内容正文:
冀教版七年级下册 Unit 5 单词表
教师备课材料
1. neighbourhood (n.) 街区;邻近地区
近义词: area, district, community
词性转换: neighbour (n. 邻居) → neighbourhood (n.) → neighbourly (adj. 友善的,邻里般的)
搭配: in the neighbourhood 在附近;a friendly neighbourhood 友好的街区
例句: I love my neighbourhood because it's quiet and safe. 我喜欢我的街区,因为它安静又安全。
练习:
1. My next-door ______ (neighbour) is very helpful. (答案:neighbour;解析:此处需要指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. She has a very ______ (neighbour) attitude towards everyone. (答案:neighbourly;解析:此处修饰名词attitude,需要用形容词形式。)
2. neighbour (n.) 邻居
反义词: stranger 陌生人
词性转换: neighbour (n.) → neighbourhood (n.) → neighbourly (adj.)
搭配: next-door neighbour 隔壁邻居
例句: We invited our neighbours to a party last weekend. 上周末我们邀请了邻居来参加聚会。
3. seem (v.) 似乎,好像
近义词: appear, look
词性转换: seem (v.) → seeming (adj. 表面上的) → seemingly (adv. 表面上,看来)
搭配: seem + adj. / seem to do sth / It seems that...
例句: He seems happy with his new job. 他似乎对新工作很满意。
练习:
1. Her ______ (seem) confidence hid her nervousness. (答案:seeming;解析:此处修饰名词confidence,需要用形容词形式。)
2. The task was ______ (seem) impossible to finish. (答案:seemingly;解析:此处修饰形容词impossible,需要用副词形式。)
4. everywhere (adv.) 到处,各处
近义词: all over, in every place
反义词: nowhere 无处
搭配: almost everywhere 几乎到处
例句: After the festival, there was confetti everywhere. 节后,到处都是五彩纸屑。
5. square (n.) 广场;正方形;(adj.) 正方形的
近义词: (n.) plaza;
反义词: (adj.) round 圆的
词性转换: square (n./adj.) → squarely (adv. 直接地,公正地)
搭配: town square 城镇广场;square metre 平方米
例句: The market is held in the old town square. 市场在旧城镇广场举行。
练习:
1. He looked at me ______ (square) in the eye. (答案:squarely;解析:此处修饰动词短语looked at,需要用副词形式。)
2. We need a piece of ______ (square) paper. (答案:square;解析:此处修饰名词paper,需要用形容词形式。)
6. deal (v.) 处理,应对;(n.) 交易,协议
近义词: (v.) handle, manage; (n.) agreement, bargain
反义词: (v.) avoid 避免
词性转换: deal (v./n.) → dealer (n. 经销商) → dealing (n. 交易,往来)
搭配: deal with 处理;a good deal 很多,大量
例句: Parents have to deal with many challenges. 父母必须应对许多挑战。
练习:
1. He is a used-car ______ (deal). (答案:dealer;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式,意为“经销商”。)
2. Honest business ______ (deal) is important. (答案:dealings;解析:此处指商业往来,常用复数形式dealings。)
7. project (n.) 项目,工程;(v.) 规划;投射
近义词: (n.) plan, scheme; (v.) plan, cast
词性转换: project (n./v.) → projection (n. 投射,预测) → projector (n. 投影仪)
搭配: science project 科学项目;project a movie 放映电影
例句: Our group project is about environmental protection. 我们的小组项目是关于环境保护的。
练习:
1. We need a new ______ (project) for the presentation. (答案:projector;解析:根据句意“演示需要一台新的投影仪”,需用名词。)
2. The company made a sales ______ (project) for next year. (答案:projection;解析:此处指“预测”,用名词形式。)
