Unit 1 Jennys Winter Space Camp 情态动词 could 表过去的能力-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（教科版五四制）

教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】情态动词could表过去的能力 Unit 1 Jenny's Winter Space Camp 考频分析 教科版（五四制）7下中，情态动词could表过去的能力是基础语法点，考频占情态动词考点的15% 左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（词义猜测题中涉 及)。在语境理解类题目中，could表示过去具备的能力这一用法是区分与can的核心解题依据。 知识点一：情态动词could的用法 1.表过去的能力（过去能够做某事，现在可能不再具备该能力） 1.基本结构 ·肯定句：主语+could+动词原形 ·否定句：主语+couldn't/could not+动词原形 ●疑问句：Could+主语+动词原形？ 2.例句 ·She could swim when she was five years old.(她五岁时会游泳。) ·They couldn't speak English fluently last year.(他们去年不能流利地说英语。) ●Could you ride a bike at the age of six?(你六岁时会骑自行车吗？) 2.表委婉请求（用于过去的语境中，比can更客气礼貌，回答用could/couldn't 或can/can't) 1.基本结构 。Could+主语+动词原形+其他？ 2.例句 ·Could you help me carry the box yesterday?(昨天你能帮我搬箱子吗？) 。一Could he borrow your pen this morning?(今天早上他能借你的钢笔吗？) 一Yes,he could./No,he couldn't.(是的，他可以。/不，他不可以。) 1 教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.表推测（对过去情况的可能性推测，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句和否定句) 1.基本结构 ●肯定推测：主语+could+have+动词过去分词（表示“过去可能做了某事”） 。否定推测：主语+couldn't+have+动词过去分词（表示“过去不可能做了某事”） 2.例句 ·He could have finished the work on time,but he was ill..(他本来可能按时完成工作的，但他生病 了。) ·She couldn't have gone to Beijing,because I saw her in the library just now.(她不可能去北京了，因 为我刚才在图书馆看见她了。) 知识点二：情态动词could表过去的能力 1.基本用法（核心含义） 表示过去具备某种能力，意为“（过去）能：会”，强调过去有能力做某事但未必实际做了。 →例句：She could swim when she was five years old.(她五岁时就会游泳了。) →例句：My grandfather could speak three languages in his youth.(我祖父年轻时会说三种语言。) 2.句式转换（基础语法) 1.肯定句：主语+could+动词原形+其他 →例句：I could ride a bike at the age of six. 2.否定句：主语+couldn’t/could not+动词原形+其他 →例句：He couldn't play the piano last year. 3.一般疑问句：Could+主语+动词原形+其他？ -→例句：Could you cook when you lived alone? 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+could+主语+动词原形+其他？ →例句：What could they do when they were in the countryside? 3.易混点辨析（中考易错) 1.与can的区别：can表现在的能力，could表过去的能力 →现在：She can dance well now.（她现在跳舞很好。) 一过去：She could dance well when she was young.(她年轻时跳舞很好。) 教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.与be able to的区别：could强调过去具备能力，be able to更强调通过努力成功做到某事（过去时态 用was/were able to) →能力：He could speak English at that time.(他那时会说英语。) →结果：He was able to finish the work on time yesterday.(他昨天成功按时完成了工作。) 3.注意：could表过去能力时，没有人称和数的变化，所有人称后均用could →错误：She coulds swim fast.. →正确：She could swim fast. 解题小妙招 could用法妙招 过去能力看时间，was/were/ago是关键； 现在能力用can,过去能力could换： 委婉请求could用，动词原形跟后面： 过去请求问could,否定回答couldn't: could后接动词原，时态一致记心间； can表现在could过，语境转换别弄错。 考法精析 考法一：could表过去能力的判断与运用 核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断是否表示过去具备的能力，正确使用cod及否定形式 couldn't 真题1（语法填空)： Tom(can)ride a bike when he was seven years old,but now he_(can)ride very well. 答案：could;can 解析：由时间标志词“when he was seven years old”可知，第一空表示过去的能力，用could;第二 空由“now”可知表示现在的能力，用can。 真题2（单项选择)： Sheswim fast two years ago,but now she can't. A.can B.could C.may D.must 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“two years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，表达过去的能力用could,故选B。 考法二：could与can的用法对比及情景应用 核心：区分could和can在表示能力时的时间差异，以及could在过去委婉请求场景中的运用 真题1（语法填空)： 3 教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 Jenny-(can)sing well when she was six,but now she_(can)not because of a sore throat. 答案：could:can 解析：第一空根据时间标志词“when she was six”可知表示过去的能力，用could:第二空根据“now” 可知表示现在的能力，用can。 真题2（单项选择)： -you help me with my homework yesterday? 一Soy,I,I was busy. A.Can;can't B.Could;couldn't C.Can;couldn't D.Could;can't 答案：B 解析：根据时间标志词“yesterday”可知是过去的委婉请求，用Could提问，否定回答用couldn't。 