Unit 3 Building Bridges 现在完成时-2025-2026学年九年级英语下册语法知识点全解（教科版五四制）

初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】现在完成时 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三教科版（五四制）中，现在完成时是重点语法模块，考频占时态总量的25%左右，贯穿试卷核 心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 时间关系表达与语境准确性。在语境理解类题目中，现在完成时与一般过去时的区分、for/sice时 间状语搭配及have/has been to/.in的用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 1.(待补充) 知识点一 1.(待补充) 知识点二：现在完成时的核心用法与易错点 1.基本概念与核心标志 1.核心含义 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（影响性）：或动作从过去开始持续到现在（持续性） 2.关键时间标志词 影响性：already(肯定句句中/句末)、yet(否定句/疑问句句末)、just(刚刚，句中入、recently(最 近) 持续性：for+时间段(for two weeks/three years)、since+时间点(since2018/since last month/.since he came here)、so far(到目前为止)、in the past few years(在过去儿年里) 2.主动语态重点突破 1.结构公式 主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.影响性用法例句 She has just eaten lunch.(刚吃过午饭，现在不饿》 Have you finished the book yet?(是否完成对现在有影响) 3.持续性用法例句 We have lived in this city for 10 years.(从过去持续到现在) He has studied English since he was6 years old.(since+过去时间点) 4.易错点提示 瞬间动词（如buy,die,start)不可与for/since连用，需转换为延续性动词： x He has bought the car for 2 years. √He has had the car for2 years.(buy-→have) 3.被动语态专项训练 1.结构公式 主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 2.典型例句 This novel has been translated into 10 languages.(强调结果) The classroom has been cleaned already.（影响现在状态) 3.特殊结构 不及物动词（如Iive,work)用于被动时需保留介词： The old house has been lived in by his family for generations.(live in不可省略in) 4.高频考点对比 1.现在完成时vs一般过去时 现在完成时：I have seen this movie.(对现在的影响：知道剧情) 一般过去时：I saw this movie last week.(仅说明过去动作，与现在无关) 2.for/since的区分运用 for+时间段：They have waited for2 hours. since+-过去时句子：They have waited since the rain started, 5.中考真题演练 1.选择填空 -How long-you_this school? —For three years. A.have;come to B.have;been in C.did;come to (答案：B,come为瞬间动词需转换为bein) 2.句型转换 He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句) He hasn't finished his homework yet..(already→yet,肯定→否定) 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：现在完成时的基本结构与时间标志 1.基本结构 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 →例句：I have finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。) 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasm't+过去分词 →例句：She hasn't visited Beijing yet..(她还没去过北京。) 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ →例句：as he read this book?(他读过这本书吗？) 2.时间标志词（中考必背) l.already(已经，用于肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten dinner. 2.yet(还，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you finished your work yet? 3.ever(曾经，用于疑问句)→例句：Have you ever been to Shanghai? 4.never(从不，用于否定句)→例句：I have never seen such a beautiful place. 5.just(刚刚)一例句：He has just left the classroom. 6.for+时间段（持续多久）→例句：They have lived here for five years.. 7.since+过去时间点/从句（自从…以来)→例句：She has studied English since20l8. 3.用法拓展（中考易错) 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态 →例句：My brother has been a teacher for ten years. 2.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 →例句：I have lost my key,soI can't open the door. 3.与'It's the first time+that从句”连用（从句用现在完成时） →例句：It's the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.. 考法精析 考法一：现在完成时时间标志词应用 核心：根据句中时间标志词(for+时间段/since+时间点/already/yet/.just/so far等)，判断是否使用现 在完成时并正确填写动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： 3 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 We_(learn)English since 2018.It's our favorite subject now. 答案：have learned 解析：由时间标志词“since2018”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语为we,助 动词用have,lern的过去分词为learned. 真题2（单项选择)： -Have you finished your homework_? -Not yet.I need ten more minutes. A already B yet Cjust D so far 答案：B 解析：由否定回答“Not yet'”及句末位置可知，疑问句中用yet表示“已经”，符合现在完成时不确 定时间状语的用法。 考法二：现在完成时与一般过去时对比应用 核心：通过时间状语或语境逻辑，区分现在完成时（强调与现在关联）和一般过去时（强调过去特 定时间)的使用场景 真题1（语法填空)： 一_you(see)the movie"The Wandering Earth”yet? -Yes.I(watch)it with my brother last weekend. 答案：Have seen;watched 解析：第一句由'yet”可知用现在完成时，结构为Have/Has+过去分词'；第二句由'last weekend 可知用一般过去时，watch的过去式为watched。 