Unit 6 Detectives that引导定语从句-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（北师大版）

初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】that引导定语从句 语法专项突破 考频分析 8下北师大版中，hat引导定语从句是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、阅读理解(1-2题)、书面表达（辅助考察，提升句 子结构丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中，that引导定语从句的指代对象及语法功能辨析往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。先行词与关系代词：指人、指物先行词的识别，that在从句中作主语、宾语的基本功能 。句法功能辨析：that引导定语从句时与which的用法异同（如先行词为不定代词、最高级修饰时用 that) 。语境应用：结合具体语境判断定语从句的完整性，选择恰当的关系代词(tht在从句中作宾语时可 省略的情况) 知识点一：that引导定语从句的基本用法 1.定义及作用（修饰先行词，补充信息) 1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词（通常指人或物） 2.关系代词that:代替先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语 3.例句： ●This is the book that helps me a lot.(that指代物，作主语) ·The girl that we met yesterday is my classmate..(that指代人，作宾语) 2.适用情况（指人或物时的用法） L.指物时：可与which互换→例句：I lost the pen that/which my mother gave me. 2.指人时：可与who/whom互换→例句：The boy that/who is playing basketball is Tom. 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.特殊情况：先行词被序数词、最高级、all/any/no等修饰时，只能用that→例句：This is the first gift that I received from him. 3.省略规则（that作宾语时可省略) 1.当that在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语（介词不提前时)，可省略→例句： ·The story(that)she told was very interesting..(作动词宾语) ●The house(that)we lived in last year is sold.(作介词宾语，介词in未提前) 2.当that在从句中作主语时，不可省略→例句：The teacher that teaches us math is very kind.(作主语， 不可省略) 知识点二：that引导定语从句 1.定语从句定义（修饰名词/代词，补充信息） 1.作用：限定或描述先行词（被修饰的名词代词），说明“什么样的”“哪一个” 2.结构：先行词+that+从句(that在从句中作主语/宾语) 2.that作主语（不可省略) 1.先行词为人物均可 2.结构：先行词+that+谓语+其他 3.例句： ·The girl that is wearing a red dress is my sister.(先行词the girl指人，that作主语) ●This is the book that tells stories about detectives.(先行词the book指物，that作主语) 3.that作宾语（可省略) 1.先行词为人/物均可 2.结构：先行词+that(可省)+主语+谓语+其他 3.例句： ·I know the boy(that)you met yesterday.(先行词the boy指人，that作宾语) ·She lost the pen(that)her father gave her.（先行词the pen指物，that作宾语) 4.限定性定语从句（不可省略，否则句意不完整） 1.特点：无逗号隔开，修饰先行词表示“特定的” 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.例句： ·The teacher that teaches us English is very kind..(限定“教我们英语的”老师) ·We need the evidence that can prove his innocence..(限定“能证明他清白的”证据) 5.常见考点（初中重点) 1.that与which的区别：先行词为不定代词(all,something等)、被序数词/最高级修饰时，只能用that 2.例句： ·All that glitters is not gold.(先行词all为不定代词，用that) 。This is the best film that I have ever seen.(先行词被最高级best修饰，用hat) 3.主谓一致：从句谓语动词单复数与先行词一致 4.例句： ·The stories that are about detectives are popular.(先行词stories为复数) ·The man that lives next door is a detective.(先行词man为单数) 知识点三：that引导定语从句 1.指人时的用法（中考基础) 1.基础功能：hat在从句中作主语或宾语，指代先行词（人） 2.例句： ·The girl that is talking to the teacher is my sister..(作主语，不可省略) ·This is the boy(that)we met in the park yesterday.(作宾语，可省略) 3.中考常考先行词： ●不定代词指人时：Everyone that knows him likes him. ●先行词被序数词修饰时：He is the first student that finished the homework. 2.指物时的用法（中考核心） 1.基础功能：that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，指代先行词（物） 2.例句： ●The book that lies on the desk is mine..（作主语，不可省略) ·This is the pen(that)I bought yesterday.(作宾语，可省略) 。China is not the country that it was 100 years ago.(作表语，可省略) 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.中考特殊考点： 。先行词被all/any/every等词修饰时：You can take all that you need.. 。先行词既有人又有物时：I still remember the people and the stories that I heard in the village 3.关系代词that的省略规则（中考易错） 1.必须保留的情况： 。当that在从句中作主语时y例句：The man that is standing there is my uncle. ·当先行词被the only/the very等修饰时→例句：He is the only student that passed the exam. 2.可以省略的情况： 。当that在从句中作宾语时→例句：The film(that)we saw last night was very interesting. 。当that在从句中作表语时→例句：He is no longer the boy(that)he was. 考法精析 考法一：that引导定语从句的用法辨析 核心：根据先行词类型及that在从句中的成分，判断that的正确使用及省略规则 真题1（语法填空）： The book I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting. 答案：that 解析：先行词为物(the book),关系代词that在从句中作宾语，可省略，此处填入that符合语法规则。 真题2（完形填空)： This is the best film I have ever seen. A.who B.which C.that D.what 答案：C 解析：先行词被最高级(best)修饰，根据知识点一特殊情况，只能用that引导定语从句。 考法二：定语从句与情态动词表推测融合 核心：根据先行词特征选择正确关系代词，结合语境用情态动词表对现在过去情况的推测 真题1（语法填空）： The dictionary(must belong)to Mary is on the desk.I saw her use it yesterday. 答案：that must belong 解析：先行词dictionary”指物，被定语从句修饰且无特殊限制，用关系代词that;由”saw her use it yesterday'”可知对现在归属的肯定推测，用must belong。 真题2（单项选择）： 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 The boyyou met at the party-be Tom's brother.He looks so similar. A.who;must B.which;can't C.that;may D.whom;should 答案：A 解析：先行词boy”指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who/hat/whom;由"looks so similar'”可知肯定推 测，用must,故选A。 考法三：定语从句与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合that引导的定语从句（指人/物、成分判断、省略规则）与被动语态(be+过去分词结构 及时态匹配)，分析复合句语法关系 真题1（单项选择)： The novel my father bought last week_into three languages. A.that;translates B.which;is translated C.that;was translated D.who;has translated 答案：C 解析：第一空为定语从句，先行词”novel'”指物，可用that/which,且在从句中作bought的宾语可 省略；第二空主语”novel''是”translate”的承受者，由时间标志"last week'”可知用一般过去时被动语 态，结构为”was+过去分词”。 真题2（语法填空)： The story(that)(tell)by the old man yesterday is about a detective.Many people-(interest)in it now. 答案：was told;are interested 解析：第一空为定语从句，先行词”stoy”与”tel'是被动关系，时间标志”yesterday'”提示用一般过 去时被动语态”was told”;第二空”people”与'interest”是被动关系，be interested in'”为固定搭配，主 语复数用”are interested'”。 解题小妙招 定语从句妙招 先行词前有最高级，关系代词只能用that: 先行词是人用who/that,,先行词是物用which/.hat; 关系代词作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省。 情态动词推测妙招 肯定推测用must,可能推测用may; 否定推测can't,建议应该用should; 根据语境辨语气，相似特征用must。 综合运用妙招 定语从句先判断，人用who物用that: 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 情态推测看语境，肯定must否定can't: 被动语态be done,时态变化看be动词； 三部分别分析好，综合运用错不了。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The girlis standing at the door is my sister. A.who B.which C.whose D.what 2.This is the first song I learned to sing in English. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 3.Yoube quiet in the library.It's a rule here. A.can B.must C.may D.need 4.The storymy teacher told yesterdaybe true.Many students cried. A.that;must B.who;can't C.which;may D.whom;should 5.The bikewas stolen last night_found by the police now. A.which;is being B.that;was C.who;will be D./must be 6.-Where is Tom? -Hebe in the classroom.I saw him there five minutes ago. A.can't B.must C.may D.needn't 7.These booksby a famous writer in the 1990s. A.write B.wrote C.are written D.were written 8.The boyyou helped yesterday-return your kindness. A.whom;should B.which;must C.that;can't D.who;may 9.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. A.which B.who C.that D.what 10.The housewe lived in last yearrebuilt next month. A.that;will be B.which;was C.who;is D.whom;must be 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The pen(that/which)I lost yesterday was a birthday gift from my friend. 2.You_(must/need)finish your homework before watching TV. 3.A new bridge(build)over the river next year. 4.The girl_(who/whom)we met at the park is my cousin. 6 初二下册北师大版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 5.He(can't/may)have gone to the concert.He has no interest in music. 6.This is the best novel(that/which)I have read this year. 7.The letter(write)by my father was sent to my grandma yesterday. 8.You(should/mustn't)speak loudly in the hospital. 9.The students(that/who)are playing football are from Class Three. 10.The problem(solve)by the teacher just now was very difficult. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last week,I found a wallet on my way home.The wallet_(1)(drop)on the ground by someone.It was made of leather and had a photo of a girl inside.The girl in the photo(2)(must be)the owner,because her name was written on a card in the wallet. I took the wallet to the police station.The policeman(3)(help)me checked the information.He said the wallet-(4)(can belong)to a student from No.2 Middle School.Later,a girl came to the station.She was the girl(5)(photo)was in the wallet.She told us she(6)(lose)the wallet when she was running for the bus. The girl was very happy and thanked me many times.She said the wallet(7)(give)to her by her mother as a birthday gift.I felt glad that I(8)(help)her.The policeman told me I(9)(should/receive)a prize for my honesty.This experience taught me that small acts of kindness_(10)(can make)a big difference. 答案区 演练-：1.A2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.A 演练二：1.that/which2.must3.will be built4.whom/who5.can't 6.that 7.written 8.mustn't 9.who/that 10.solved 演练三：l.was dropped2.must be3.helping4.could belong5.whose 6.had lost 7.was given 8.had helped 9.should receive 10.can make 7