基础词法复习：冠词、代词、介词、情态动词-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】基础词法复习：冠词、代词、介 词、情态动词 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，基础词法复习中的冠词、代词、介词、情态动词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量 的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择4-5题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空3-4题、书面 表达核心考察直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，冠词的泛指特指、代词的人称 指代、介词的固定搭配及情态动词的语气辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。冠词：不定冠词a/an的区别与泛指用法，定冠词the的特指、独指、上文提及等用法，零冠词的固 定搭配与场景 。代词：人称代词主格与宾格的句法功能，物主代词形容词性与名词性的转换，反身代词的固定搭配， 指示代词、不定代词(some/any,few/little等)的语境辨析 。介词：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/under等)、方式介词(by/with/in)的固定搭配与语义 区别，介词短语的整体运用 ·情态动词：can/may/must/.should等的基本词义与语气（能力、许可、推测、义务等），情态动词表推 测时的时态差异，情态动词+have done的用法 知识点一：基础词法复习：冠词、代词、介词、情态动词 1.冠词（限定名词，表泛指或特指） 1.分类及用法： 。不定冠词a/an(表泛指，a用于辅音音素开头单词前，an用于元音音素开头单词前) 。定冠词the(表特指、双方共知事物、独一无二事物等) ·零冠词（用于复数名词泛指、不可数名词泛指、专有名词等） 2.例句： 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。I have a book.(a表泛指，辅音音素开头) 。She is an honest girl.(an表泛指，元音音素开头) ·The sun is bright.(the表独一无二事物) ·Dogs are lovely animals..(零冠词，复数名词泛指) 2.代词（代替名词或名词性短语） 1.常见类型： 。人称代词（主格I/you/he/she/itwe/they;宾格me/you/him/her/it/us/them) 。物主代词（形容词性my/your/his/her/.its/our/their;名词性mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs) ●指示代词(this/that/these/.those) ●不定代词(some/any/many/much/few/little/something/anything等) 2.例句 ·He is my friend.(he为主格人称代词，my为形容词性物主代词) 。This is mine.(this为指示代词，mine为名词性物主代词) ●I have some books.(some为不定代词) 3.介词（连接名词/代词等与其他词，表时间、地点、方式等关系） 1.常见用法分类： 。时间介词(at/in/on/for/since等) ●地点介词(in/on/at/under/behind/beside等) 。方式介词(by/with/in等) 2.例句： ●Ve have class at8o'clock.(at表具体时间点) ●The book is on the desk.(on表物体表面接触的位置) ·He goes to school by bike.(by表交通方式) 4.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） 1.常见情态动词： ·can/could(能力/许可) ·may/might(许可/推测) 。must/have to(必须) 。should(建议) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 。will/would(意愿/将来) 2.例句： ●You can swim fast..(can表能力) ·May I come in?(may表许可) 。You must follow the rules.(must表必须) ·He should study hard.(should表建议) 知识点二：基础词法综合应用 1.冠词(a/an/the的用法与区别) 1.不定冠词a/an（泛指某类人或事物中的一个) ·a用于辅音音素开头的单词前：a book(一本书)、a university(一所大学，university以辅音音素 /开头) 。an用于元音音素开头的单词前：an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一小时，hour以元音音素/au/ 开头) 2.定冠词he(特指某类人或事物、双方都知道的人或事物、世界上独一无二的事物等) 。特指：The book on the desk is mine.(桌上的那本书是我的) 。双方皆知：Open the door,please..(请开门，双方都知道指哪扇门) ●独一无二：the sun(太阳)、the moon（月亮) 3.零冠词（不用冠词的情况） 。复数名词表示泛指：Cats like fish.(猫喜欢鱼，泛指所有猫) ·三餐、球类运动前：have breakfast(吃早餐)、play basketball(打篮球) 。学科名称前：We learn English at school..(我们在学校学英语) 2.代词（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词） 1.人称代词（主格作主语，宾格作宾语) ·主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they 。例句：She is a student.（她是一名学生，主格she作主语) 。宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them ●例句：My mother loves me..(我妈妈爱我，宾格me作宾语) 2.物主代词（形容词性物主代词后接名词，名词性物主代词独立使用) 。形容词性：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·例句：This is my pen.(这是我的钢笔，ny后接名词pen) 。名词性：mine,yours,,his,herS,its,ours,yours,,theirs 。例句：The red pen is mine.(红色的钢笔是我的，mine独立使用，相当于my pen) 3.反身代词（表示”某人自己”，常作宾语或同位语） 。单数：myself,yourself,,himself,herself,itself ·复数：ourselves,yourselves,themselves 。例句：He taught himself English.(他自学英语，himself作宾语) ·例句：She herself did the homework.(她自己做的作业，herself作同位语，强调'她自己”) 4.指示代词(this/that表单数，these/those表复数) 。近指：this(这个)，hese(这些) ·例句：This is a dog.(这是一只狗)、These are books.(这些是书) ●远指：that（那个)，those(那些) ●例句：That is a cat..（那是一只猫)、Those are pencils.（那些是铅笔) 3.介词（时间介词、地点介词、方式介词） 1.时间介词（at/in/on的区别) ·at用于具体时刻、年龄：at7o'clock(在7点)、at the age of12（在12岁时) ·imn用于年、月、季节、泛指上午/下午/晚上：in2023(在2023年)、in March(在三月)、in spring (在春天)、in the morning(在上午) 。on用于具体日期、星期几、具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上：on June 1st(在6月1日)、on Sunday (在周日)、on a rainy morning（在一个下雨的上午) 2.