复合句复习：宾从、定从、状从、名从-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】复合句复习：宾从、定从、状从 名从 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，复合句复习是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题 型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构 复杂度与逻辑连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，宾语从句的连接词选择、定语从句的关系词指代及状 语从句的逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·宾语从句：连接词(that、if/whether、特殊疑问词)的选用，陈述语序的遵循，时态与主句的呼应 。定语从句：关系代词(which、that、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的辨 析，限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别 。状语从句：时间状语从句(when、while、as等引导词)、条件状语从句(if、unless等引导词)、原 因状语从句(because、.since等引导词)、结果状语从句(so.that.、such.that..等结构)的用法与 语境匹配 ·名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的连接词选用及基本结构，与主句的逻辑关系 知识点一：复合句的四大类型及用法 1.宾语从句（充当宾语，位于及物动词/介词后） 1.引导词：that(陈述句，可省略)、if/whether(一般疑问句)、特殊疑问词(what/when/how等) 2.例句： 。I think(hat)she will come tomorrow.(that引导陈述句作宾语，可省略) ●He asked if I had finished my homework.(if引导一般疑间句作宾语) 2.定语从句（修饰名词/代词，充当定语) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.引导词：关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose,指代先行词并在从句中作成分)、关系副词(when/where/why, 在从句中作状语) 2.例句： 。This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指代物，在从句中作宾语) ·The girl who is standing there is my sister..(who指代人，在从句中作主语) 3.状语从句（修饰动词/形容词/副词，表时间、地点、原因、条件等） 1.常见类型：时间状语从句(when/while/as,当…时)、条件状语从句(if/unless,如果/除非)、原 因状语从句(because/since,因为/既然) 2.例句： ·I will call you when I arrive.(when引导时间状语从句) 。If it rains tomorrow,.we will stay at home.(if引导条件状语从句) 4.名词性从句（充当名词，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 1.主语从句（位于句首作主语）：What he said is true.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语) 2.表语从句（位于系动词后作表语）：The problem is how we can solve it..(how引导表语从句) 3.同位语从句（解释说明先行名词）：The news that he won the prize surprised us.(that引导同位语从句， 解释news的内容) 知识点二：复合句核心类型及用法 1.宾语从句（在句中作宾语，常跟在动词、形容词或介词后) 1.连接词： ·hat(陈述句，可省略) ·if/whether(一般疑问句，“是否”) ●特殊疑问词(what/who/when/where/why/how,特殊疑问句) 2.语序规则：必须用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他” 3.例句： 。She said(that)she would visit Beijing next month.(陈述句作宾语，that可省略) 。Idon't know if he will come to the party..(一般疑间句作宾语，用if表“是否”；语序为“he will come”而非“will he come”) 2 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is??(特殊疑问句作宾语，用where:语序为“the nearest hospital is”而非“is the nearest hospital”) 4.时态一致： ·主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 。主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完 成时) 5.例句： ●He knows that I have finished my homework.(主句一般现在时，从句现在完成时) ·She asked if Tom was playing football at that time.(主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时) 2.定语从句（修饰名词或代词，作定语，通常位于被修饰词后) 1.关系代词（指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语）： 。who(指人，作主语/宾语) ·whom(指人，作宾语，可省略) 。which(指物，作主语/宾语) 。hat(指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替代who/which,但非限制性定语从句中不可用) 。whose(指人物，作定语，…的”) 2.关系副词（指代时间、地点或原因，在从句中作状语）： ·when（指时间，相当于“介词+which”) 。where(指地点，相当于“介词+which”) 。why(指原因，相当于“for+which”,只修饰reason) 3.例句： 。This is the girl who helped me yesterday.(who指人，作从句主语，修饰先行词the girl) ·The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.(which/that指物，作从句宾语，可省 略，修饰先行词the book) ·I still remember the day when we first met.(when指时间，作从句状语，修饰先行词the day) 。This is the house where he lived last year.(where指地点，作从句状语，修饰先行词the house) 3.状语从句（修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、原因、 条件、目的、结果、让步、比较等) 1.时间状语从句（引导词：when/while/as(当…时)、unti/till(直到…)、as soon as(一…就… )、before/after(在…之前/之后) 2.