内容正文:
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
语法专版
【专题】方位介词
空间关系精准表达
考频分析
初一下沪教牛津版中,方位介词是基础语法模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,主要分布在核心
题型:单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解(辅助定位信息,影响细节
题准确率)。在语境运用类题目中,方位介词与名词、动词的搭配及空间位置关系的理解往往是解
题关键。
考查内容
·常见方位介词辨析:in、on、at、under、behind、beside、between、among、above、below的含义与
基本搭配
。动态与静态方位表达:to(表方向)、into(表进入)、out of(表离开)、from(表起点)、towards(表
朝向)的动态用法,以及on(表接触)、in(表内部)、at(表点位置)的静态区分
·介词短语固定搭配:如in front of、.next to、across from、on the left/right、in the middle of在语境中
的理解与运用
知识点一:方位介词的分类及基础用法
1.表示地点的介词(明确具体位置)
1.常见介词:in(在…里)、on(在…上)、at(在…处)
2.例句:
·The book is in the bag.(in表示在物体内部)
·The cup is on the table.(on表示在物体表面)
。She is at the park..(at表示在小地点)
2.表示方向的介词(指示移动趋向)
1.常见介词:to(到…去)、from(从…来)、into(进入…里)、out of(从…出来)
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
2.例句:
·He goes to school every morning.(to表示朝向某个地点)
·They came from Beijing..(from表示来源方向)
·The cat jumped into the box.(into表示进入动作)
●She walked out of the room.(out of表示离开动作)
3.表示位置关系的介词(描述相对方位)
L.常见介词:beside(在…旁边)、behind(在…后面)、between(在…之间)、in front of(在…前面)
2.例句:
。The chair is beside the desk.(beside表示并列位置)
●There is a tree behind the house.(behind表示后方位置)
·The ball is between the two boxes.(between表示两者之间)
。She stands in front of the door..(in front of表示前方位置)
4.表示范围的介词(说明包含关系)
1.常见介词:in(在…范围内)、on(在…边界上)、to(在…范围外)
2.例句:
·Shanghai is in China..(in表示在国家内部)
●Hunan is on the south of Hubei.(on表示两省相邻)
。Japan is to the east of China..(to表示隔海相望)
知识点二:方位介词的用法及搭配
1.表示”在…里面”(内部空间)
1.核心介词:in
2.搭配场景:大地点(国家、城市)、容器内部、季节/月份年
3.例句:
·They live in Beijing.(城市前用in)
·The book is in the bag..(容器内部用in)
。We often go swimming in summer..(季节前用in)
2.表示”在…上面”(表面接触)
2
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
l.核心介词:on
2.搭配场景:物体表面、日期(具体某天)、楼层
3.例句:
。There is a cup on the table..(桌面接触用on)
。Her birthday is on May 1st..(具体日期前用on)
·My classroom is on the second floor..(楼层前用on)
3.表示”在…下面”(垂直下方)
L.核心介词:under
2.搭配场景:正下方、垂直覆盖
3.例句:
·The cat is under the chair..(椅子正下方用under)
·Some children are playing under the tree..(树下垂直区域用under)
4.表示”在…旁边”(近旁)
L.核心介词:beside/next to
2.搭配场景:位置相邻、贴近
3.例句:
·Lily sits beside Lucy in class.(座位相邻用beside)
。The bookstore is next to the bank.(建筑贴近用next to)
5.表示”在…前面/后面”(空间方位)
l.核心介词:in front of(外部前面)/behind(后面)
2.搭配场景:物体外部的前后位置
3.例句:
·There is a garden in front of the house.(房子外部前方用in front of)
●The bike is behind the door.(门后方用behind)
6.表示”在…之间”((两者或多者)
L.核心介词:between(两者间)/among(三者及以上)
2.搭配场景:明确数量的位置关系
3.例句:
3
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
·The post office is between the hospital and the school.(两者间用between)
。She is sitting among the students.(多者间用among)
7.表示”从…到…”(方向或范围)
1.核心介词:from.to.
2.搭配场景:起点到终点的移动或时间范围
3.例句:
。We go to school from Monday to Friday.(时间范围用from...to..)
。The train travels from Shanghai to Beijing.(地点移动用from.to.)
8.表示”在…对面”(隔段距离相对)
l.核心介词:opposite
2.搭配场景:街道、建筑等对面位置
3.例句:
。The library is opposite the park.(公园对面用opposite)
·Our school is opposite a big supermarket.(超市对面用opposite)
知识点三:方位介词
1.表示位置的基础介词(中考必背)
l.on(在…上面,表面接触)→例句:The book is on the desk,
2.in(在…里面)→例句:There are some pens in the bag
3.under(在…下面)→例句:My shoes are under the bed.
4.behind(在…后面)→例句:The cat is behind the door.
5.in front of(在…前面,外部)→例句:There is a tree in front of the house.
6.next to(紧挨着)→例句:The supermarket is next to the bank
7.between(在两者之间)→例句:He sits between Tom and Mary..
8.among(在三者或三者以上之间)→例句:She is among the students.
9.above(在…上方,不接触)→例句:The plane is flying above the clouds.
l0.below(在…下方,不接触)→例句:The temperature is below zero today.
2.表示方向的常用介词(中考常考)
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
L.to(朝…方向,无接触)→例句:She walks to the park every morning.
