World AIDS Day is an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against HIV.The concept of World AIDS Day was first put forward in August 1987 by James W．Bunn and Thomas Netter, two public information officers for the Global Program on AIDS at the World Health Organization.Bunn and Netter took their idea to Dr.Jonathan Mann, Director of the Global Program on AIDS.Dr.Mann liked the concept, approved it, and agreed with the recommendation that the first World AIDS Day should be 1 December, 1988. Bunn recommended the date of 1 December believing it would maximize coverage by Western news media.Since 1988 was an election year in the US, Bunn suggested that media would be tired of their post­election coverage and eager to find a fresh story to cover.Bunn and Netter determined that 1 December was long enough after the election and soon enough before the Christmas holiday and that it was, in effect, a dead spot in the news calendar and thus perfect timing for World AIDS Day. HIV and AIDS first became evident in the 1980s.And between 1981 and 2007, 25 million people died from the virus.According to the United Nations, globally 33.3 million are now infected with the virus.In the UK, around 91,500 people are HIV­positive, but it is thought that about a quarter of these don't know it and remain undiscovered. The generation that grew up in the 1980s when AIDS first started to be understood protected themselves by adopting safe practices, but this level of awareness seems to have fallen away. Progress is being made and many scientific and medical advances have meant that people contracting (感染) the virus can live long and healthy lives with the right drug regimes, although there remains no vaccine or cure for AIDS. HIV­positive people were once discriminated against and lived in fear of their work colleagues finding out about their conditions.Laws are now in place protecting people living with HIV.But the levels of acceptance vary depending on the country and culture and for many people there is considerable discrimination and bad fame attached to being HIV­positive. 1．What can we know about World AIDS Day? A．It was first put forward by Dr.Jonathan Mann. B．People showed no interest in it when it was first put forward. C．Dr.Jonathan Mann thought highly of the concept. D．It won the most support from people infected when it was first introduced. 2．Bunn recommended the date of 1 December as World AIDS Day because 　________　. A．he thought that Dr.Mann would like this day B．he believed that this would make the event gain the most coverage C．he wanted to offer people a fresh story before the Christmas holiday D．he hoped that western people would spend a meaningful holiday 3．What can we know about HIV­positive people in the UK? A．Most of them grew up in the 1980s. B．About 25% of them are not aware of it. C．About half of them receive no treatment. D．They know enough about how to protect themselves. 4．It is implied in the last paragraph that HIV­positive people 　________　. A．are well protected everywhere nowadays B．are treated the same in different cultures C．are still discriminated against in their life in some regions D．are not worried about their colleagues knowing their conditions [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界艾滋病日的来历及目前世界范围内艾滋病病情及防治情况。 1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Dr.Mann liked the concept, approved it, and agreed with the recommendation ...”可以推测，Dr.Jonathan Mann对此评价很高。故选C。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Bunn recommended the date of 1 December believing it would maximize coverage by Western news media.”可知，Bunn建议把12月1日定为“世界艾滋病日”，是因为他认为这样可以使这一事件赢得媒体最多的报道。故选B。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it is thought that about a quarter of these don't know it and remain undiscovered”可知，在英国25%的艾滋病感染者不知道自己携带艾滋病病毒，故选B。