词法 代词 人称代词主格、宾格 物主代词 形容词性、名词性 指示代词 不定代词 some any 等基础用法 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】代词：人称代词、物主代词、指示 代词、不定代词 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中词法中，代词是基础且重要的语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷 多个核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-4题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（基础考 察，影响句子指代准确性与简洁性)。在语境理解类题目中，人称代词的格、物主代词的词性及不 定代词的用法辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·人称代词：主格(I/you/he等)与宾格(me/you/him等)的句法功能辨析（作主语、宾语等） ·物主代词：形容词性(my/your/his等)与名词性(mine/yours/his等)的用法区别及替换规则 ·指示代词：his/that/these/those的指代对象（近指/远指、单数/复数）与语境匹配 。不定代词：some/any的基本用法（肯定句/否定句/疑问句）及常见搭配 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 1.人称代词（表示人或事物的代词） 。主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/it/we/they 。例句：She is a student.(她是一名学生) 。宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/them 。例句：He often helps me.(他经常帮助我) 2.物主代词（表示所属关系) ·形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/their ·例句：This is my book.(这是我的书) 。名词性（独立使用，相当于”形容词性物主代词+名词'）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 1 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。例句：The red pen is hers.(这支红色钢笔是她的) 3.指示代词（指示人或事物） ·常见指示代词：this(这个)hat(那个)/these(这些)hose（那些) ·例句：This is a cat..(这是一只猫)/Those are apples..(那些是苹果) 4.不定代词（表示不确定的人或事物） 。some(肯定句，表”一些”)：There are some books on the desk.(桌子上有一些书) ·any(否定句/疑问句，表”一些')：Are there any pens in the bag?(包里有钢笔吗？) 知识点二：代词分类及用法 1.人称代词（主格/宾格) ·主格（作主语，放句首） 第一人称：I(我)、we(我们) 第二人称：you(你/你们) 第三人称：he(他)、she（她)、it(它)、hey(他们/她们/它们) 例句： 1.I am a student.(I作主语，第一人称单数) 2.They play football every day.(They作主语，第三人称复数) ·宾格（作宾语，放动词/介词后） 第一人称：me(我)、us(我们) 第二人称：you(你/你们) 第三人称：him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、them(他们/她们/它们) 例句： 1.My mother loves me.(me作动词loves的宾语) 2.The teacher is talking to her..(her作介词to的宾语) 2.物主代词（形容词性/名词性) ·形容词性物主代词（后接名词，表所属) 第一人称：my(我的)、our(我们的) 第二人称：your（你的/你们的) 第三人称：his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、heir(他们的/她们的/它们的) 例句： 1.This is my book.(my后接名词book) 2 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.Their classroom is big..(their后接名词classroom) 。名词性物主代词（独立使用，相当于”形容词性物主代词+名词） 第一人称：mine(我的)、ours(我们的) 第二人称：yous(你的/你们的) 第三人称：his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的) 例句： 1.This book is mine.(mine =my book) 2.-Are these pencils yours?-Yes,they are ours.(yours=your pencils:ours=our pencils) 3.指示代词（指代人/物，表”这个/这些、那个/那些”） 。单数：his(这个，近指)、that(那个，远指) 例句： 1.This is a pen.That is a ruler.(this指近处的钢笔，that指远处的尺子) 。复数：hese(这些，近指)、those(那些，远指) 例句： 1.These are apples.Those are oranges.(these指近处的苹果，those指远处的橙子) 。用法提示：打电话时用his介绍自己，that询问对方；避免重复上文名词时可用hat/hose指代 单数/复数名词 例句： l.Hello!This is Tom speaking.Is that Mary?(打电话用语) 2.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(that指代不可数名词weather) 4.不定代词(some/any/no/every系列基础用法) ·some/any(表”一些'，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词) some:用于肯定句、表请求/建议的疑问句（希望得到肯定回答） any:用于否定句、疑问句、条件句 例句： 1.I have some books.(肯定句) 2.Do you need any help?(疑问句) 3.Would you like some tea?(表建议的疑问句) 4.He doesn't have any money..(否定句) ●no/hone(表没有) no:形容词，后接名词，相当于”nota/an”或”not any'” none:代词，可指人/物，后接of短语，回答how many/how much问句 3 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 例句： l.There is no water in the bottle..(no后接不可数名词water) 2.None of the students are from America.(none指人，后接of the students) ·evey/each(表每个") evey:强调整体，后接单数名词，作主语时谓语用三单 each:强调个体，可接单数名词或'of+复数名词/代词”，作主语时谓语用三单 例句： l.Every student has a dictionary.(强调整体学生) 2.Each of the boys has a toy car.(强调每个男孩个体) 知识点三：不定代词 1.some/any(基本用法) 。肯定句用some→例句：There are some books on the desk, 。否定句用any一例句：I don't have any brothers or sisters. ·疑问句用any→例句：Do you have any questions? 。特殊用法（希望得到肯定回答的疑问句用some)→例句：Would you like some coffee? 2.many/much（数量修饰) ·many修饰可数名词复数→例句：There are many students in the classroom ·much修饰不可数名词一例句：Idon't have much money. ·常用搭配：too many+可数名词复数→例句：There are too many people in the bus.. ·too much+不可数名词→例句：He drinks too much water. 3.few/a few/little/a little(表示数量) 。few表否定（几乎没有，修饰可数名词）→例句：He has few friends here. ·afew表肯定（有一些，修饰可数名词）→例句：I have a few pens in my bag ·little表否定（儿乎没有，修饰不可数名词）→例句：There is little milk in the bottle. 。