动词的时态与被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】动词的时态与被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，动词的时态与被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影 响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的构成（含肯定句、否定句、疑问 句)及时间状语匹配 。被动语态：各时态被动结构(am/is/are+done,was/were+done,will be+done,have/has been-+done)的 转换规则与语境选择 知识点一：动词的时态与被动语态 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实） 。主动语态结构：主语+动词原形动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） 例句：She often reads books in the library. ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 例句：This book is read by many students 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·主动语态结构：主语+动词过去式 例句：He visited the Great Wall last year. ·被动语态结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 例句：The Great Wall was visited by him last year. 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） 。主动语态结构：主语+will/shall+动词原形或主语+an/is/are going to+动词原形 例句：They will have a picnic tomorrow./She is going to buy a new dress. 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·被动语态结构：主语+wil/shall be+动词过去分词或主语+an/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 A picnic will be had by them tomorrow./A new dress is going to be bought by her. 4.现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作） ·主动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 例句：She is singing a song now. ·被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 例句：A song is being sung by her now 5.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作） ·主动语态结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 例句：They were playing basketball at4p.m.yesterday. 。被动语态结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 例句：Basketball was being played by them at4p.m.yesterday. 6.现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去一直持续到现在的动作） ·主动语态结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 例句：I have finished my homework already. ·被动语态结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 例句：My homework has been finished by me already. 7.被动语态的基本用法（强调动作的承受者或动作本身，不知道或不必提及动作的执行者） ·基本结构：be+动词过去分词(be动词的形式随时态变化) 例句：The letter was written by Tom.(强调信被写，执行者是Tom)/Many trees are planted every year.(强调种树这一动作，不必提及执行者) 知识点二：动词时态与被动语态的特殊用法及易错点 1.情态动词的被动语态 ●结构：情态动词(can/may/must/should等)+be+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.The work must be finished today. 2.This book can be borrowed from the library. 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 。感官动词(see/hear/watch/feel等)主动语态：see sb.do sth.(强调全过程)；被动语态：sb.be seen to do sth.(还原to) 例句：主动：I saw her go out.被动：She was seen to go out by me. 2 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。使役动词(make/1et/have)主动语态：nake sb.do sth.:被动语态：sb.be made to do sth.(还原to) 例句：主动：The teacher made him stand up.被动：He was made to stand up by the teacher. 3.时态的混淆辨析 ·一般过去时与现在完成时：一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现在无关：现在完成时强调过 去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。 例句对比：He lived here in20l0.(一般过去时)/Ie has lived here since20l0.(现在完成时) 。过去进行时与一般过去时：过去进行时强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去时强调过去 发生的短暂动作。 例句对比：I was reading a book when the doorbell rang 4.被动语态的特殊结构 ·不及物动词无被动语态：如happen(发生)、appear(出现)、arrive(到达)等 例句：The accident happened yesterday. 。主动形式表被动意义：某些动词（如sell/wash/clean等）后接副词时，用主动表被动 例句：This kind of shirt sells well 5.将来时的其他表达 ·be to do sth.(按计划或安排将要做某事) 例句：The meeting is to start at3p.m.tomorrow. ●be about to do sth.(即将做某事，不与具体时间状语连用) 例句：We are about to leave when it began to rain. 知识点三：动词的时态与被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 ·结构：am/is/are+动词过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： 1.表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作→例句：English is spoken by many people around the world. 2.客观事实或普遍真理→例句：The Great Wall is visited by millions of tourists every year. 3.主语是动作的承受者→例句：The classroom is cleaned by students every day. 。特殊考点（中考易错）： 1.主动语态表被动含义（感官动词/系动词+adj.)→例句：The food tastes delicious.. 2.不及物动词无被动语态→例句：The sun rises in the east. 2.一般过去时的被动语态 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·结构：was/were+动词过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： l.过去发生的被动动作→例句：The letter was written by my brother yesterday. 2.带有明确过去时间状语→例句：The bridge was built in2000. 3.主语为动作承受者→例句：Many trees were planted last spring, 。句式转换（中考核心）： l.否定句：was/were+not+过去分词→例句：The work wasn't finished on time. 2.疑间句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词→例句：Were you invited to the party? 3.一般将来时的被动语态 ·结构：will be+动词过去分词/an/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： l.将来发生的被动动作→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 2.计划或安排好的被动事件→例句：The meeting is going to be held in the hall. 3.带有将来时间状语→例句：The book will be translated into Chinese soon, 。特殊结构（中考常考）： l.情态动词+be+过去分词（表推测/能力）→例句：The problem can be solved easily. 2.双宾语被动语态（将间接宾语变主语）→例句：I was given a gift by my friend, 4.