8. interview (n. & v.) 面试,采访
近义词: (n.) meeting, questioning; (v.) question, talk to
词性转换: interview (n./v.) → interviewer (n. 面试官,采访者) → interviewee (n. 受访者)
搭配: have an interview 参加面试;job interview 工作面试
例句: She did very well in the job interview. 她在工作面试中表现得很好。
练习:
1. The ______ (interview) asked me some difficult questions. (答案:interviewer;解析:指提问的“人”,用名词形式。)
2. All the ______ (interview) were very nervous. (答案:interviewees;解析:指被面试的“人们”,用名词复数形式。)
9. tailor (n.) 裁缝;(v.) 量身定制
近义词: (n.) dressmaker; (v.) customize, adapt
反义词: (v.) standardize 标准化
词性转换: tailor (n./v.) → tailoring (n. 裁缝业,剪裁) → tailored (adj. 定做的,合身的)
搭配: go to the tailor's 去裁缝店;tailor sth to... 为...量身定制
例句: My grandfather was a tailor. 我祖父曾是个裁缝。
练习:
1. She is studying fashion and ______ (tailor). (答案:tailoring;解析:与fashion并列,指一门“行业”或“技艺”,用名词形式。)
2. He was wearing a beautifully ______ (tailor) suit. (答案:tailored;解析:此处修饰名词suit,需要用形容词形式,意为“定做的”。)
10. another (pron. & det.) 另一个
近义词: one more, a different one
反义词: the same 同一个
词性转换: (通常用作限定词或代词)
搭配: one after another 一个接一个;another day 改天
例句: Would you like another cup of tea? 你想再来一杯茶吗?
11. bakery (n.) 面包店
近义词: baker's (shop)
词性转换: bake (v. 烘烤) → baker (n. 面包师) → bakery (n.)
搭配: at/in the bakery 在面包店
例句: The smell from the bakery is wonderful in the morning. 早上面包店的香味好极了。
练习:
1. My father is a ______ (bake). He makes delicious bread. (答案:baker;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. We learned how ______ (bake) a cake in class. (答案:to bake;解析:learn how to do sth,后接动词不定式。)
12. full (adj.) 满的;饱的
近义词: filled, complete
反义词: empty 空的;hungry 饿的
词性转换: full (adj.) → fully (adv. 完全地) → fullness (n. 充满,丰满)
搭配: be full of 充满...;full name 全名
例句: The cinema was full last night. 昨晚电影院满座了。
练习:
1. I ______ (full) agree with your opinion. (答案:fully;解析:此处修饰动词agree,需要用副词形式。)
2. The ______ (full) of the moon is beautiful. (答案:fullness;解析:此处指“满月”的状态,用名词形式。)
13. treat (v.) 对待;治疗;请客;(n.) 款待,乐事
近义词: (v.) handle, cure; (n.) delight, pleasure
反义词: (v.) neglect 忽视
词性转换: treat (v./n.) → treatment (n. 治疗,对待) → treatable (adj. 可治疗的)
搭配: treat sb well/ badly 待某人好/坏;treat sb to sth 请某人吃...
例句: I'll treat you to ice cream for your good grades. 为了庆祝你的好成绩,我请你吃冰淇淋。
练习:
1. She is receiving ______ (treat) for her illness. (答案:treatment;解析:此处指“治疗”,用名词形式。)
2. Many diseases are ______ (treat) now. (答案:treatable;解析:此处作表语,描述疾病的性质,用形容词形式。)
14. a.m. (abbr.) 上午,午前
近义词: in the morning
反义词: p.m. 下午,午后
搭配: at 7 a.m. 在早上七点
例句: The meeting starts at 9:30 a.m. 会议在上午九点半开始。
15. polite (adj.) 有礼貌的
近义词: courteous, respectful
反义词: rude, impolite 粗鲁的
词性转换: polite (adj.) → politely (adv.) → politeness (n.)
搭配: be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌
例句: It is polite to say "thank you" and "please". 说“谢谢”和“请”是有礼貌的。
练习:
1. He asked ______ (polite) for directions. (答案:politely;解析:此处修饰动词asked,需要用副词形式。)
2. ______ (polite) costs nothing but means a lot. (答案:Politeness;解析:此处作主语,需要用名词形式。)
16. grocery (n.) 食品杂货;[常作 groceries] 食品杂货
词性转换: grocery (n.) → grocer (n. 食品杂货商)
搭配: grocery store/shop 杂货店;buy groceries 买食品杂货
例句: We need to buy some groceries for the week. 我们需要买些这周的食品杂货。
练习:
1. The local ______ (grocery) knows all his customers. (答案:grocer;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. She put the ______ (grocery) away in the kitchen. (答案:groceries;解析:此处指购买的“物品”,常用复数形式。)
17. store (n.) 商店;(v.) 储存
近义词: (n.) shop; (v.) keep, save
反义词: (v.) use, consume 使用,消耗
词性转换: store (n./v.) → storage (n. 储存,储藏空间)
搭配: department store 百货商店;store up 储存起来
例句: You can store your photos on the computer. 你可以把照片储存在电脑里。
练习:
1. We need more ______ (store) space for our luggage. (答案:storage;解析:此处修饰名词space,需要用名词形式作定语,意为“储藏的”。)
2. The data is ______ (store) in the cloud. (答案:stored;解析:此处构成被动语态,需要用动词的过去分词形式。)
18. clothing (n.) [总称] 衣服,衣着
近义词: clothes, garments
词性转换: cloth (n. 布料) → clothe (v. 给...穿衣) → clothing (n.)
搭配: warm clothing 保暖衣物;clothing industry 服装业
例句: This factory produces children's clothing. 这家工厂生产童装。
练习:
1. She cut the ______ (clothe) to make a dress. (答案:cloth;解析:此处指“布料”这种材料,用名词单数形式。)
2. It's our duty to feed and ______ (clothing) the poor. (答案:clothe;解析:与feed并列作不定式,需要用动词原形。)
19. town (n.) 城镇,市镇
近义词: city, municipality (但town通常比city小)
反义词: countryside, village 乡村,村庄
词性转换: town (n.) → townsfolk/townspeople (n. 镇民) → downtown (n./adj./adv. 市中心/的/地)
搭配: town centre 镇中心;go to town 进城
例句: They moved from a big city to a small town. 他们从大城市搬到了一个小镇。
20. snake (n.) 蛇
近义词: serpent
词性转换: snake (n.) → snaky (adj. 蛇形的,弯曲的)
搭配: a poisonous snake 毒蛇
例句: Some people are very afraid of snakes. 有些人非常害怕蛇。
21. simple (adj.) 简单的;朴素的
近义词: easy, uncomplicated, plain
反义词: complex, complicated 复杂的;fancy 花哨的
词性转换: simple (adj.) → simply (adv.) → simplicity (n.) → simplify (v. 简化)
搭配: simple life 简朴的生活;keep it simple 保持简单
例句: The instructions are simple and clear. 说明简单明了。
练习:
1. He lives ______ (simple) and happily. (答案:simply;解析:此处修饰动词lives,需要用副词形式。)
2. The teacher tried to ______ (simple) the difficult concept. (答案:simplify;解析:try to do sth,后接动词原形,此处意为“简化”。)
22. farming (n.) 务农,农业
近义词: agriculture
词性转换: farm (n. 农场) → farmer (n. 农民) → farming (n.)