a little表肯定（有一些，修饰不可数名词）→例句：She adds a little sugar to the tea. 4.other/another/the other/other's(指代用法) ·other+名词复数一→例句：We should help other people. ·another+单数名词（三者或以上中的另一个）→例句：I need another book, 。the other(两者中的另一个)→例句：I have two pens..One is red,the other is blue. ●others(泛指其他人/物)→例句：Some students like English,others like math. 4 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：人称代词主格与宾格辨析 核心：根据代词在句中充当的成分（主语或宾语），选择正确的主格或宾格形式 真题1（语法填空)： My brother often helps(I)with my math study. 答案：me 解析：此处代词作动词helps的宾语，应使用宾格形式，I的宾格是me。 真题2（单项选择）： -are good friends and often help each other. A.He andI B.Him and me C.I and him D.Me and he 答案：A 解析：句中代词作主语，需用主格形式：人称代词并列使用时，第三人称在前，第一人称在后，故 选He andI。 考法二：代词用法综合辨析 核心：结合人称代词主格/宾格、物主代词形容词性/名词性的用法规则，判断语境中代词的正确形 式 真题1（语法填空)： My brother is a good student.(He/Him)often helps(I/me)with my math. 答案：He:me 解析：第一空在句中作主语，用人称代词主格He:第二空在动词helps后作宾语，用人称代词宾格 me. 真题2（单项选择）： -Is this_(your/yours)pencil? -No,it isn't.(My/Mine)is in the pencil case. A.your;My B.yours:Mine C.your;Mine D.yours;My 答案：C 解析：第一空后接名词pencil,用形容词性物主代词your:第二空独立作主语，用名词性物主代词 Mine(相当于my pencil)。 考法三：代词综合辨析与语境应用 核心：结合人称代词、物主代词、指示代词及不定代词的分类，根据语境选择正确代词形式 真题1（单项选择）： -Is this your ruler? -No,it isn't.Maybe it's_ Amy his B mine her 5 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 Cmine his Dmy hers 答案：C 解析：第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词mine(相当于my ruler):第二空后无名词，用名词 性物主代词his(相当于his ruler),her为形容词性物主代词需接名词，故排除B、D,A项my为 形容词性物主代词不符合语法要求。 真题2（语法填空）： -Are therebooks on the desk? -Yes,_are some storybooks.You can borrow_if you like. 答案：any these them 解析：第一句为疑问句，用any表示”一些'；第二句指代近处复数事物用hese:第三句指代前文 books（复数)作宾语，用宾格hem。 解题小妙招 代词用法看成分，主格作主宾格宾： 物主代词分两类，形代名代要分清： 形代之后跟名词，名代独立能单用： some用于肯定句，请求建议也可行： any疑问否定用，句中成分要辨明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is my book and that is A.her B.hers C.she D.she's 2.My parents often help-with my homework A.I B.my C.me D.mine 3.-Are thereapples in the basket? -No,but there are_oranges A.some;any B.any,some C.some;some D.any;any 4.is a cat and_are dogs A.This;that B.These;those C.This;those D.These;that 5.The red bag isn't_.Maybe it's_ A.my,her B.mine;hers C.mine;her D.my;hers 6.Could you give mepens?I need to write notes A.some B.any C.a D.an 6 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 7.-Is thispencil case? -Yes,it's_ A.your;my B.yours;mine C.your;mine D.yours;my 8.My brother andoften play basketball.are good friends A.me;We B.I;Us C.me;Us D.I;We 9.There aren't_books on the desk.But there are_on the shelf A.some;any B.any;some C.some;some D.any;any 10.-Whose toys are these? -They are.bought them yesterday A.theirs;They B.their;Them C.theirs;Them D.their;They 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My mother is a teacher.(She/Her)works in a middle school. 2.This is not_(my/mine)pen.(My/Mine)is blue. 3.The children are playing games.I can see(they/them)in the park. 4.-Is there(some/any)milk in the fridge? -Yes,there is(some/any). 5.(This/These)are my new shoes.(That/Those)are my sister's. 6.Could you pass-(I/me)the ruler?-(I/Me)need it for drawing. 7.The cat is cute.(Its/It's)tail is black and white. 8.My friends and(I/me)are going to the zoo.(We/Us)will meet at 9 am. 9.There isn't_(some/any)water in the bottle.Please buy_(some/any). 10.-Whose bag is this? -It's_(her/hers).(She/Her)left it here this morning. 演练三：语法填空试题 My name is Lily.I have a good friend.-(He/His)name is Tom.We often go to school together.Tom has a dog.-(It/Its)is very lovely.-(This/These)days,we are learning about pronouns in English class. Yesterday,Tom asked me,"Is this book_(your/yours)?"I said,"No,it isn't_(my/mine).Maybe it's Mary's.(Her/Hers)book has ared cover."Tom looked at the book and said,"You're right!Let's give it to_(she/her).” On our way to Mary's classroom,we saw some students.Tom asked,"Do you have_(some/any)pencils? I need one to write a note."A girl gave him one.When we found Mary,she said,"Thank you!I lost my book yesterday.Here,have_(some/any)candies.They are_(my/mine)favorite." Now,Tom and I know that using pronouns correctly is important.-(We/Us)will practice more! 7 初中词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.C5.B6.A7.C8D9.B10.A 1.She 2.my;Mine 3.them 4.any;some 5.These;Those 6.me;I 7.Its 8.I;We 9.any;some 10.hers; She 演练三：1His2.It3.These4.yours5.mine6.Her7.her8.any9.some10.We P