考法三：情态动词could的综合应用与语境判断 核心：结合过去能力、委婉请求及推测用法，根据时间标志词和语境准确使用coud的不同功能及 句式转换 真题1（单项选择)： -you answer the phone for me yesterday?I was busy cooking. -Sorry,I.I was taking a shower then A.Can;can't B.Could;couldn't C.Could;can't D.Can;couldn't 答案：B 解析：问句中”yesterday”表明是过去场景的委婉请求，用Could开头；答句根据then”(当时)可 知是过去无法提供帮助，用couldn't回应。 真题2（语法填空）： The little girl(can)play the piano at the age of four,but now she(can)not because ofher hand injury. Her mother said,"She(can)have won the competition last week if she practiced more." 答案：could;can:could 解析：第一空”at the age of four'”表过去能力，用could;第二空"now'表现在情况，用can:第三 空'last week'”表对过去事情的可能性推测，用could have done结构。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brotherplay basketball well when he was in high school. A.can B.could C.may D.must 2.-you speak Japanese last year? -Yes,I studied it for three years. A.Can B.Could C.Do D.Did 3.She ride a bike now,but shewhen she was five. A.can;couldn't B.can;could 教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 C.couldn't;can D.could;can't 4.They_finish the project on time yesterday because they had enough help. A.can B.could C.must D.should 5.-Could your father drive a car ten years ago? -No,he_.He learned it last year. A.can't B.couldn't C.didn'tD.wasn't 6.The little girl swim across the river at the age of seven. A.can B.could C.will D.would 7.We_not afford that expensive toy when we were children. A.can B.could C.may D.must 8.-you help me carry the books yesterday afternoon? 一Soy,I一.I was busy with my homework. A.Can;can't B.Could;couldn't C.Do;don't D.Did;didn't 9.My grandmacook delicious food,but now she forgets the recipes. A.can B.could C.should D.might 10.Hesolve this math problem now,but he_two years ago. A.can;couldn't B.can;could C.couldn't;can D.could;can't 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Tom_(can)not speak English when he was six,but now he_(can)speak it fluently. 2.They(can)finish the race quickly yesterday because they practiced a lot. 3.-(can)your mother play the piano when she was young? -Yes,she(can). 4.We_(can)not go to the park last Sunday because it rained heavily. 5.The cat_(can)catch mice easily when it was healthy. 6.My sister(can)dance beautifully at the age of eight. 7.-Could you answer the phone for me just now? -Sorry,I(can)not.I was in the shower. 8.He_(can)run very fast when he was a runner,but now he(can)not. 9.The students_(can)understand the teacher's question yesterday,so they asked for help. 10.Mary(can)not ride a horse last month,but now she(can)do it well. 演练三：语法填空试题 5 教科版（五四制）7下 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 Jenny loved space science very much.Last summer,she joined a space camp.At first,she(can)not build a model rocket.Her hands shook,and the parts kept falling.But after practicing for a week,she-(can) make it perfectly. One day,her teacher asked,"(can)you show the class how to build it yesterday?"Jenny was nervous but said,"Yes,I(can)."She explained each step clearly,and everyone clapped. Now,Jenny is in Grade 8.She(can)not only build rockets but also design simple satellites.Last week, her friend asked,"(can)you help me with my space project the day before yesterday?"Jenny replied, “Of course!!I_(can)meet you after school.” Her parents are proud of her.They often say,"Jenny_(can)not even name the planets two years ago,but now she-(can)teach us about space!"Jenny smiles and says,"I(can)not do it without my teacher's help.” 答案区 演练-：1B2B3.A4.B5B6B7.B8B9.B10.A 演练二：1.could,can2.could3.Could;could4.could5.could6.could7.could8.could;can9.could 10.could;can 演练三：1.could2.could3.Could4.could5.can6.Could7.could8.could9.can10.could 6