真题2（单项选择)： My grandparents-in this village since 1980,and they-here when they got married. A.lived;moved B.have lived;moved C.have lived;have moved D.lived:have moved 答案：B 解析：前半句由”since 1980,可知动作持续到现在，用现在完成时have lived';后半句'when they got married'表示过去特定时间，用一般过去时”moved'。 考法三：现在完成时主动被动转换及与其他时态对比应用 核心：结合语境判断现在完成时主动/被动语态转换，区分与一般过去时的时间关联差异，掌握瞬 间动词与延续性动词转换规则 真题1（单项选择)： 4 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 -How long-the old temple-by local people? -For over 100 years.It_last month because of the storm. A.has;been visited;damaged B.have;visited;was damaged C.has;been visited;was damaged D.did;visit;damaged 答案：C 解析：第一句根据'For over 100 years'”可知用现在完成时，主语'”temple'”是动作承受者需用被动语 态，结构为has been visited'';第二句由'last month”可知用一般过去时，主语'It'与”damage'”是被 动关系，用'was damaged?。 真题2（语法填空)： The bridge-(build)since 2020 and it-(complete)last week.Local people-(use)it for three days already. 答案：has been built,was completed;have used 解析：第一空由”since2020可知用现在完成时，主语bridge'”是动作承受者，填has been built'”;第 二空由"last week”可知用一般过去时被动语态，填'was completed';第三空由'for three days',可知 用现在完成时主动语态，填have used'。 解题小妙招 时间标志是关键，for段since点要牢记： already用于肯定句，yet在疑问否定末： just刚刚so far到目前，这些标志要分明。 强调关联用现完，特定过去用一般： since短语常现完，过去时间用一过。 主动结构have/has+done,被动have/has been done; 影响持续看语境，区分现完和一过： 句型转换莫慌张，助动词have/has提句首。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.We_in this school for three years. A learn B learned Chave learned Dwill learn 2.-Have you finished your homework_? -Yes,I did it an hour ago. A already B yet Cjust D so far 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.My father_to Beijing twice.He loves the city very much. A goes B went Chas gone D has been 4.Tom_the book since last Monday,and he hasn't finished it yet. Areads B read Chas read Dis reading 5.一_you_the new park? -Yes,I went there with my family last weekend. A Do visit B Did visit C Have visited D Will visit 6.The old man-for ten years.People still miss him. A died B has died C has been dead D was dead 7.-When-youthis computer? -Last month.It works well now. A do buy B did buy Chave bought D will buy 8.So far,our teacher-us 20 English songs.They are all beautiful. A teaches B taught Chas taught D will teach 9.Imy keys.I can't find them anywhere A lose B lost Chave lost Dwill lose 10.These photos-by my sister in the mountains last summer. A take B took C are taken D were taken 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She(live)in Shanghai since she was born. 2.We_(not finish)our project yet.We need more time. 3.-you ever_(visit)the Great Wall?It's amazing 4.My mother_(cook)dinner for an hour.It will be ready soon 5.He_(just leave)the office.You can call him later. 6.The students_(learn)500 new words so far this term. 7.They_(move)to this neighborhood in 2020.They like it here. 8.The film(begin)ten minutes ago.Don't be late. 9.We(study)English for six years.It's getting easier now. 10.My brother_(not see)the movie before.Let's watch it together. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） A Special Trip Last summer,I went to Guilin with my parents.It was my first time there,but I_(hear)about its beautiful 6 初三下册教科版（五四制） 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 mountains and rivers many times before.My father_(plan)the trip for two months,and everything was perfect. On the first day,we visited the Li River.The water was so clear that we(see)fish swimming in it.A local guide toldus the river-(be)a popular tourist spot for over 100 years.In the evening,we tried Guilin rice noodles.My mother said she_(never taste)such delicious food before. The next day,we climbed Xiangbi Mountain.I was tired,but I_(not stop)until I reached the top.From there,the whole city_(look)like a picture.My father_(take)many photos since we arrived.He said he _(show)them to his friends when we went back home. This trip_(teach)me a lot about nature and culture.I hope I can visit Guilin again someday! 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3D4.C5.C6.C7B8.C9.C10D 1.has lived 2.haven't finished 3.Have;visited 4.has been cooking 5.has just left 6.have learned 7.moved 8.began 9.have studied 10.hasn't seen 1.hadheard 2.had planned 3.could see 4.had been 5.had never tasted 6.didn't stop 7.looked 8.had taken 9.would show 10.taught 7