例句：I was reading a book when he came in.(when引导，主句过去进行时，从句一般过去时) 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.原因状语从句（引导词：because/since/as(因为）、now that(既然) 4.例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill.(because引导，回答why提问) 5.条件状语从句（引导词：if(如果）、unless(除非，如果不)、as long as(只要) 6.例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if引导，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时表将来) 7.让步状语从句（引导词：though/although(虽然，尽管）、even if/though(即使)) 8.例句：Though he is young,he knows a lot.(though引导，不可与but连用) 4.名词性从句（在句中起名词作用，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同 位语从句，此处重点补充除宾语从句外的类型) 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） ·引导词：that/whether/what/who/when/where/why/how ·例句：What he said is true.(what引导，what在从句中作宾语)/It is true that he said that.(it作 形式主语，hat引导真正主语从句) 2.表语从句（在句中作表语，位于系动词后） ●引导词：that/whether/what/who/when/.where/why/how/asif(好像) ·例句：The problem is how we can solve it..(how引导，说明主语the problem的内容) 3.同位语从句（解释说明前面名词的具体内容，常用名词：fact/news/idea/.promise等） ●引导词：that(不可省略)whether ·例句：We heard the news that our team won the game..(that引导，解释news的具体内容，that在 从句中不作成分) 知识点三：名词性从句 l.主语从句(Subject Clause) 1.基础引导词及用法（中考必背）： ·That引导（陈述事实，that可省，但若从句位于句首则不可省）→例句：That she passed the exam made her parents happy. 。What引导（在从句中作主语/宾语/表语，表“…的事物”）→例句：What he said is very important. 。Whether引导（表“是否”，不可用if替换，位于句首时）→例句：Whether we will go hiking depends on the weather ·How/When/Where/Why引导（表方式/时间/地点/原因）→例句：How we can solve the problem is still unknown. 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.宾语从句（Object Clause) 1.基础引导词及用法（中考核心）： ·That引导（陈述句作宾语，that可省）→例句：I think(hat)English is useful, 。If/Whether引导（一般疑问句作宾语，表“是否”）→例句：He asked if/whether we would come to the party ·What/Who/Whom/Which/Whose引导（特殊疑问句作宾语，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语）→例句： She doesn't know what she should buy 。How/When/Where./Why引导（特殊疑问句作宾语，表方式/时间/地点/原因）→例句：Can you tell me where the nearest hospital is? 2.语序及时态（中考易错）： 。陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语→例句：He asked how old I was..（误：how old was I) ·时态一致：主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理用一般现在时）→例句：She said she would visit Beijing./The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 3.表语从句(Predicative Clause) 1.基础引导词及用法（中考常考）： ·That引导（陈述句作表语，that不可省）→例句：The fact is that he has never been to Shanghai. ·What引导（在从句中作主语/宾语/表语）一→例句：My wish is what I can become a doctor. 。Whether引导（表“是否”，不可用if替换）一例句：The question is whether we can finish the work on time ·How/When/Where/Why引导（表方式/时间/地点/原因）→例句：This is how we solved the problem 。As if/As though引导（表“好像”）→例句：It seems as if it is going to rain 4.同位语从句（Appositive Clause) 1.基础引导词及用法（中考拓展）： ·That引导（解释说明先行词的具体内容，先行词多为抽象名词如fact,news,idea,plan等)→例 The news that our team won the game made us excited. 。Whether引导（表“是否”，先行词多为question,doubt等）→例句：I have no idea whether he will come tomorrow ·How/When/Where/Why引导（表方式/时间/地点/原因，先行词多为idea,plan,problem等）→例 We discussed the question how we could improve our study. 考法精析 考法一：宾语从句连接词选择 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：根据宾语从句的类型（陈述句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问句），选择恰当的连接词(that//if/whether/特 殊疑问词) 真题1（单项选择)： I don't know_he will come to the party tomorrow. A.that B.if C.what D.how 答案：B 解析：从句为一般疑问句“他明天是否会来派对”，表示“是否”用if/whether,此处选B。 真题2（语法填空)： She asked me I usually went to school in the morning 答案：how 解析：从句为特殊疑问句，询问“如何上学”，保留疑问含义用特殊疑问词how,符合“连接词+ 陈述句语序”规则。 