地点介词(in/o/at的区别) 。in表示在…内部：in the room(在房间里)、in China（在中国) 。on表示在…表面：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the wall(在墙上) ·at表示在小地点、具体位置：at the bus stop(在公交站)、at home(在家) 3.方式介词(by/with/in的区别) ·by表示”通过…方式/手段”，后接交通工具或动名词：by bus(乘公交车)、by reading books (通过读书) 。with表示'用…工具/身体部位”，后接具体工具：write with a pen(用钢笔写字)、see with eyes (用眼睛看) 。in表示”用…语言/材料”：in English(用英语)、in red(穿红色衣服) 4.情态动词（can/may/must/should的用法) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.cn（能，会；可以，表许可；否定式can't表”不能，不可能”) 。表能力：I can swim.(我会游泳) 。表许可：Can I borrow your pen?(我可以借你的钢笔吗？) ·表推测（否定）：He can't be at home.(他不可能在家) 2.may(可以，表许可；可能，表推测；否定式may not表”不可以，可能不”) ·表许可：You may go now.(你现在可以走了) 。表推测：It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨) 3.must（必须，一定；否定式mustn't表”禁止”，needn't表”不必”) ●表必须：You must finish your homework on time..（你必须按时完成作业) 。表推测（肯定）：He must be a teacher.(他一定是一名老师) ●表禁止：You mustn't park here.(你禁止在这里停车) 4.should(应该，表建议或义务) ·表建议：You should study hard.(你应该努力学习) ·表义务：We should help the old.(我们应该帮助老人) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.odo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·plan to do(计划做)→例句：She plans to visit her grandparents this weekend. ·hope to do(希望做)→例句：We hope to win the English competition. 。try to do(努力做)→例句：He tries to finish his homework on time. 。learn to do(学习做)→例句：The child learns to play the piano 。want to do(想要做)→例句：They want to go to the park tomorrow. 。decide to do(决定做)→例句：I decide to study harder next term 。ask sb.todo(要求某人做)→例句：The teacher asks us to read English every morning.. 。tell sb.todo(告诉某人做)→例句：Mly mother tells me to go to bed early. ·advise sb.todo(建议某人做)→例句：The doctor advises him to exercise more ·needto do(需要做)→例句：We need to buy some vegetables.. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。It's+adj.+todo(做某事是…的)→例句：It's important to learn English well. 5 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。too+adj.+todo（太…而不能做)一→例句：He is too young to drive a car.. 。enough+adj.+todo(足够…去做)→例句：She is old enough to go to school. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·enjoy doing(喜欢做)→例句：They enjoy playing basketball after school.. 。finish doing(完成做)→例句：I finish doing my homework at8p.m. ·be good at doing(擅长做)一例句：She is good at singing English songs.. 。be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)→例句：He is interested in reading science books. 。keep doing(持续做)一→例句：The rain keeps falling all day. ·practice doing(练习做)→例句：We practice speaking English every class. ·mind doing(介意做)→例句：Do you mind opening the window? ·avoid doing(避免做)→例句：He tries to avoid making mistakes. ·suggest doing(建议做)一例句：The teacher suggests having a class meeting ·spend time doing(花费时间做)一→例句：I spend two hours doing my homework every day.. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： ·look forward to doing(期待做)→例句：We look forward to meeting you soon. 。give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up smoking for his health. 。be used to doing(习惯做)→例句：She is used to getting up early. 3.do(动词原形) 1.使役动词+do(中考核心)： ·let sb.do(让某人做)→例句：Let him help you with the work ·make sb.do(使某人做)→例句：The story makes us laugh. 。have sb.do（让某人做)→例句：My father has me clean the room. 2.感官动词+do(中考易错)： ·see sb.do(看见某人做某事全过程)→例句：I see her walk to school every day.. 。hear sb.do(听见某人做某事全过程)→例句：We hear him sing in the next room. 。watch sb.do(观看某人做某事全过程)→例句：They watch the children play games. 。notice sb.do(注意到某人做某事全过程)→例句：She notices the boy run past the door. 解题小妙招 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 冠词用法妙招 特指双方都熟悉，上文已经提到过： 世上独一无二物，方位乐器和江河： 复数泛指不可数，学科球类三餐前： 季节星期月份节，固定搭配零冠词： 辅音开头用a,元音音素an加。 情态动词与非谓语妙招 情态动词表语气，后接原形莫忘记： want hope decide,todo不定式跟上去： enjoy mind finish,doing形式要牢记； see hear watch sb do,被动to字要补齐： tell ask order sb,todo不定式莫迟疑； spend time(in)doing,固定搭配记心里。 语法综合应用妙招 冠词先辨特泛指，独一无二he来指： 时态先找时间词，过去in1946用过去时： 被动看主谓关系，承受动作be加done: 非谓语要记搭配，to do doing各不同； 感叹句what how,名词短语what来导，an/a紧跟形容词后。 