搭配: organic farming 有机农业;farming community 农业社区
例句: His family has been in farming for generations. 他家世代务农。
练习:
1. The ______ (farm) gets up very early every day. (答案:farmer;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. They ______ (farm) the land and grow vegetables. (答案:farm;解析:此处作谓语动词,需要用动词形式,意为“耕种”。)
23. field (n.) 田地;领域,场地
近义词: farmland; area, domain
词性转换: field (n.) → fielder (n. 外场手) → fieldwork (n. 实地考察)
搭配: football field 足球场;in the field of science 在科学领域
例句: The cows are grazing in the field. 牛在田里吃草。
24. hen (n.) 母鸡
反义词: rooster, cock 公鸡
词性转换: hen (n.) → henhouse (n. 鸡舍)
搭配: a hen and her chicks 母鸡和小鸡
例句: The hen laid an egg this morning. 这只母鸡今早下了一个蛋。
25. circle (n.) 圆,圆圈;(v.) 圈出;盘旋
近义词: (n.) ring; (v.) encircle, surround
反义词: (v.) square off 成方形
词性转换: circle (n./v.) → circular (adj. 圆形的,循环的)
搭配: draw a circle 画一个圆;circle the correct answer 圈出正确答案
例句: Please sit in a circle. 请坐成一个圈。
练习:
1. The building has a ______ (circle) shape. (答案:circular;解析:此处修饰名词shape,需要用形容词形式。)
2. The plane ______ (circle) the airport before landing. (答案:circled;解析:此处描述过去发生的动作,用动词过去式。)
26. grow (v.) 生长;种植;增长
近义词: develop, increase, cultivate
反义词: shrink, decrease 缩小,减少;die 死亡
词性转换: grow (v.) → growth (n.) → growing (adj. 不断增长的) → grower (n. 种植者)
搭配: grow up 长大成人;grow vegetables 种菜
例句: Children grow very fast. 孩子们长得很快。
练习:
1. There has been a rapid ______ (grow) in population. (答案:growth;解析:此处作主语,需要用名词形式。)
2. He is a tomato ______ (grow) in California. (答案:grower;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
27. own (adj.) 自己的;(v.) 拥有
近义词: (adj.) personal; (v.) possess, have
反义词: (v.) disown 否认,断绝关系;rent 租用
词性转换: own (adj./v.) → owner (n.) → ownership (n. 所有权)
搭配: my own room 我自己的房间;own a house 拥有房子
例句: I want to have my own business one day. 我希望有一天能拥有自己的生意。
练习:
1. Who is the ______ (own) of this beautiful car? (答案:owner;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. The question of ______ (own) is complicated. (答案:ownership;解析:此处作介词宾语,指“所有权”这个概念,用名词形式。)
28. fresh (adj.) 新鲜的;新的;清新的
近义词: new, recent, crisp
反义词: stale 不新鲜的;old 旧的;stuffy 闷热的
词性转换: fresh (adj.) → freshly (adv.) → freshness (n.) → freshen (v. 使新鲜,使焕然一新)
搭配: fresh air 新鲜空气;fresh fruit 新鲜水果
例句: Let's open the window for some fresh air. 我们开窗透透气吧。
练习:
1. The bread was ______ (fresh) baked this morning. (答案:freshly;解析:此处修饰动词的过去分词baked,需要用副词形式。)
2. I need to ______ (fresh) up before dinner. (答案:freshen;解析:need to do sth,后接动词原形,意为“梳洗焕新”。)
29. knee (n.) 膝盖
词性转换: knee (n.) → kneel (v. 跪下)
搭配: on one's knees 跪着;knee injury 膝盖受伤
例句: He fell and hurt his knee. 他摔倒了,伤了膝盖。
练习:
1. She had to ______ (knee) down to look for the coin. (答案:kneel;解析:had to do sth,后接动词原形。)
2. The ______ (knee) of his jeans were torn. (答案:knees;解析:此处指“膝盖部位”,用名词复数形式。)
30. lift (v.) 举起,抬起;(n.) [英] 电梯
近义词: (v.) raise, hoist; (n.) elevator
反义词: (v.) lower, drop 放下,降低
词性转换: lift (v./n.) → lifter (n. 举重运动员;升降装置)
搭配: give sb a lift 让某人搭便车;lift weights 举重
例句: Can you help me lift this heavy box? 你能帮我抬起这个重箱子吗?