考法二：宾语从句引导词与语序综合判断 核心：根据主句动词和从句类型，选择正确引导词并确保从句用陈述句语序 真题1（语法填空)： Could you tell me-the nearest post office is?I need to send a letter. 答案：where 解析：从句询问地点，用特殊疑问词whre引导；且需用陈述句语序“连接词+主语+谓语”，符 合要求。 真题2（单项选择)： She asked meI had finished my homework A.that B.if C.what D.where 答案：B 解析：主句动词asked表疑问，从句为一般疑问句“是否完成作业”，用if引导表“是否”，符合宾 语从句引导词规则。 考法三：复合句类型辨析与引导词选择 核心：区分宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句（主语/表语/同位语从句）的结构特征， 根据语境选择正确引导词 真题1（单项选择）： The teacher told us-the earth goes around the sun. A.if B.that C.what D.when 答案：B 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：此处为宾语从句，从句“the earth goes around the sun”是客观真理，用hat引导且不可省略： if表“是否”，what在从句中需作成分，when表时间，均不符合语境。 真题2（语法填空)： This is the schoolI studied three years ago.We have many sweet memories here. 答案：where 解析：先行词“school”表地点，从句“I studiedthree years ago”中不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词 where作地点状语，相当于“in which”。 解题小妙招 宾语从句解题妙招 连接词选择看类型，陈述用that疑用if/whether,.特殊疑问词照原意： 语序必须是陈述，连接词后主谓序，切勿倒装记心里： 时态一致要注意，主句过去从随过，客观真理用一现，主现从需看语境。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.I wonder_they will arrive at the station. A.that B.if C.what D.who 2.The girl is wearing a red dress is my cousin. A.which B.who C.where D.when 3.He asked meI usually have breakfast in the morning. A.how B.that C.if D.who 4.This is the park-we met for the first time. A.which B.who C.where D.when 5.She said she would help me with my English. A.if B.that C.what D.why 6.-he will come to the party depends on his parents'permission. A.That B.If C.Whether D.What 7.The news_our team won the game made everyone excited. A.that B.which C.who D.where 8.I will call youI finish my homework A.because B.if C.when D.although 7 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 9.Could you tell me_the nearest library is? A.what B.where C.how D.when 10.He didn't go to school yesterdayhe was ill. A.so B.because C.if D.but 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.Do you know一（是否）we will have a test tomorrow? 2.The book(which/that/who)I borrowed from the library is very interesting 3.She asked me一I usually go to school.(用how/when/where填空，选其一) 4.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.that/if/whether) 5.This is the reason_he was late for class.(用why/when/where填空) 6.Idon't know_he will come back.(用when/what/who填空) 7.The girl is standing at the door is my sister.who/which/where) 8.He made a promise_he would study hard.(用that/what/whether填空) 9.We will go to the zoo it doesn't rain tomorrow.if/unless/because) 10.-he said at the meeting surprised everyone.What/That/Whether) 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my weekend.Last Saturday,I visited themuseum-(1)my father usedto work. The guide told us_(2)the museum was built in 1950.I saw many old things,_(3)made me very excited. On Sunday,I met my friend Lily.She asked me(4)I could help her with her math homework.I agreed, and we studied together for two hours.Lily said(5)she would buy me a gift as thanks. Now,I'm thinking about_(6)we should go for a picnic next week.My mother suggested a park-(7) has a lake.I hope_(8)the weather will be good. By the way,do you know_(9)the summer vacation starts?My parents and I plan to travel to Beijing.I heard(10)the Great Wall is very beautiful.I can't wait! Best wishes, Li Ming P 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.B 演练二：1.whether2.which/that3how4.that5.why6.when7.who8.that9.if10.What 演练三：1.where2.that3.which4.if/whether5.that6.where7.which/that8.that9.when 10.that