2026届高中英语二轮复习非谓语动词之动名词导学案

非谓语动词之动名词 动名词 动名词是一种兼有________和________特征的非限定动词。它可以带有自己的宾语和状语，动名词有时态和语态的变化。 一、动名词的时态和语态 (以write为例) 一般式主动语态_______________________ 被动语态_______________________ 完成式主动语态_______________________ 被动语态_______________________ 其否定形式是在doing_______ (前 / 后) 加not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性(___________性)动作，(即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作) 或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。 I hate ___________________________ (和这种人交谈). ___________________________ (粗心) is not a good habit. 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I don’t remember having met him before. Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help. 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 I don’t like being laughed at in public. （2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. （3）我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这是一种习惯。 Excuse me for being late. =___________________________________________. I don’t remember ever meeting him somewhere. Thank you for giving us so much help. （4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，尤其是口语中。 I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. （5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。 She is afraid of being taken to the public. 二、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作________、________、________、________。 1、作主语 Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 动名词作主语，有时用_______作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It is no use telling him not to worry. There is no saying when he’ll come. There is no telling what we should do with it. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性的动作，不定式作主语往往表示_________的或_____________的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作） ________________ (吸烟) is not good for health. It is not good _________________________ (你吸烟) so much. ________________________ (教英语) is my job. _____________________________ (教你们英语) is a demanding job. 注意： 1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。 2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真正主语： It is no use /good / a waste of time talking about that. 3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： There is no telling what will happen. There is no saying that you are telling lies. 2、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。 常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, admit(to), permit, avoid, consider, escape, enjoy, finish, recommend, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。 They went on walking and never stopped talking. The bird was lucky enough to escape being shot. 试着用你不熟悉的词或短语造几个句子： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟__________作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用______________作宾语补足语。 We don’t allow _______________________ (在这里吸烟). We don’t allow students ____________________(吸烟). 注意：Students are not allowed to smoke in our school. （2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of ____________________________ (制定新的计划) for the next term. She didn’t mind _______________________________________ (一个人留在家里). 注意：This is the way he thought of to solve the problem. （3）作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或_________引导的名词性从句。动名词表示主语的_________，与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I dislike is telling lies. (Telling lies is what I dislike.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的______________。 a walking stick = a stick _______ walking = a stick which is used for walking a washing machine = a machine _______ washing = a machine which is used for washing a reading room = a room _______ reading = a room which is used for reading sleeping pills = pills for sleeping = pills which are used for sleeping 三、动名词复合结构 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上____________物主代词或__________________，称为动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作_______、_______、_______，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. =That she came to help encouraged all of us. ____________________________ (Jane的马虎大意) caused so much trouble. =That Jane was careless caused so much trouble. What’s troubling them is ____________________________________(他们没有足够的食物). =What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food. 在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的形容词性物主代词常用_____________，名词所有格常用______________来代替。 Would you mind my / me using your computer？ The father insisted on ________________________________________ (他的儿子上大学). The teacher was angry at ___________________________________ (他迟到). 但：Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格： a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 四、高考考点： 1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为___________; 2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是______________; 3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语; 4） 有些词后只能接动名词; 5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法; it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s worth; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; what’s the use/point... 6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可; remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义不同。 7) 动名词的主动表被动; _________, _________, _________, _________, be worth The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered. My computer wants_____________ (修理) = My computer wants _______ _______ _______. The film is well _________________________ (再看一次). 8)在一些短语中的考查。 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，get down to, pay attention to, thank you for，excuse me for，be (kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good /wonderful /hard / great time(in)，it’s no use /good，feel /seem like 等后的动词必须用动名词形式. I look forward to ______________________________ (收到你的来信) soon. He had a good time playing computer games. I feel like _____________________________(度假) after working for so long a time. 五、动名词与现在分词的异同 动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能带自己的宾语、状语，构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。 Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .（__________短语，作________） She hates speaking in the public. （__________短语，作________） 区别： 1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词表示主语的________________,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变. My hobby is swimming. 可改为Swimming is my hobby. ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的_______________,不能与主语互换位置. The story is interesting . 不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词表示所修饰名词的_______,而现在分词修饰名词时表示性质状态或_______. 1) a swimming boy和a swimming suit a swimming boy = ________________________________________ a swimming suit = ________________________________________ 2) a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car a sleeping child = _________________________________________ a sleeping car = __________________________________________ Exercises: 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I need to buy some ______________ (iron) equipment for the new house. 2. I appreciate your ______________ (come) to help us on such short notice. 3. ______________ (swim) in the ocean is one of my favorite summer activities. 4. It is no good ______________ (stay) up late before exams. 5. They avoided ______________ (mention) the sensitive topic at the dinner table. 6. He couldn’t help ______________ (cry) when he heard the sad news. 7. ______________ (jog) in the park every day keeps him fit and energetic. 8. It is worthwhile ______________ (visit) the ancient temple in the mountain. 9. ______________ (drive) after drinking is against the law and extremely dangerous. 10. It is a waste of time ______________ (watch) TV all day long. 11. We should practice ______________ (speak) English as often as possible. 12. ______________ (read) aloud every morning is beneficial to improving your pronunciation. 13. It is no use ______________ (argue) with him; he never changes his mind. 14. He denied ______________ (steal) the money from the cash register. 15. Have you finished ______________ (write) your graduation thesis yet? 16. I look forward to ______________ (meet) you again in the near future. 17. We should consider ______________ (change) our strategy for the competition. 18. She quit ______________ (smoke) last year for the sake of her health. 19. He admitted ______________ (make) a serious mistake in the calculation. 20. I can’t imagine ______________ (live) anywhere else but in my hometown. 21. They postponed ______________ (hold) the sports meet due to the heavy rain. 22. The ______________ (swim) pool will be closed for maintenance next week. 23. Please put your luggage in the ______________ (sleep) compartment. 24. He kept ______________ (apologize) even though I had forgiven him. 25. She is fond of ______________ (paint) landscapes in her spare time. 26. What I hate most is ______________ (wait) in long queues at the supermarket. 27. The most challenging aspect of teaching is ______________ (motivate) lazy students. 28. Her job involves ______________ (travel) to different cities every month. 29. We need to improve our ______________ (read) comprehension skills. 30. He bought a new ______________ (walk) stick for his grandfather. 31. We must prevent the river from ______________ (pollute) further. 32. Her favorite hobby is ______________ (dance) ballet on weekends. 33. I suggest ______________ (hold) the meeting next Monday morning. 34. She couldn’t resist ______________ (laugh) at his funny expression. 35. The ______________ (wait) room was crowded with anxious passengers. 参考答案 动名词 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以带有自己的宾语和状语，动名词有时态和语态的变化。 一、动名词的时态和语态 (以write为例) 一般式主动语态writing 被动语态being written 完成式主动语态having written 被动语态having been written 其否定形式是在doing前 (前 / 后) 加not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性(经常性性)动作，(即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作) 或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。 I hate talking with such kind of person (和这种人交谈). Being careless (粗心) is not a good habit. 2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I don’t remember having met him before. Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help. 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 I don’t like being laughed at in public. （2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. （3）我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这是一种习惯。 Excuse me for being late. =Excuse me for having been late. I don’t remember ever meeting him somewhere. Thank you for giving us so much help. （4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，尤其是口语中。 I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. （5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。 She is afraid of being taken to the public. 二、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1、作主语 Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It is no use telling him not to worry. There is no saying when he’ll come. There is no telling what we should do with it. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的经常性的动作，不定式作主语往往表示一次性的或具体的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作） Smoking (吸烟) is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke (你吸烟) so much. Teaching English (教英语) is my job. To teach you English (教你们英语) is a demanding job. 注意： 1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。 2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真正主语： It is no use /good / a waste of time talking about that. 3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： There is no telling what will happen. There is no saying that you are telling lies. 2、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。 常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, admit(to), permit, avoid, consider, escape, enjoy, finish, recommend, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。 They went on walking and never stopped talking. The bird was lucky enough to escape being shot. 试着用你不熟悉的词或短语造几个句子： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用不定式作宾语补足语。 We don’t allow smoking here (在这里吸烟). We don’t allow students to smoke(吸烟). 注意：Students are not allowed to smoke in our school. （2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of working out a new plan (制定新的计划) for the next term. She didn’t mind being left alone (一个人留在家里). 注意：This is the way he thought of to solve the problem. （3）作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。动名词表示主语的内容，与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I dislike is telling lies. (Telling lies is what I dislike.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的用途、功能。 a walking stick = a stick for walking = a stick which is used for walking a washing machine = a machine for washing = a machine which is used for washing a reading room = a room for reading = a room which is used for reading sleeping pills = pills for sleeping = pills which are used for sleeping 三、动名词复合结构 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，称为动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. =That she came to help encouraged all of us. Jane’s being careless (Jane的马虎大意) caused so much trouble. =That Jane was careless caused so much trouble. What’s troubling them is their lacking enough / adequate food(他们没有足够的食物). =What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food. 在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词所有格常用名词的普通格来代替。 Would you mind my / me using your computer？ The father insisted on his son’s / his son going to college (他的儿子上大学). The teacher was angry at his / him being late (他迟到). 但：Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格： a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling you about this? 四、高考考点： 1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数; 2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词; 3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语; 4） 有些词后只能接动名词; 5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法; it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s worth; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; what’s the use/point... 6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可; remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义不同。 7) 动名词的主动表被动; need, want, require, deserve,be worth The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered. My computer wants repairing (修理) = My computer wants to be repaired. The film is well worth seeing again (再看一次). 8)在一些短语中的考查。 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，get down to, pay attention to, thank you for，excuse me for，be (kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good /wonderful /hard / great time(in)，it’s no use /good，feel /seem like 等后的动词必须用动名词形式. I look forward to hearing from you / receiving your letter (收到你的来信) soon. He had a good time playing computer games. I feel like having a holiday(度假) after working for so long a time. 五、动名词与现在分词的异同 动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能带自己的宾语、状语，构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。 Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语） She hates speaking in the public. （动名词短语，作宾语） 区别： 1.动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词表示主语的内容,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变. My hobby is swimming. 可改为Swimming is my hobby. ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置. The story is interesting . 不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词表示所修饰名词的用途或功能,而现在分词修饰名词时表示性质状态或动作. 1) a swimming boy和a swimming suit a swimming boy = a boy who is swimming. a swimming suit = a suit (that is used) for swimming. 2) a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping. a sleeping car = a car (that is used) for sleeping. Exercises: 1. ironing 2. coming 3. Swimming 4. staying 5. mentioning 6. crying 7. Jogging 8. visiting / to visit 9. Driving 10. watching 11. speaking 12. reading 13. arguing 14. stealing / having stolen 15. writing 16. meeting 17. changing 18. smoking 19. making / having made 20. living 21. holding 22. swimming 23. sleeping 24. apologizing 25. painting 26. waiting 27. motivating 28. travelling 29. reading 30. walking 31. being polluted 32. dancing 33. holding 34. laughing 35. waiting 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $