内容正文:
沪教英语七下 Unit6 语法讲解及习题
情态动词(can/cannot, may/may not, must/must not)
一、情态动词核心知识点
1. 定义
情态动词用来表达说话人的语气、态度,可表示能力、许可、义务、禁止等含义,后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化,是七下基础语法核心考点。
2. 核心用法详解
情态动词
否定形式
核心用法
经典例句
can
cannot (can’t)
① 表能力(能/会) ② 表许可(可以,口语常用)
① I can swim.(我会游泳。)
② You can go now.(你现在可以走了。)
may
may not
表许可/请求(可以,比can更正式),用于疑问句表请求
1 May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
② You may not leave early.(你不可以早走。)
must
must not (mustn’t)
① 表必须(义务、要求) ② 表禁止(语气强烈,不许)
① You must finish homework first.(你必须先完成作业。) ② You mustn’t run in the hall.(禁止在走廊奔跑。)
3. 三大共同规则
后接动词原形(情态动词+do),如:can dance / must go(不可加s/ed/to);
变否定:直接在情态动词后加not(can→can’t, may→may not, must→mustn’t);
变一般疑问句:直接将情态动词提前至句首,回答用对应情态动词。
二、练习题
(一)基础题:用can/can’t, may/may not, must/mustn’t填空(
1. I ______ ride a bike, but I ______ drive a car.(表能力)
2. ______ I use your pen? I can’t find mine.(表请求)
3. You ______ finish your homework before watching TV.(表必须)
4. The baby is sleeping. You ______ talk loudly.(表禁止)
5. My brother ______ play the piano very well.(表能力)
6. You ______ drink cold water after running. It’s bad for you.(表禁止)
7. ______ we go to the park this afternoon?(表请求)
8. She ______ speak English, so she can talk with foreign teachers.(表能力)
9. Students ______ wear school uniforms at school.(表必须)
10. You ______ not enter the room without permission.(正式表禁止)
(二)提升题:单项选择
1. —______ I ask you a question? —Sure, go ahead.
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need
2. We ______ play on the road. It’s very dangerous.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. My sister ______ draw very well. She wants to be an artist.
A. can B. may C. must D. should
4. You ______ clean your room every day. It’s your duty.
A. can B. may C. must D. can’t
5. —______ you swim across the river? —No, I ______.
A. Can; can’t B. May; may not C. Must; mustn’t D. Can; may not
6. —May I take this book home? —No, you ______.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. won’t
7. The robot ______ sing and dance. It’s very smart.
A. can B. may C. must D. mustn’t
8. You ______ wait for the green light before crossing the street.
A. can B. may C. must D. can’t
(三)综合题
完成对话
Daisy: Dad, this robot is so cool! (1) ______ I name it Bobo?
Dad: Yes, you (2) ______. First you have to put the batteries in, then you (3) ______ turn it on.
Daisy: Great! Bobo, what (4) ______ you do?
Bobo: I (5) ______ dance and sing, and I (6) ______ help you with your homework.
Daisy: Wow! Can you swim with me?
Bobo: No, I (7) ______. I (8) ______ stay away from water, or I’ll stop working. So you (9) ______ put me in the water.
Dad: Daisy, you (10) ______ read the instructions carefully before using it.
句型转换
1.I can play the guitar.(改为否定句)
I ____________ play the guitar.
2.May I open the window?(作否定回答,语气委婉)
No, ________ ________.
3.We can see the stars at night.(对划线部分提问)
________ ______ you ______ at night?
4.You mustn’t smoke in the hospital.(划线部分提问)
________ ______ we ________ do in the hospital?
三、答案与详细解析
(一)基础题:情态动词填空
1. can; can’t(前表能力“会”,后表能力“不会”,转折关系)
2. May/Can(表请求,may更正式,can口语化,两者均对)
3. must(表义务、要求,“必须”)
4. mustn’t(语境表禁止,“不许大声说话”,语气强烈)
5. can(表能力“会弹钢琴”)
6. mustn’t(表禁止,“不许喝冷水”,基于健康要求)
7. May/Can(表请求“我们可以去公园吗?”)
8. can(表能力“会说英语”)
9. must(学校规定,表“必须穿校服”)
10. may(may not正式表禁止,贴合“未经允许不得进入”的正式语境)
(二)提升题:单项选择
1. B(表委婉请求,用may更符合语境)
2. C(道路上玩耍是严格禁止,mustn’t表禁止,语气最强,符合安全语境)
3. A(表绘画的能力,用can)
4. C(“每天打扫房间是职责”,表必须、义务,用must)
5. A(询问能力用can,否定回答对应can’t,固定搭配)
6. B(may引导的请求,否定回答用may not,语气一致)
7. A(表机器人的能力“会唱歌跳舞”,用can)
8. C(交通规则要求,“必须等绿灯”,表义务用must)
(三)综合题
完成对话
1. May/Can(表请求“我可以给它命名吗?”)
2. can/may(对应上文请求的肯定回答)
3. can(表许可“然后你就可以打开它了”)
4. can(询问能力“你会做什么?”)
5. can(表能力“会跳舞唱歌”)
6. can(表能力“能帮忙写作业”)
7. can’t(对can引导的能力提问,否定回答用can’t)
8. must(表要求“必须远离水”)
9. mustn’t(表严格禁止“不许把我放进水里”)
10. must(表义务“必须仔细看说明书”)
句型转换
1.can’t(can的否定形式,直接加not,缩写can’t)
2.you may not(may引导的请求,否定委婉回答:No, you may not.)
3.What can; do(对动作提问用what,提前情态动词can,后接动词原形do)
4.What must; not(对禁止的动作提问用what,mustn’t拆分:must not,提前must)
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