Unit 3 Yang LiWeis Mission to Space 一般过去时被动语态-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（教科版五四制）

初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】一般过去时被动语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 教科版（五四制）8下Uit3中，一般过去时被动语态是重要语法点，考频占语法总量的15%左右， 涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达 (基础考察，影响句子结构正确性)。在语境理解类题目中，一般过去时被动语态的构成及用法辨析 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ●一般过去时被动语态：基本结构、核心用法、句式转换 知识点一：一般过去时被动语态核心用法 1.核心结构 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 (主语单数/不可数用was,复数用were) 例句： The spaceship was sent into space in 2003. .Many photos were taken during the mission. 2.否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+动词过去分词 例句： The launch wasn't delayed by bad weather. Those experiments weren't finished on time. 3.疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词？ 例句： 1 初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 Was Yang Liwei's flight reported all over the world? .Were the scientific data collected successfully? 2.时间标志词（与一般过去时主动语态共用） ·yesterday(昨天)、last month(上个月)、in2003(在2003年)、three days ago(三天前)、at that time (在那时) 例句： A speech was given by him last Monday. The news was spread quickly two hours ago. 3.动词过去分词规则变化 1.一般情况：加-ed(如：watch-→watched,visit-→visited) 2.以e结尾：加-d(如：like→liked,move→noved) 3.辅音+y结尾：变y为i加-ed(如：study-→studied,cary-→carried) 4.重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构）：双写尾字母加-ed（如：stop一→stopped,.plan→planned) 例句： The letter was typed by my sister. The window was dropped on the floor. 4.不规则动词过去分词（初中核心5个） 。go→gone,do→done,see→seen,take-taken,.make→made 例句： The problem was done by the students. Some stones were taken back from the moon. 5.句式转换（以主动句He finished the task yesterday.”为例） 1.主动→被动：The task was finished by him yesterday.. 2.被动句提问（对by him提问）：Who was the task finished by yesterday? 3.被动句否定：The task wasn't finished by him yesterday. 2 初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：一般过去时被动语态 1.基本结构 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词 →例句：Yang Liwei was chosen to be an astronaut in 1998. 2.否定句：主语+was/were+not+及物动词过去分词 一例句：The spaceship wasn't launched until2003 3.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词过去分词？ →例句：Was the mission completed successfully? 2.用法拓展（中考必背) 1.强调动作承受者（不知道或无需说明执行者） →例句：A new space station was built in2020, 2.动作执行者由by引出（需明确执行者时） →例句：The speech was given by the astronaut yesterday. 3.科学事实或历史事件的客观描述 →例句：Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China 3.特殊句式（中考易错) 1.含情态动词的被动：情态动词+be+过去分词 →例句：The problem should be solved immediately. 2.主动表被动的感官动词(look/sound/smell/taste/feel) →例句：The spacesuit felt comfortable. 3.固定搭配：be worth+过去分词（值得被…） →例句：This book is worth reading. 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were'”; 进行被动要用being'',完成被动'have/has/had been'”; 将来被动will be",最后加上一个done。 3 初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：基本结构与单复数应用 核心：根据主语单复数选择was/were,正确书写动词过去分词 真题1（语法填空)： The first space station _(build)in 1971. 答案：was built 解析：主语”the first space station”为单数，用was:build的过去分词为built。 真题2（单项选择)： Many experiments_(do)by astronauts during the mission last month. A was done B were done C did D do 答案：B 解析：主语'many experiments”为复数，用were:do的过去分词为done,构成被动语态。 考法二：主动被动转换与句式改写 核心：将主动语态句子转换为一般过去时被动语态，掌握单宾语、双宾语结构的被动转换规则 真题1（语法填空）： Scientists_(develop)the spaceship in 2003.-The spaceship(develop)by scientists in 2003. 答案：developed;was developed 解析：第一空由主动语态和时间状语'in2003”可知用一般过去时，develop的过去式为developed; 第二空被动转换，主语为单数，be动词用was,develop的过去分词为developed。. 真题2（句子改写)： They gave Yang Liwei a medal after the mission.(改为被动语态) Yang Liwei was given amedal after the missionAmedal was given to Yang Liwei after the mission 解析：双宾语结构被动转换，可将间接宾语Yang Liwei”作主语，结构为”was given a medal”;或将 直接宾语”A medal''作主语，结构为'was given to Yang Liwei”。 考法三：一般过去时被动语态的综合应用与转换 核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，掌握被动语态基本结构及主动被动句式转换，灵活运用规则及 不规则动词过去分词 真题1（单项选择)： Many photosduring the mission three days ago. A.take B.took C.were taken D.are taken 4 初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案：C 解析：主语“many photos”是动作“take”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词“three days ago”可知，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为复数，结构为“were+过去分词”，tae的过去分词为taen。 真题2（语法填空）： The problem _(do)by the students yesterday. 答案：was done 解析：主语“the problem”是动作“do”的承受者，用被动语态：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知， 用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was,do的过去分词为done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The spaceshipinto space in 2003 A was sent B were sent C sent D sends 2.Many experimentsby scientists last year. A was done B were done C did D do 3.Yang Liwei"China's first astronaut"by people. A called B was called C is called D calls 4.The rocket_at 9 a.m.yesterday. A was tested B was being tested C tested D is tested 5.A medal to Yang Liwei after his mission. A gave B was given C gives D is given 6.Whenthe spaceship launched? A was B were Cis Dare 7.The report by the scientist himself. A wasn't written B weren't written C didn't write D doesn't write 8.The spaceship-carefully before launch. A should check B should have checked C should have been checked D should be checked 9.They Yang Liwei a prize.Yang Liweia prize A gave;was given B gave;gave C were given;gave D were given;was given 10.The experiments_yesterday. A completed B were completed Cwere being completed D are completed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The first space station(build)in 1971 5 初中教科版（五四制）8下Unit3 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.Three satellites(send)into orbit last month 3.Yang Liwei(train)for many years before the mission. 4.The mission(not complete)until 2003. 5.A speech_(give)by the astronaut yesterday. 6.When(be)the rocket tested? 7.The spaceship(not damage)during the flight. 8.The data_(collect)by the team last week. 9.He(select)as an astronaut in 1998. 10.The news(report)all over the world. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Shenzhou V,China's first manned spaceship,(launch)on October 15,2003.Yang Liwei,the astronaut, (send)into space and(orbit)the Earth 14 times.Before the launch,he(train)strictly for many years. During the flight,many scientific experiments(do).The whole mission(complete)successfully,and Yang Liwei_(praise)as a national hero.After he returned,a medal-(give)to him by the government. The spaceship(check)carefully before launch,and no problems_(find). 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3B4.A5B6.A7.A8.C9.A10.B 1.was built 2.were sent 3.was trained 4.wasn't completed 5.was given 6.was 7.wasn't damaged 8.was collected 9.was selected 10.was reported 1.was launched 2.was sent 3.orbited 4.was trained 5.were done 6.was completed 7.was praised 8.was given 9.was checked 10.were found 6