动词专项 02-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 语法专项 被动语态全解 一般时态与情态动词被动结构 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法中，动词专项的被动语态是重点语法点，考频占动词专项的30%左右，贯穿 试卷核心题型：单项选择23题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影 响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态（一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将 来时/现在完成时)及情态动词被动结构往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：一般现在时被动(am/is/are+done)、一般过去时被动(was/were-+done)、一般将来时 被动(will be+done)、现在完成时被动(have been+-done)的基本结构与语境匹配，主动语态与被动 语态的转换；情态动词被动（情态动词+be+done)的构成与用法 。非谓语动词：todo、doing、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 l.一般现在时/一般过去时被动（am/is/are/was/were+done) l.构成：主语+am/is/are(一般现在时)/was/were(一般过去时)+动词过去分词 2.例句： ·The classroom is cleaned every day.(一般现在时被动) ●This story was told by my mother yesterday.(一般过去时被动) 2.一般将来时/现在完成时被动(will be/have been+done) 1.构成：主语+will be(一般将来时)/have been(现在完成时)+动词过去分词 2.例句： 。A new hospital will be built here next year.(一般将来时被动) 1 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 ·The work has been finished already.(现在完成时被动) 3.情态动词被动（情态动词+be叶done) 1.构成：主语+情态动词(can/nay/must/.should等)+be+动词过去分词 2.例句： ·This problem can be solved easily.(can的被动语态) 。The homework must be handed in on time.(must的被动语态) 知识点二：情态动词被动语态及特殊用法 1.情态动词被动语态（含情态意义的被动动作) 1.情态动词类型：can（能/会)、may(可以/可能)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要，用于 否定/疑问) 2.被动语态结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词（情态动词无人称变化，be用原形） 3.例句： ●The work can be finished in an hour.(can+be+finish的过去分词finished) ·This book must be returned to the library tomorrow.(must+be+return的过去分词returned) ·Your homework should be handed in before class.(should+be+hand的过去分词handed) 2.被动语态的特殊结构 1.不及物动词短语的被动（需保留介词)： ·结构：主语+be+动词短语过去分词+介词 ·例句： l.This song is often listened to by young people.(listen to短语，被动保留to) 2.The problem has been talked about for a long time.(talk about短语，被动保留about) 2.主动表被动（感官动词/系动词)： ·适用词：look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来)、smell(闻起来)、sell (卖)、wash(洗) ·例句： 1.The flowers smell sweet..(smell主动表被动，意为“被闻起来香”) 2.This kind of cloth washes well.(wash主动表被动，意为“被洗起来耐用”) 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时/一般过去时被动(am/is/are/was/were+done) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ·am done→例句：I am often helped by my classmates. ●is done→例句：The book is written by a famous writer, 。are done→例句：These flowers are watered every day. ●was done→例句：The letter was posted yesterday. ◆were done→例句：The trees were planted last spring. 2.特殊句式转换（中考易错）： ·主动：People speak English in many countries.→被动：English is spoken in many countries. ●主动：He finished the work last week.→被动：The work was finished last week. ·主动：They build a new school every year.→被动：A new school is built every year. 2.一般将来时/现在完成时被动(will be/have been+done) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。will be done→例句：The project will be completed next month 。shall be done(第一人称)→例句：I shall be told the truth soon. ●have been done→例句：The work has been finished already. ●has been done→例句：This book has been translated into many languages. 2.时间标志词搭配（中考常考）： ●一般将来时被动+soon/tomorrow/next week→例句：A new hospital will be built here next year.. 。现在完成时被动+already/yet/for+时间段→例句：The problem has been solved already. 3.情态动词被动（情态动词+be叶done) 1.常用情态动词搭配（中考核心）： ●can be done→例句：This task can be finished in an hour. ·may be done→例句：The meeting may be held tomorrow. ·must be done→例句：omework must be handed in on time. ●should be done→例句：More attention should be paid to this problem. ·need be done(情态动词need)→例句：The room need be cleaned.. 2.否定形式（中考易错)： 3 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 。can't be done→例句：This work can't be done by one person. ●mustn't be done→例句：Smoking mustn't be allowed in public places. 。shouldn't be done→例句：Such mistakes shouldn't be made again. 解题小妙招 情态动词被动妙招 情态被动有特点，基本结构要记全： 情态动词加be done,否定not加在情态间： 疑问句式也不难，情态提前放句首： 综合运用看主语，承受动作用被动： 结合时态和语境，情态被动准能辨。 考法精析 考法一：情态动词被动语态基本结构及否定形式 核心：掌握情态动词被动语态的基本构成（情态动词+b叶过去分词）及否定形式（情态动词 +not+be+过去分词)，并能结合语境正确运用 真题1（语法填空）： This difficult problem can-(solve)by our teacher 答案：be solved 解析：情态动词can后接动词原形，被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，solve的过去分 词为solved,故填be solved。 