动词的时态及被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】动词的时态及被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，动词的时态及被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的25%左右，贯穿试卷 所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考 察，直接影响句子时态准确性与语态合理性)。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间标志词识别、主 动与被动语态的转换逻辑往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。时态应用：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的基本结构与语境匹配 。被动语态：主动语态与被动语态的转换，不同时态下被动语态的构成与用法 知识点一：动词的时态及被动语态 1.动词的时态（表示动作发生的时间和状态) 1.一般现在时（经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实）： 。结构：主语+动词原形第三人称单数 。例句 1.She plays tennis every Sunday. 2.The sun rises in the east. 2.一般过去时（过去发生的动作或状态）： 。结构：主语+动词过去式 ●例句：He visited the Great Wall last year. 3.一般将来时（将来发生的动作或状态）： 。结构：wil/shall+动词原形：be going to+动词原形 ·例句： 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 2.They are going to have a party this weekend. 4.现在进行时（正在进行的动作）： 。结构：主语+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词 ●例句：They are playing basketball now. 5.过去进行时（过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）： ·结构：主语+be(was/wre)+动词现在分词 ●例句：She was reading a book at8p.m.yesterday. 6.现在完成时（过去发生并持续到现在的动作或对现在造成的影响）： ●结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 。例句：I have lived here for five years.. 2.被动语态（强调动作的承受者，由be+动词过去分词”构成） 1.一般现在时被动语态： 。结构：主语+aum/is/are+动词过去分词 ●例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.一般过去时被动语态： ●结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 。例句：The letter was written by her yesterday. 3.一般将来时被动语态： ·结构：主语+will be+动词过去分词：主语+be going to be+动词过去分词 ·例句：The project will be finished next week. 4.现在完成时被动语态： ●结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 。例句：The work has been completed. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态： ●结构：情态动词+be+动词过去分词 ●例句：This book can be borrowed from the library. 知识点二：时态与被动语态的特殊用法及易错点 1.情态动词的被动语态 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 结构：情态动词(can/may/must/should等)+be+动词过去分词 例句： l.The work must be finished before Friday.(must be+finished,必须被完成) 2.This book can be borrowed from the library.(can be+borrowed,可以被借) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 1.感官动词(see/hear/watch等)： ●主动语态：seeb.do sth.→被动语态：sb.be seen to do sth.(主动省to,被动还原to) ·例句 主动：We often see him play basketball..→被动：He is often seen to play basketball. 2.使役动词(make/let/have): ●主动语态：nake sb.do sth.→被动语态：sb.be made to do sth.(被动还原to) 。例句： 主动：The teacher made her clean the classroom.→a被动：She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 3.时态的辨析与误用 1.一般过去时Vs现在完成时： ·一般过去时：强调过去动作本身，与现在无关（时间标志词：yesterday,last week等） 例句：He went to Beijing last year.(仅说明去年去过，现在是否在不确定) ·现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在（时间标志词：for,since,.already等） 例句：HIe has lived in Beijing for5 years.(从过去持续到现在，现在仍在北京) 2.一般现在时Vs现在进行时： 。一般现在时：表常态、规律(always,usually等) 例句：She usually gets up at6:00a.m. 。现在进行时：表此刻正在进行（now,at the moment等) 例句：She is getting up now.(此刻正在起床) 4.被动语态的特殊结构 1.不及物动词无被动语态（如happen,appear,.die等） 例句：The accident happened last night.(不能说：The accident was happened..) 2.主动形式表被动意义（常见动词：sell,write,wash等，常与wel/easily连用） 例句：This pen writes well.(这支笔好写，表被动含义) 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.带双宾语的被动语态（间接宾语可作主语，直接宾语保留：或直接宾语作主语，间接宾语前加to/fo) 例句： ·He gave me a book.→I was given a book by him.(间接宾语me作主语) ●He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.(直接宾语a book作主语，加to) 知识点三：动词的时态及被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 1.结构：am/is/are+动词过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： ·表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作→例句：English is spoken by many people around the world. 。描述客观事实或普遍真理→例句：The Great Wall is visited by millions of tourists every year. 。主语是动作的承受者→例句：This song is often played on the radio, 3.常见搭配（中考常考）： 。be made of/from(由…制成)→例句：The table is made of wood.. ·be used for(a被用于)→例句：Knives are used for cutting things. 。be done by(被…做)→例句：The work is done by my brother. 2.一般过去时的被动语态 1.结构：was/were+动词过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： 。表示过去发生的被动动作一→例句：The bridge was built in2000. 。主语是过去动作的承受者一→例句：My bike was stolen yesterday ·与时间状语连用(yesterday,.last week等)→例句：The meeting was held last Monday 3.句式转换（中考易错)： 。否定句：was/were+not+过去分词→例句：The letter was not sent by her.. ●一般疑间句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词→例句：Was the book written by Lu Xun? 3.一般将来时的被动语态 1.结构：will be+动词过去分词/am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： 。表示将要发生的被动动作一例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。计划或安排的被动事件→例句：The party is going to be held in the park 。带有情态动词的被动(can/may/must+be done)→例句：This work must be finished on time. 3.时间标志词（中考常考)： ●tomorrow,next month→例句：An English test will be given next Friday. 。in+时间段→例句：The problem will be solved in two days. 4.现在完成时的被动语态 1.结构：have/has been+动词过去分词 2.基础用法（中考必背)： 。