动词不定式复习-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】动词不定式复习 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，动词不定式是动词模块的高频考点，考频占动词语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 结构规范性与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，动词不定式作宾语、状语及与疑问词连用的用法 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与特征：to+动词原形的构成形式，省略to的特殊情况（如使役动词let/make/have、感官 动词see/hear/feel等后作宾补) 。句法功能：作主语(It作形式主语的句式)、宾语（接不定式的常用动词如want/hope/decide等）、宾 语补足语(ask/tell/teach等动词后的宾补结构)、定语（修饰名词时的后置用法）、状语（表目的、结 果、原因) 。固定搭配与句型：“疑问词+不定式”结构，to0.to.、enough to do、It's+adj.+todo等常用句型，及 不定式的被动式(to be done)和完成式(to have done)的应用 知识点一：动词不定式的基本构成及功能 1.基本构成(to+动词原形) 1.肯定式：todo→例句：She wants to study English.(她想学习英语) 2.否定式：not to do→例句：He told me not to open the door.(他告诉我不要开门) 3.省略to的情况：情态动词后(can/may/must等)、使役动词后(let/make/have)、感官动词后(see/hear/watch 等)→例句：I can swim./Let him go./I saw her dance. 2.句法功能 1.作主语：To learn a foreign language is useful..(学习一门外语很有用)→注：常用it作形式主语，即 It is useful to learn a foreign language. 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.作宾语：She hopes to travel around the world.(她希望环游世界)→常见接不定式作宾语的动词： want/hope/decide/plan/try 3.作表语：My dream is to be a scientist..(我的梦想是成为一名科学家) 4.作定语：I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做)→注：不定式作定语时需后置，修饰前面 的名词 5.作状语：He got up early to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班车)→表目的：She was surprised to hear the news.(听到这个消息她很惊讶)→表原因 知识点二：动词不定式的基本用法及搭配 1.作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念） 1.结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分（通常用t作形式主语，真正主语后置） 2.例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(直接作主语) 2.It is important to learn English well.(it作形式主语，to learn.为真正主语) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、ty(尝试)、plan(计 划)、agree(同意)、learn(学习) 2.例句： 1.She wants to buy a new pen.(want to do sth.) 2.They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(decide to do sth.) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、invite(邀请)、 allow(允许) 2.结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+to+动词原形（部分感官动词如see,hear等在主动语态中省略to, 被动语态需还原to) 3.例句： 1.My mother tells me to finish homework first.(主动语态，to保留) 2.I saw him run in the park.（主动语态，感官动词see后省略to) 3.He was seen to run in the park.(被动语态，还原to) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表即将发生的动作或用途） 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.位置：置于被修饰名词之后 2.例句： 1.I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,表“要做的作业”) 2.She needs a pen to write with.(to write with修饰pen,表“用来写字的笔”，注意不及物动词后 需加介词) 5.作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） l.表目的（常置于句首或句末，可译为“为了"”）例句：He gets up early to catch the first bus..（为了赶 上早班车) 2.表结果（常与only连用，表意外结果）例句：She hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (结果发现火车已经开走了) 6.与疑问词连用（构成“疑问词+odo”结构，作主语、宾语或表语） 1.常见疑问词：what,how,when,here,which 2.例句： 1.Idon't know how to solve this problem.(作宾语) 2.The question is where to go tomorrow.(作表语) 7.常见固定搭配 1.动词+介词+动名词（注意区分：有些动词后接不定式，有些接动名词，初中阶段需重点记忆）易 混点对比： ·want to do sth.(想要做某事)vs.enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事) ·decide to do sth.(决定做某事)vs.practice doing sth.(练习做某事) 2.”It's+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”(对某人来说做某事是…的，adj.修饰事物)例句：It's easy for me to answer this question. 3.”It's+adj.+ofsb.to do sth”（某人做某事是…的，adj.修饰人品质)例句：It's kind of you to help me 知识点三：动词不定式的时态与语态变化 1.不定式的一般式(todo) 1.主动形式：表示动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生→例句：He hopes to visit Paris next year. (他希望明年去巴黎旅游。) 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.被动形式：to be done,表示不定式动作承受者一例句：The work needs to be finished by Friday.(这 项工作需要在周五前完成。) 2.不定式的进行式(to be doing) 1.用法：表示动作与谓语动词动作同时进行，强调动作正在发生→例句：He seems to be reading a book in the library.(他似乎正在图书馆看书。) 3.不定式的完成式(to have done) 1.用法：表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前一例句：She is said to have gone to London.(据说她已经 去伦敦了。) 4.不定式的否定形式(not to do) 1.用法：在不定式符号to前加not→例句：He told me not to be late for class.(他告诉我上课不要迟 到。)→例句：It's important not to waste time.（不要浪费时间很重要。) 5.疑问词+不定式结构（中考常考） 1.