考法精析 考法一：冠词用法辨析 核心：根据名词是否特指、是否为可数名词单数及开头音素，选择正确的冠词(a/an/he)或零冠词 真题1（语法填空)： There is_"u”and_”s'in the word"us” 答案：an 解析：字母”u”发音以辅音音素ju/开头，用不定冠词a:字母s发音以元音音素/es/开头，用不 定冠词an。 真题2（完形填空)： -sun rises in_east and sets in west. A.A thethe B.The thethe C.The a a D./thethe 答案：B 解析：”sun”是独一无二的事物，用定冠词the:”east”和west”为方位名词，前面需加定冠词the。 7 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法二：情态动词与非谓语动词搭配 核心：根据语境选择合适的情态动词，后接动词原形：结合非谓语动词固定搭配（如want to do, enjoy doing等)判断动词形式 真题1（语法填空）： You_(should/can)try_(leamn)English by watching movies. 答案：should learn 解析：should表建议，后接动词原形ty:tryto do为固定搭配，意为”努力做某事'，故第二空填to learn。 真题2（单项选择)： My mother often tells metoo much time_computer games. A.don't spend playing B.not to spend playing C.not spend to play D.to not spend play 答案：B 解析：tell sb.not to do sth.为固定搭配，意为”告诉某人不要做某事”，排除A、C、D:spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为”花费时间做某事”，故第二空填playing。 考法三：冠词、代词、介词与非谓语动词的综合填空 核心：结合语境选择合适的冠词、代词、介词，并正确使用非谓语动词的不同形式(todo/doing/do) 真题1（单项选择）： My mother advised me_more time reading books instead of playing _computer games. A.to spend:/B.spending:the C.to spend:the D.spending:/ 答案：A 解析：第一空考查非谓语动词，”advise sb.to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为”建议某人做某事”，故用 to spend:第二空考查冠词，”play computer games”为固定短语，球类、棋类、游戏等名词前通常用 零冠词，故不填冠词。 真题2（语法填空）： She is interested in _(learn)English and often practices with_(she)friends after school.Theyusually meet atlibrary near their home. 答案：learning;her;the 解析：第一空考查非谓语动词，be interested in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为”对做某事感兴趣，故 用learning:第二空考查代词，修饰名词friends需用形容词性物主代词，she的形容词性物主代词 为her:第三空考查冠词，此处特指'他们家附近的图书馆'，表特指用定冠词the。 8 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.My brother often practicesbasketball after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 2.We finish our homework before 9 p.m.every day. A.must B.may C.can D.would 3.A new hospitalin our city last year. A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built 4.There is_"h"and"u"in the word"hour". A.a;an B.an;a C.a;a D.an;an 5.My mother tells metoo much sugar. A.not eat B.to not eat C.not to eat D.don't eat 6.He_TV when his father came back yesterday. A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.was watching 7.It's important English well. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 8.The girl was seen_in the park just now. A.run B.runs C.ran D.to run 9.Wehere for five years. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live 10.-I use your dictionary? -Sure,here you are. A.Must B.Should C.May D.Will 演练二：填空 9 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 1.She usually_(go)to school at 7:30 a.m. 2.This isinteresting book.I want to read it again. 3.The room_(clean)by my sister yesterday. 4.My father advised me_(exercise)every morning. 5.We enjoy_(listen)to music in our free time. 6.He(not finish)his homework yet. 7.There are some books the desk. 8.You(should)be late for class.It's not good. 9.The students_(play)basketball on the playground now. 10.It's too cold outside.You need _(wear)a warm coat. 演练三：语法填空 Last Sunday,I went to_park with my friends.We planned_(have)a picnic there.When we arrived, some children-(fly)kites happily.A girl was seen-(run)after a kite,and her mother was watching her with a smile. At noon,we sat under a big tree and began our picnic.My friend Lucy(bring)some sandwiches,and I shared my favorite fruits.We talked and laughed,and time(pass)quickly. In the afternoon,we decided(play)games.Suddenly,it started to rain.We had to run to a nearby shelter. While we(wait)for the rain to stop,a kind old man gave us umbrellas. Although the rain stopped our picnic,we still had a great day.I learned that-(help)others can make everyone happy.This experience(teach)me the importance of friendship and kindness.I hope I(visit) the park again soon! 10