现在完成时的被动语态 ·结构：have/has been+动词过去分词 。基础用法（中考必背）： l.动作已完成且对现在有影响→例句：The work has been finished already.. 2.带有for/since'”时间状语→例句：This house has been lived in for 10 years.. 3.强调被动动作的结果→例句：Many trees have been planted here, 。句式转换（中考易错）： l.否定句：have/has+not+been+过去分词一→例句：The letter hasn't been sent yet, 2.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词一→例句：Has the project been completed? 解题小妙招 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 将来被动'will be'',最后加上一个done。 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构及时态匹配 核心：根据动作发生的时间和语境，判断被动语态中be动词的正确形式（体现时态）及动词过去 分词的使用 真题1（语法填空）： Many trees_(plant)in our city last spring. 答案：were planted 解析：由时间标志词'last spring'”可知，动作发生在过去，被动语态结构为”was/were+过去分词'； 主语'Many trees'”为复数，be动词用were,plant的过去分词为planted。 真题2（单项选择）： A new library-in our school next year. A.builds B.will be built C.is building D.was built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词'next year'”可知，动作发生在将来，被动语态结构为”will be+过去分词'，build 的过去分词为built,故选B。 考法二：主动语态与被动语态转换 核心：根据句子语境及动作关系，将主动语态句子转换为被动语态句子，需注意时态一致性及动词 过去分词正确形式 真题1（句型转换)： People grow rice in the south of China.(改为被动语态) Rice in the south of China. 答案：is grown 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，主语'rice”是动作承受者，被动语态结构为”am/is/ae+动词过 去分词'：主语为不可数名词，be动词用is,grow的过去分词为grown。 真题2（单项选择)： Many trees_on the hill last year. A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted 答案：C 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：由时间标志词last year”可知用一般过去时，主语”trees”是动作承受者，被动语态结构 为'was/were+动词过去分词'：主语为复数，be动词用were,plant的过去分词为planted。 考法三：时态与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合时间状语判断时态，根据动作关系确定主动或被动语态，掌握不同时态被动语态的结构 及特殊用法（如情态动词被动、感官/使役动词被动还原o) 真题1（单项选择)： A new bridge_over the river now.Workers say it_in three months. A.is built will finish B.is being built will be finished C.is building will be finished D.is being built will finish 答案：B 解析：第一空由时间标志词”now”可知用现在进行时，主语”a new bridge”是动作'build的承受者， 需用现在进行时被动语态”is being built”;第二空由'in three months'可知用一般将来时，主语”it'指 桥，是动作'finish'”的承受者，用一般将来时被动语态”will be finished''。 真题2（语法填空）： The classroom_(clean)every day.We must_(keep)it tidy.Look!Some students-(clean)it now. 答案：is cleaned keep are cleaning 解析：第一空由”every day”可知表日常习惯，主语'the classroom”是动作”clean'”的承受者，用一般 现在时被动语态”is cleaned';第二空”must”后接动词原形keep”;第三空由'now”可知用现在进行 时，主语”some students'”是动作执行者，主动语态结构为'are cleaning”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.Englishby many people around the world. A.speak B.speaks C.is spoken D.was spoken 2.A new park in our neighborhood next month. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.built 3.My homework_yet.I need to finish it quickly A.hasn't finished B.hasn't been finished C.isn't finished D.wasn't finished 4.Listen!A beautiful song_in the music room. A.is singing B.is being sung C.was sung D.sings 5.The students_to take notes carefully in class yesterday A.told B.were told C.are told D.tell 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.This bookby Lu Xun.It's very popular. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 7.The meeting-at 3 p.m.yesterday,so I missed it. A.was held B.is held C.will be held D.holds 8.These problems_easily if you follow the teacher's advice. A.can solve B.can be solved C.solve D.solved 9.When I arrived,the dishes-by my mother. A.have been cooked B.were being cooked C.are cooked D.cook 10.A lot of trees_in the park every spring to make it greener. A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.will plant 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.The letter-(write)by Tom an hour ago. 2.Vegetables_(sell)in this market every morning. 3.A new bridge_(build)over the river now. 4.The room_(clean)by my sister before I came back. 5.This question_(can answer)in five minutes. 6.Many stories_(tell)by my grandma when I was young. 7.Your bike_(must not leave)here.It's dangerous 8.The project_(finish)by the end of this month 9.I(give)a new dictionary on my birthday last year. 10.The game_(watch)by millions of people on TV tonight. 演练三：语法填空（共10空) Every year,thousands of books_(publish)around the world.Some of them_(read)by people of all ages.Last month,a famous writer visited our school.He told us that his first novel(write)when he was 25."Good books_(keep)forever,"he said. Right now,the school library_(renovate).Workers_(paint)the walls and new bookshelves(install). By next week,the library_(open)to students again.Students_(allow)to borrow up to 5 books at a time. A reading competition_(hold)in our school next month.All students_(encourage)to take part in it. 7 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3B4.B5.B6D7.A8B9B10.C 1.was written 2.are sold 3.is being built 4.had been cleaned 5.can be answered 6.were told 7.must not be left 8.will be finished 9.was given 10.will be watched 1.are published 2.are read 3.was written 4.are kept 5.is being renovated 6.are painting 7.are being installed 8.will be opened 9.will be allowed 10.will be held