用法：what,how,when,where,.which等疑问词后接不定式，构成名词性短语→例句：Idon'tkow how to solve this problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题。)→例句：She hasn't decided where to go for vacation.(她还没决定去哪里度假。) 考法精析 考法一：动词不定式作宾语补足语省0情况辨析 核心：根据动词类型（使役动词/感官动词），判断不定式作宾补时是否省略o 真题1（语法填空）： I saw her_(dance)in the park yesterday. 答案：dance 解析：感官动词see后接不定式作宾补时省略to,此处表示动作全过程，用动词原形dance。 真题2（完形填空)： My mother often makes me the dishes after dinner. A.to wash B.wash C.washing D.washed 答案：B 解析：使役动词make后接不定式作宾补时省略to,结构为”make sb.do sth.”,故选动词原形wash。 考法二：动词不定式作宾语与宾语补足语的辨析 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：根据动词后的结构（直接接不定式或接”宾语+不定式”），判断不定式是作宾语还是宾语补 足语 真题1（语法填空)： My teacher often tells us _(read)more books in our free time. 答案：toread 解析：句中动词”tells”后接了宾语”us”,不定式to read”补充说明宾语"us”的动作，因此此处为不 定式作宾语补足语，结构为”tell sb.to do sth.”。 真题2（单项选择)： She hopes_the concert next month A.to attend B.attending C.attend D.her to attend 答案：A 解析：动词hope”后直接接不定式作宾语，结构为hope to do sth.”,表示”希望做某事”：hope sb. to do sth.”为错误表达，因此正确答案为A。 考法三：动词不定式的综合运用（含句法功能及被动语态) 核心：结合动词不定式的句法功能（如作宾语、宾补）及被动语态中不定式符号o的还原规则，判 断语境中不定式的正确形式 真题1（单项选择)： The teacher told us-so much noise in the library. A.not make B.to not make C.not to make D.don't make 答案：C 解析：tell后接不定式作宾补，结构为”tell sb.to do sth.”,否定形式为'tell sb.not to do sth.”,故选C。 真题2（语法填空)： It's important for us_(learn)English well.Many foreigners are heard(speak)Chinese now. 答案：to learn;to speak 解析：第一空为It's+ad.+for sb.to do sth.”结构，用不定式作真正主语：第二空hear在被动语态 中需还原不定式符号to,故填to speak。 解题小妙招 不定式解题妙招 感官使役接宾补，省to要用动词原： 宾与宾补看结构，直接跟to是宾语，宾后todo是宾补： 句法功能辨成分，主宾宾补定状明： 主语句首或t替，宾补常随动词后： 否定not加to前，固定搭配要记牢。 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.To learn English wellimportant for students. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2.My mother often tells me_too much time on computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 3.He wants the Great Wall with his friends next summer. A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited 4.We saw a girl in the park yesterday afternoon. A.dances B.danced C.to dance D.dance 5.It's necessary breakfast every morning. A.have B.to have C.having D.has 6.Could you please tell me this math problem? A.how solve B.how to solve C.solving D.solve 7.The teacher asked Tom_late for class again. A.not be B.don't be C.not to be D.to not be 8.She is the first student to school today A.come B.to come C.coming D.came 9.They ran quicklycatch the early bus. A.so B.but C.to D.for 10.My brother made me_the room alone yesterday. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.She hopes_(visit)her grandparents next weekend 2.It is easy_(answer)this question 3.My father told me(not swim)in the river. 4.We need a pen(write)with. 5.Let him_(help)you with your homework. 6.He doesn't know what(buy)for his mother's birthday. 7.The girl was happy(see)her old friend. 8.I have no time(play)basketball today. 9.To tell the truth,I want(be)a teacher in the future. 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 10.The boy is old enough_(go)to school. 演练三：语法填空 Tom is a student in Grade 8.He loves English and wants 1-(learn)it well.Every morning,he gets up early 2(read)English aloud.His teacher often tells him,"It's important 3(practice)speaking every day” One day,Tom's mother asked him 4(buy)some milk on his way home.He was happy to help,but he didn't know which store 5_(choose).A kind old man taught him how 6(find)the nearest supermarket. Tom thanked him and ran there quickly. In the store,he saw a little girl crying.He decided 7(help)her.The girl said she couldn't find her mother.Tom told her 8(stay)calm and took her to the store's information desk.Soon,the girl's mother came.She was very glad 9(see)her daughter safe. Tom went home late,but his mother didn't blame him.She said,"It's good 10(help)others.You did the right thing.” Tom felt happy because he could use his English to help people and practice what he learned. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.D5B6.B7.C8B9.C10.A 1.to visit 2.to answer 3.not to swim 4.to write 5.help 6.to buy 7.to see 8.to play 9.to be 10.to go 1.to learn 2.to read 3.to practice 4.to buy 5.to choose 6.to find 7.to help 8.to stay 9.to see 10.to help 7