2.towards(朝着…)→例句:He ran towards his mother..
3.into(进入…里面)→例句:The children jump into the pool.
4.out of(从…出来)→例句:A dog runs out of the house.
5.along(沿着)→例句:We walk along the river.
6.across(从表面穿过)→例句:They swim across the river..
7.through(从内部穿过)→例句:The sunlight comes through the window.
8.up(向上)→例句:He climbs up the hill,
9.down(向下)→例句:The ball rolls down the stairs.
3.特殊方位搭配(中考易错)
l.in the east of(在…东部,内部)→例句:Shanghai is in the east of China.
2.on the east of(在…东部,接壤)→例句:Jiangsu is on the east of Anhui.
3.to the east of(在…东部,不接壤)→例句:Japan is to the east of China.
4.at the corner of(在…拐角处)→例句:There is a shop at the corner of the street..
5.by the side of(在…旁边)→例句:There is a bench by the side of the road.
解题小妙招
方位介词妙招
位置关系先辨明,内部表面要分清:
接触用on非用above,内部in外behind;
范围归属是关键,in内to外on相邻:
隔海相望用to连,境内in来境外to:
动态方向看over,越过不触是其征;
垂直上下over under,桥河船桥是例证;
易混介词细辨析,语境运用记心间。
考法精析
考法一:方位介词基本用法辨析
核心:根据语境中物体的位置关系(如内部/表面、接触/非接触、范围等),选择正确的方位介词
真题1(语法填空):
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
The birds are flying_the mountain.(鸟正从山上方飞过,不接触山体)
答案:over
解析:由”飞过山上方且不接触山体”可知,强调”越过、高于”的动态方向,用介词ovr。
真题2(完形填空):
There is a big treethe house.We often sit under it to cool down.
A.in B.on C.behind D.between
答案:C
解析:根据”我们常坐在树下乘凉”可知,树应在房子外部的后方位置,用介词behind(在…后
面);in表示内部,on表示表面接触,between表示两者之间,均不符合语境。
考法二:方位介词辨析与运用
核心:根据语境中物体的位置关系(如空间位置、表面接触、范围归属等),选择正确的方位介词
真题1(语法填空):
There is a big treethe house.We often sit under it to cool down in summer.
答案:behind
解析:由"sit under it'”可推断树的位置在房子外部后方,结合知识点一和知识点二中behind表示外
部后方位置”,故填behind。
真题2(完形填空):
Shanghai isthe east of China,while Japan isthe east of China.
A.in;to B.on;in C.to;on D.in;on
答案:A
解析:根据知识点一表示范围的介词用法,”表示在国家内部”,上海在中国范围内,第一空用in;
”to表示范围外隔海相望”,日本与中国隔海相望,第二空用to,故选A。
考法三:方位介词的综合辨析与语境运用
核心:结合地点范围、位置关系及搭配场景,准确选择符合语境的方位介词
真题1(单项选择):
Japan is_the east of China and Shanghai is_the east of China.
A.in on B.to in C.on to D.in to
答案:B
解析:第一个空表示日本与中国隔海相望,用介词to;第二个空表示上海在中国内部,用介词i,
符合知识点一中”i表示在国家内部”和”to表示范围外”的用法。
真题2(语法填空):
There is a picture_the wall and a window_the wall.My birthday is_July 5th and I live_the second
6
初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
floor.
答案:on in on on
解析:第一空”图画在墙表面”用on;第二空”窗户在墙内部”用in(知识点三特殊用法);第三空,
具体日期前”用on;第四空”楼层前”用o,综合考查了知识点二和知识点三的搭配场景。
真题演练
演练一:单项选择试题(共10题)
1.The cat isthe box.
A in B on C at D under
2.There is a picture the wall.
A in B on C under D behind
3.She sitsLucy and Lily in class.
A between B among C beside D next to
4.Shanghai is _the east of China
A in B on C to D at
5.The bird fliesthe mountain.
A over B under C through D across
6.We walk_the river after dinner.
A along B across C through D around
7.There is a window the wall.
A in B on C at D under
8.Japan is the east of China.
A in B on C to D at
9.The dog runs-the house.
A into B out of C to D towards
10.He sits his mother on the sofa.
A beside B between C among D near
演练二:填空试题(共10题)
1.The books are_the bag.
2.The pen isthe desk.
3.The cat is_the chair.
4.She is reading-the classroom.
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初一下沪教牛津版
【语法专项】
方位介词全解
5.There is a tree_the house.
6.The bank isthe hotel and the park.
7.We walk-the street.
8.The light goesthe window.
9.A kite isthe tree.
10.He goes to schoolbus.
演练三:语法填空试题(共10空)
1.My hometown is a small village.There is a river-the village.
2.Many children like to swim-the river in summer.
3.Near the river,there is a big treesome red apples-it.
4.Under the tree,there is a bench.Old people often sit-the bench and chat.
5.There is a school the north of the village.
6.My home isthe school,just 5 minutes'walk
7.Every morning,I walk-the school gate and meet my friends.
8.In front of the school,there is a road.Cars drivethe road.
9.Sometimes,I see birds flying-the road.
答案区
演练-:1.A2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.C9.B10.A
演练二:1.in2.on3.under4.in5.behind6.between7.along8.through9.in10.by
演练三:1.in2.in3.with4.on5.on6.to7.near8.to9.along10.over
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