表示过去发生并持续到现在的被动影响→例句：This movie has been watched by millions of people. ·强调被动动作的完成→例句：The homework has been finished by Tom. ·与already/yet/ever连用一例句：Has the letter been sent yet'? 3.常见误区（中考易错)： ·瞬间动词的被动转换（如buy→be bought)→例句：The book has been bought for two weeks.(错 误，需用延续性动词) ●正确表达：The book has been kept for two weeks. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构辨析 核心：根据动作发生的时间和语境，判断被动语态的时态，选择正确的be动词形式及动词过去分 词 真题1（语法填空）： The classroom(clean)every day.It looks very tidy. 答案：is cleaned 解析：由时间标志词'every day”可知，动作经常性发生，用一般现在时被动语态：主语为单数，be 动词用is,clean的过去分词为cleaned。 真题2（单项选择）： A new bridgelast year. A.build B.was built C.will be built D.is building 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词'last year'可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为was/were +过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。. 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法二：被动语态的时态转换 核心：根据语境中的时间提示，将主动语态句子转换为对应时态的被动语态 真题1（句型转换)： People grow rice in the south of China.(改为一般过去时被动语态) 答案：Rice was grown in the south of China. 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，改为一般过去时被动语态需将”grow'变为”was grown”（主语 rice为不可数名词，be动词用was)。 真题2（单项选择)： A new bridgeover the river next year. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.is built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'next year'”可知用一般将来时，桥是被建造的，故用一般将来时被动语态”will be built''。 考法三：时态与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，根据动作承受者确定被动语态，掌握不同时态被动语态的结构 (一般现在时m/is/are+过去分词：一般过去时was/were+过去分词：一般将来时will be+过去分词： 情态动词+be+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： The old photos_by my father when he was young.They_in the box for over 30 years. A.took were kept B.were taken have been kept C.are taken will be kept D.were taking are kept 答案：B 解析：第一空主语'photos”是动作take”的承受者，用被动语态，时间标志词'when he was young' 表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态”were taken';第二空时间标志词for over30 years”表从过去持续 到现在，主语they'是动作keep”的承受者，用现在完成时被动语态have been kept'”。 真题2（语法填空)： A new bridge_(build)here next year.It_(must finish)before the summer holiday.Local people are looking forward to it. 答案：will be built must be finished 解析：第一空时间标志词next year''表将来，主语bridge”是动作build'的承受者，用一般将来时 被动语态'will be built'';第二空有情态动词”must”,被动语态结构为”must be+过去分词”，finish的 过去分词为”finished'。 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓'，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动'am/is/are'”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being'”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 将来被动will be'”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The classroomevery day.It looks very tidy. A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.was cleaned 2.Anew bridgelast year. A.build B.was built C.will be built D.is building 3.Rice_in the south of China. A.grows B.is grown C.was grown D.will be grown 4.This book_by a famous writer last year. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written 5.A new park-here next year. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.is built 6.The problem -soon. A.solves B.is solved C.was solved D.is going to be solved 7.Books_from the library. A.can borrow B.can be borrowed C.borrowed D.are borrowing 8.The letterby her yesterday. A.writes B.wrote C.was written D.is written 9.The work_on time. A.must finish B.must be finished C.finishes D.finished 10.More trees in the park next month. A.plant B.will plant C.will be planted D.are planting 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.The door_(open)by my brother every morning 7 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.Many trees_(plant)last year. 3.The work(must finish)today. 4.This book_(can borrow)from the library. 5.The meeting _(hold)tomorrow morning. 6.The window_(break)by Tom yesterday. 7.English(speak)by many people around the world. 8.The project_(finish)next week. 9.The room_(should keep)clean 10.The work_(complete)already. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Schools are important places for students.Every day,classrooms 1-(clean)by cleaners to keep them tidy.Last year,a new library 2_(build)in our school.Now,many books 3_(can borrow)from it.Next month,a sports meeting 4_(hold)on the playground.Students say they 5_(excite)about it. Last week,our homework 6_(check)by the teacher.She said most of it was good.English 7_(teach)in our school every day.Our teacher often tells us,"English 8_(use)all over the world.It 9_(learn)well if you work hard.” Look!The classroom door 10_(open)now.Our classmates are coming in. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.D5.C6D7B8.C9B10.C 1.is opened 2.were planted 3.must be finished 4.can be borrowed 5.will be held 6.was broken 7.is spoken 8.will be finished 9.should be kept 10.has been completed 1.are cleaned 2.was built 3.can be borrowed 4.will be held 5.are excited 6.was checked 7.is taught 8.is used 9.can be learned 10.is being opened P