练习:
1. He is a champion weight ______ (lift). (答案:lifter;解析:此处指“人”,用名词形式。)
2. The ______ (lift) is out of order, so we have to take the stairs. (答案:lift;解析:此处指“电梯”,用名词形式。)
31. apartment (n.) [美] 公寓套房
近义词: [英] flat
反义词: house 独立房屋
词性转换: apartment (n.) → apartment building/block (n. 公寓楼)
搭配: rent an apartment 租一套公寓
例句: They live in a small apartment in the city centre. 他们住在市中心的一间小公寓里。
32. wide (adj.) 宽的,宽阔的;(adv.) 充分地
近义词: (adj.) broad, expansive
反义词: (adj.) narrow 狭窄的
词性转换: wide (adj./adv.) → widen (v. 加宽,变宽) → width (n. 宽度)
搭配: wide open 大开的;worldwide 全世界的
例句: The river is very wide here. 这里的河面很宽。
练习:
1. The government plans to ______ (wide) this road. (答案:widen;解析:plan to do sth,后接动词原形,意为“拓宽”。)
2. What is the ______ (wide) of the swimming pool? (答案:width;解析:此处询问尺寸,需要用名词形式。)
33. narrow (adj.) 狭窄的;(v.) 变窄
近义词: (adj.) thin, tight
反义词: (adj.) wide, broad 宽的
词性转换: narrow (adj./v.) → narrowly (adv. 勉强地,狭窄地) → narrowness (n.)
搭配: narrow street 狭窄的街道;narrow down 缩小范围
例句: The path became narrower as we went up the mountain. 我们上山时,小路变窄了。
练习:
1. He ______ (narrow) escaped the accident. (答案:narrowly;解析:此处修饰动词escaped,需要用副词形式,意为“勉强地”。)
2. The ______ (narrow) of his views surprised me. (答案:narrowness;解析:此处作主语,指“狭隘性”,用名词形式。)
34. past (prep.) 过,经过;(n.) 过去;(adj.) 过去的
近义词: (n.) history, former times; (adj.) former, previous
反义词: (n./adj.) future, present 未来/将来的,现在/现在的
词性转换: past (prep./n./adj.) → (词性本身多样)
搭配: in the past 在过去;walk past 走过;past experience 过去的经验
例句: He walked past me without saying hello. 他从我身边走过,连招呼都没打。
35. corner (n.) 角落;拐角处
近义词: nook, angle
反义词: centre 中心
词性转换: corner (n.) → cornered (adj. 有...角的;被逼入绝境的)
搭配: around the corner 在拐角处;即将来临;in the corner 在角落里
例句: There's a supermarket on the corner of the street. 街角有一家超市。
练习:
1. The cat was ______ (corner) and looked scared. (答案:cornered;解析:此处作表语,描述猫的状态,意为“被逼到角落的”,用形容词形式。)
2. It's a three-______ (corner) hat. (答案:cornered;解析:此处构成复合形容词,意为“有三个角的”。)
36. mall (n.) 购物中心
近义词: shopping centre/mall
词性转换: mall (n.) → (通常无转换)
搭配: go to the mall 去购物中心
例句: Teenagers like to hang out at the mall. 青少年喜欢在购物中心闲逛。
37. subway (n.) [美] 地铁;[英] 地下通道
近义词: [英] underground, tube; underpass
反义词: overpass 天桥
词性转换: subway (n.) → (通常无转换)
搭配: take the subway 乘地铁;subway station 地铁站
例句: The subway is the fastest way to get downtown. 地铁是去市中心最快的方式。
38. railway (n.) [英] 铁路
近义词: [美] railroad
词性转换: railway (n.) → railway station (n. 火车站)
搭配: railway line/track 铁路线
例句: The new railway will connect the two cities. 新铁路将连接这两座城市。
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