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管有法律的保护，但是在一些地区艾滋病病毒感染者在现实生活中依旧受到歧视，故选C。] B Dancing with your grandma for 15 minutes a week promotes positive feelings and improves her state of mind, a study claims. Doctors from Israel are encouraging younger family members to have a regular visit to their grandmas and have a dance with their grandmas. And they found a 15­minute boogie (布吉舞) once a week lifted the spirits of the elders and helped strengthen the familial bond. In fact, it is called Dance Movement Therapy (DMT). DMT, across the generations, complete with eye contact, was found to promote positive feelings and improve spirits of the elderly. The grandparents reported a bright state of mind, happy memories and uplifted spirits. Dancing has also previously been linked to improved muscle strength, balance and endurance (耐力). For the grandchildren in the study, the weekly boogie changed how they viewed aging and allowed them to come to accept the eventual death of their elderly relatives. The study, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, assessed how dance affected general health of 16 dance movement therapists (治疗师) and their grandmothers. DMT was taken seriously due to the fact that it is easily accessible and does not cost more to practice. The researchers were eager to examine a low­cost method to treat issues commonly faced by an aging population－such as limited mobility and depression (抑郁症). Grandchildren were instructed to make eye contact and encourage playfulness and touch. They were also told to mirror their grandmothers' movements and give them time and space to rest when needed. The sessions were recorded and then analysed while diaries and interviews captured the opinions and feelings of the participants. As well as the benefits to the health of the senior, the experiment also changed the idea of the younger family members. 5．What should the young people do when dancing with their grandmas? A．Follow the grandmas' steps. B．Look at the grandmas' eyes. C．Move their bodies as long as possible. D．Talk with their grandmas in a gentle voice. 6．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Dancing brings the young happy memories and uplifted spirits. B．Dancing enables the senior to accept aging and death of their old relatives. C．Dancing benefits both the senior and the young in the new study. D．Dancing is linked to improved muscle strength and balance in the new study. 7．Which of the following is the best advantage of DMT? A．Inexpensive.　　　 　B．Relaxing. C．Attractive. 　D．Pleasant. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．What does DMT Mean? B．Dancing: a Good Way to Stop Being Senior C．Why don't You Dance 15 Minutes Every Week? D．Dancing with Grandparents Is Good for Health and Family Ties [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了促进老年人的积极情绪，改善老年人心情的舞蹈运动疗法。 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“DMT，across the generations，complete with eye contact，was found to promote positive feelings and improve spirits of the elderly.”可知，舞蹈运动疗法包括眼神交流。因此，年轻人和(外)祖母跳舞时应该“Look at the grandmas'eyes.”，故选B。] 6．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“The grandparents reported a bright state of mind，happy memories and uplifted spirits... For the grandchildren in the study，the weekly boogie changed how they viewed aging and allowed them to come to accept the eventual death of their elderly relatives.”可知，跳舞对老年人和年轻人都有好处，故选C。] 7．A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“DMT was taken seriously due to the fact that it is easily accessible and does not cost more to practice.”可知，舞蹈运动疗法因其操作简便、成本不高而受到重视。所以其最大的优势是便宜，故选A。] 8．D　[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一句“As well as the benefits to the health of the senior，the experiment also changed the idea of the younger family members.”可知，本文主要介绍了一种有效的关心(外)祖父母的方法——舞蹈运动疗法，这种方法不仅有助于双方的健康，同时也能加深家庭成员间的关系。“Dancing with Grandparents Is Good for Health and Family Ties”符合题意。故选D。] Ⅱ.完形填空 As a child I never worried about losing my hearing，even though many other members of my family had done so.It seemed that I was one of the　____1____　ones. I had a lovely voice and felt　____2____　about my singing. At 13, I made my debut (初次登台) in a school performance of Carlo Menotti's opera and knew then that I belonged on stage. But then I noticed that if I didn't sit at the front in lectures, I would　____3____　to hear. I went to the hospital to have a　____4____　test. I felt desperate and my ambition was 　____5____　by a diagnosis of incurable nerve deafness. What a depressing matter it was! However, my bravery persuaded me to　____6____　my plans and I went on to study at the Royal Northern College of Music. I kept my　____7____　a closely guarded secret, convinced that admitting it would　____8____　my career. I won roles on merit (凭才能), but the added fear and anxiety at auditions (试唱)　____9____　me. At 28, I made my debut at Sadler's Wells Theatre.But my hearing loss was　____10____　， and I couldn't hear myself sing any more. I'd get a feeling of terror and want to　____11____　before every performance.　____12____　， a superb technician fitted a hearing aid in my ear, making me self­conscious and my confidence grew. I was fast learning to 　____13____　， singing by wearing it. Recording music is now a joy and acoustic(原声的) sounds through the headphones help me relax. I thought I met a blessing. 　____14____　in technology mean my latest hearing aids are wireless, and my performance is at its peak. I continue to tour the world. This year, I decided it was time to be 　____15____　， not ashamed and went public as the deaf mezzo­soprano. 1．A.clever　　　　　 　B．lucky C．pitiful 　D．active 2．A.curious 　B．anxious C．awkward 　D．confident 3．A.struggle 　B．hesitate C．pretend 　D．ease 4．A.blood 　B．hearing C．sight 　D．memory 5．A.achieved 　B．developed C．destroyed 　D．extended 6．A.figure out 　B．stick to C．look forward to 　D．give up 7．A.background 　B．score C．ambition 　D．deafness 8．A.start 　B．further C．change 　D．ruin 9．A.puzzled 　B．consumed C．impressed 　D．inspired 10．A.accelerating 　B．resisting C．recovering 　D．disappearing 11．A.rest 　B．play C．drill 　D．flee 12．A.Thankfully 　B．Clearly C．Actually 　D．Generally 13．A.forget 　B．judge C．cooperate 　D．adapt 14．A.Drawbacks 　B．Applications C．Improvements 　D．Regulations 15．A.famous 　B．creative C．proud 　D．innocent [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者有一副好嗓子，对唱歌充满信心。后来作者的雄心壮志因她被诊断患有无法治愈的神经性耳聋而被毁掉。幸运的是，一位技术精湛的技师给作者的耳朵装上了助听器，作者的信心随之增加，后来很自豪地公开了自己是失聪的女中音这件事。 1．B　[根据第一句可知作者的许多家人都失去了听力，再由后文可知，作者声音条件非常好，对唱歌感到自信，13岁时就亮相舞台，因此作者认为自己很幸运。故选B。] 2．D　[根据“I had a lovely voice”和“knew then that I belonged on stage”可知，作者对自己的歌唱充满信心。curious好奇的；anxious焦虑的；awkward尴尬的；confident自信的。故选D。] 3．A　[由下文可知作者的听力出现了问题，所以此处指如果作者在听课时不坐在前排，就必须很努力地去听。struggle努力；挣扎；hesitate犹豫；pretend假装；ease减轻。故选A。] 4．B　[由上下文可知作者应该是去医院做听力检查。故选B。] 5．C　[由上文可知作者对结果感到绝望，所以此处表示作者的雄心壮志被毁掉。achieve取得；完成；develop发展；destroy毁坏；extend延长。故选C。] 6．B　[由下文“I went on to study at the Royal Northern College of Music”可知，作者去了英国北方皇家音乐学院学习，所以是作者的勇气说服了她坚持自己的计划。figure out弄明白；stick to坚持；look forward to 期待；give up 放弃。故选B。] 7．D　[由上文可知作者被诊断出听力出现了问题，由此推知此处是指作者对自己的听力障碍守口如瓶，deafness是原词复现。 background背景；score得分；ambition雄心；deafness耳聋。故选D。] 8．D　[由上下文可知作者喜欢唱歌，显然听力有问题对作者的事业十分不利，所以作者认为如果不保密会毁了她的事业。start开始；further促进；change改变；ruin毁掉。故选D。] 9．B　[由上文可知作者不敢泄露自己听力有问题的事情，所以作者在试唱时应该是充满了恐惧和焦虑。puzzle使困惑；consume使充满；impress给……留下印象；inspire鼓舞。故选B。] 10．A　[由上文“But then I noticed that if I didn't sit at the front in lectures，I would 　____3____　 to hear.”可知作者听力出现问题，但在近处还是可以听到的，由下文“I couldn't hear myself sing any more”可知作者再也听不到自己唱歌了，前后对比可知作者的听力正在加速下降。accelerate加快；resist抵制；recover恢复；disappear消失。故选A。] 11．D　[由“I'd get a feeling of terror”可知每次演出前，作者都会有一种恐惧感，所以“想要逃离”符合语境。rest休息；play玩耍；drill训练；flee逃跑。故选D。] 12．A　[由下文可知一位技术精湛的技师给作者的耳朵装上了助听器，这让她的信心增强，这是一件值得庆幸地事。thankfully庆幸地是；clearly清晰地；actually实际上；generally大体上。故选A。] 13．D　[上文提到“making me self­conscious”，所以此处承接上文，表示作者很快就学会了适应，戴着它唱歌。 forget忘记；judge判断；cooperate合作；adapt适应。故选D项。] 14．C　[由“my latest hearing aids are wireless”可知，科技进步了。drawback缺点；application应用；improvement改进处；regulation规则。故选C。] 15．C　[由上文“my performance is at its peak.I continue to tour the world.”可知，作者事业很成功，再结合“not ashamed...”可知，此处应该是作者不再感到羞耻，而是为自己的成就感到骄傲。famous闻名的；creative有创造力的；proud骄傲的；innocent无辜的。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $