Unit 5 Memories 现在完成时since for 表时间持续-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（北师大版）

初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories 语法专练 【专题】现在完成时(since/for表时间持续) 北师大版八年级下册Unit5 考频分析 8下北师大版中，现在完成时(since/for表时间持续)是重点语法模块，考频占时态总量的l5%左右， 贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直 接影响时间状语与谓语动词的搭配准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，since/for的时间状语辨析及动 词延续性转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。动词分类应用：现在完成时中助动词have/has与实义动词过去分词的搭配，区分延续性动词与非延 续性动词在for/since时间状语中的使用； 。时态与语态：现在完成时have/has+过去分词”的基本结构，since+-过去时间点/for+时间段在肯定 句、否定句及疑问句中的应用，结合语境判断动作从过去持续到现在的状态： 。非谓语动词：现在完成时中不直接涉及非谓语动词考点，需重点掌握延续性动词（如live,wok)与 非延续性动词（如die,leave)在for/since结构中的转换（如has died--has been dead)。 知识点一：现在完成时（since/for表时间持续) 1.基本结构 I.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词（第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 3.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 4.例句： .I have lived here for 5 years. She hasn't finished her homework yet. Have you visited Beijing before? 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories 2.for与since的用法区别 1.for+时间段（表示动作持续多久） 。常见搭配：for3days(3天)、for two years(两年)、for a long time(很长时间) ·例句：They have studied English for3 years. 2.since+时间点过去时从句（表示动作从何时开始） 。常见搭配：since2010(20l0年起)、since last month(上个月起)、since he was5(他5岁起) ●例句：We have known each other since2Ol8./She has worked here since she graduated.. 3.使用注意事项 1.现在完成时表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态，常与for/since引导的时间状语连用 2.for和since引导的时间状语不可与一般过去时连用（如不能说He lived here for5 years.需用现在完 成时) 3.常见时间标志词：already(已经)、yet(尚未，用于否定/疑问)、ever(曾经)、never(从未) ·例句：I have already read this book./Have you ever been to Shanghai? 知识点二：现在完成时（since/for表时间持续) 1.时间标志词 1.for+时间段（表示动作持续的时长）：for two hours(两小时)、for five years(五年)、for a long time (很长时间) 2.since+时间点（表示动作开始的时间）：since2018(自从2018年)、since last month(自从上个月)、 since he was a child(自从他是个孩子时) 2.主动语态 l.结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have) 2.例句： ·They have lived in this city for ten years.（主语复数，用have;live的过去分词为lived,for+时间 段) ·She has studied English since20l9.（主语三单，用has;study的过去分词为studied,since+-时间 点) 3.被动语态 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories I.结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定have/has的选择） 2.例句： 。This book has been read by me for three days.(主语单数，用has been;read的过去分词为read, for+时间段) ·These photos have been kept by her since last summer..(主语复数，用have been;keep的过去分词 为kept,since+时间点) 知识点三：现在完成时(since/for表时间持续) 1.for+时间段（表示动作持续多久） 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·have lived here for 10 years(住在这里l0年了)→例句：My family has lived here for 10 years.. ●have studied English for3 years(学英语3年了)→例句：She has studied English for3 years. ·have worked in this company for5 months(在这家公司工作5个月了)→例句：He has worked in this company for 5 months. ·have known each other for8 years(认识彼此8年了)→例句：They have known each other for8 years. ·have kept the book for2 weeks(借这本书2周了)→例句：I have kept the book for2 weeks. 2.时间标志词辨析（中考易错)： ·for+时间段（用于持续动作）→例句：We have waited for you for half an hour. 。不能与瞬间动词连用（如buy,die,start)→错误：He has bought the bike for a month.(正确：He has had the bike for a month.) 2.since+时间点/从句（表示动作从何时开始) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： ·have been here since2018(自从20l8年就在这里)→例句：She has been here since20l8. ·have taught in this school since last year(自从去年就在这所学校教书)→例句：Mr.Li has taught in this school since last year. ·have been friends since they were children(自从他们是孩子时就是朋友)例句：They have been friends since they were children. ●have not seen him since last Monday(自从上周一就没见过他)，例句：I have not seen him since last Monday. ·have lived in Beijing since she came to China(自从她来中国就住在北京)→例句：She has lived in Beijing since she came to China. 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories 2.句型转换要点（中考常考)： 。since+过去时间点=for+相应时间段→例句：He has worked here since2020.=He has worked here for6 years..(截至2026年) ·Itis/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时从句→例句：It has been3 years since we moved to this city. 考法精析 考法一：for与since用法辨析 核心：根据时间状语的类型（时间段/时间点），选择for或since填空 真题1（语法填空）： She has lived in this city 2010. 答案：since 解析：20l0是具体时间点，根据知识点一，since后接时间点表示动作从何时开始，故填since。 真题2（单项选择)： They have studied Englishthree years. A for B since C in D on 答案：A 解析：three years是时间段，根据知识点一，for后接时间段表示动作持续多久，故填for。 考法二：非延续性动词转换与时间状语搭配 核心：识别非延续性动词，将其转换为延续性动词或状态动词，与for/since引导的时间状语正确 搭配使用 真题1（句型转换)： He borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago.(改为现在完成时，用for时间段) 答案：He has kept this dictionary for two weeks. 解析：原句中非延续性动词borrow需转换为延续性动词keep,现在完成时结构为has kept,搭配 for two weeks表示持续时间段。 真题2（单项选择)： My grandfather-for 5 years.We still miss him. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.was dead 答案：C 解析：die是非延续性动词，与for5 years搭配需转换为延续性状态be dead,现在完成时结构为has been dead,强调去世状态持续至今。 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories 考法三：现在完成时的综合运用（主动/被动语态及时态对比) 核心：结合for/since时间状语判断现在完成时的主动/被动结构，并区分与一般过去时的语境差异 真题1（单项选择）： My grandparents-in this village since they got married.They like the quiet life here. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“since they got married'”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时；主 语“my grandparents”为复数，主动语态结构为“have+过去分词”，live的过去分词为lived。. 真题2（语法填空)： This old temple_(build)for over 200 years.Local people often visit it. 答案：has been built 解析：主语“this old temple”是动作“build”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“for over200 years'”可知用现在完成时，主语为单数，结构为“has been+过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。 解题小妙招 for接时段since点，时间状语先判断； 非延续动词遇时段，转换延续或状态： die变dead borrow keep,瞬间动作转持续； 现完强调影响存，过去仅表动作完： 标志词ever just already,结合语境时态清。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题）》 1.We have lived in this town 2018. A for B since C in D on 2.My parents have worked in this factory_10 years. A for B since C at D with 3.He_this bike for 5 years and it still works well. A buys B bought C has bought D has had 4.Her grandfatherfor 3 years,but she still misses him. A died B has died C has been dead D was dead 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories 5.-you ever-to the Summer Palace? A Did;go B Have;gone C Have;been D Will;go 6.Theythe club last month and now they-members for 30 days. A joined;have been B joined;were C have joined;have been D have joined;are 7.I this book yet.I'll finish it tomorrow. A haven't read B didn't read C won't read D don't read 8.Hein Shanghai for 5 years,but now he lives in Beijing. A lived B has lived C lives D is living 9.The meetingfor 2 hours.We need to take a break. A has started B started C has been on D was on 10.-How longyouhere? -Since 2020. A do:live B did:live C have:lived D will:live 演练二：填空试题（共10题） L.She_(study)English for6 years.(提示：for+时间段，用现在完成时) 2.We_(know)each other since we were children.(提示：since+从句，用现在完成时) 3.My brother_(not finish)his homework yet.(提示：yet用于否定句，用现在完成时) 4.They(already see)this movie twice..(提示：already用于肯定句，用现在完成时) 5.He_(have)this watch for3 years.He bought it in2022.(提示：非延续性动词buy转换为have) 6.一you ever_(visit)the Great Wall?(提示：ever用于疑问句，用现在完成时) 7.My parents._(work)in this city since20I9.(提示：since+-时间点，用现在完成时) 8.The dog_(die)last year..We_(keep)it for8 years.(提示：第一空非延续性动词用过去时，第二空转 换为延续性动词) 9.I_(never be))to America,but I want to go there..(提示：never用于现在完成时) I0.She(leave)home2 hours ago,.so she._(be away)forl20 minutes.(提示：第一空非延续性动词用过 去时，第二空转换为延续性状态) 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Li Ming is a student in Grade 8.He(live)in Beijing with his family since he was born.His father (work)as a doctor in a hospital for 15 years.Every morning,his mother(cook)breakfast for them, but today she is ill,so Li Ming-(buy)breakfast from a shop near his home. Li Ming(join)the school basketball team last year.Now he(be)a member for 10 months and he practices every afternoon.He(already win)two medals for the team. 6 初二下册北师大版 【语法专练】 Unit 5 Memories Last week,his best friend Tom(move)to another city.Li Ming-(not see)him since then,but they often chat online."I(miss)him very much,"Li Ming says. 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.A3.D4.C5.C6.A7.A8.A9.C10.C 1.has studied 2.have known 3.hasn't finished 4.have already seen 5.has had 6.Have;visited 7.have worked 8.died;had kept 9.have never been 10.left;has been away 演练三：1.has lived2.has worked3.cooks4.bought5.joined6.has been7.has already won8.moved 9.hasn't seen 10.miss 7