真题2（单项选择）： The children shouldn't_(allow)to swim in the river alone.It's dangerous. A.allow B.be allowed C.allowed D.be allowing 答案：B 解析：情态动词shouldn't后接动词原形，且“孩子们”与“允许”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态， 其结构为“情态动词+not+be+过去分词”，allow的过去分词为allowed,故选B。 考法二：情态动词被动语态句式转换 4 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 核心：掌握情态动词被动语态的肯定、否定、疑问形式结构，能根据语境完成句式转换 真题1（句型转换)： This work can be finished today.(改为否定句) 答案：This work can not be finished today 解析：情态动词被动语态的否定形式为“情态动词+not+be+动词过去分词”，can的否定直接加 not,即can not。 真题2（单项选择)： -the homework be handed in today? A Must B Must to C Must be D Must is 答案：A 解析：情态动词被动语态的疑问形式为“情态动词+主语+b+动词过去分词”，将情态动词提前， 此处用Must符合结构。 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与特殊结构 核心：结合时态与情态动词判断被动语态结构，掌握不及物动词短语被动及主动表被动的特殊用法 真题1（单项选择)： This problem-by my teacher yesterday.You don't need to worry about it now. A.was solved B.solved C.can be solved D.is solved 答案：A 解析：主语“this problem”是动作“solve”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“yesterday” 可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was+过去分词”，solve的过去分词为solved。. 真题2（语法填空）： The old songs-(listen)to by many people these days because they bring back good memories. 答案：are listened 解析：主语“The old songs”是动作“listen to”的承受者，用被动语态；不及物动词短语“listen to” 变为被动时需保留介词to:由时间标志词“these days”可知用一般现在时被动语态，主语为复数， be动词用are,listen的过去分词为listened。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The old books_in the library every week. A cleans B is cleaned C are cleaned D cleaned 2.This story by my grandma when I was young. 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 A was told B is told C will be told D has been told 3.A new park-near our school next year. A builds B will build C will be built D has built 4.The homeworkalready.You don't need to worry. A finishes B has finished C has been finished D will be finished 5.This difficult questionby our teacher. A can answer B can be answered C is answered D was answered 6.Students_to use mobile phones in class.It's against the rules. A must not allow B must not be allowed C don't allow D aren't allowed 7.the meeting be held tomorrow morning? A May B May to C May be D May is 8.The broken window_by Tom yesterday. A repaired B was repaired C is repaired D will be repaired 9.These flowers_every day,or they will die. A must water B must be watered C watered D are watering 10.Your mistake_to your parents as soon as possible. A should tell B should be told C told D is told 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This song一(sing)by many people around the world.(一般现在时被动) 2.The letter一(write)by my brother last night..(一般过去时被动) 3.A new bridge一(build)over the river next month.(一般将来时被动) 4.All the tickets一(sel)out already.(现在完成时被动) 5.This problem一(can solve)with the help of a computer.(情态动词被动) 6.The children一(should not leave)alone at home..(情态动词被动否定) 7.一this book一(may take)out of the library?(情态动词被动疑间) 8.The classroom一(clean)by students every afternoon.(一般现在时被动) 9.The old house一(pul)down last year.(一般过去时被动) l0.The project一(must finish)before Friday.(情态动词被动) 演练三：语法填空（共10空） It is known that English_(1.speak)by people all over the world.In many schools,English_(2.teach) as an important subject.Last year,a new English contest(3.hold)in our school,and many students took part in it. 6 初中沪教上海版 【动词专项】 被动语态全解 Next month,a new English dictionary_(4.buy)for our class.All students_(5.allow)to use it. Teachers say the dictionary(6.help)us improve our English. Some students ask,"the dictionary_(7.keep)at home?"The answer is no.It-(8.must leave)in the classroom so that everyone can use it. So far,many useful books_(9.collect)in our classroom library.We believe that with these resources,our English_(10.learn)well soon. 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.A3.C4.C5B6.B7.A8B9.B10B 1.is sung 2.was written 3.will be built 4.have been sold 5.can be solved 6.should not be left 7.May,be taken 8.is cleaned 9.was pulled 10.must be finished 1.is spoken 2.is taught 3.was held 4.will be bought 5.will be allowed 6.can help 7.May,be kept 8.must be left 9have been collected 10.will be learned 7