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SECTION Ⅱ LESSON 1
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英语·选择性必修第三册(BSD)
课文 对照释疑
01
新知 点点突破
02
要点 层层精析
04
课时 素养提升
05
课文 篇章理解
03
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课文 篇章理解
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要点 层层精析
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课时·素养提升
点击进入WORD链接
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[教材原文]
Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together,hunting for apartments with northfacing windows and low rents.At the top of a threestory building,Sue and Johnsy had their studio.
In November,a cold,unseen stranger,whom the doctors called Pneumonia,arrived in Greenwich Village.Mr Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy;and she lay,barely moving,in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.
The doctor took Sue aside and claimed,“She has one chance in—let us say,ten.And that chance is for her to want to live.Try to encourage her to think more hopeful thoughts,about the future,about living.”
Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy's room and began a pen drawing,in an attempt to raise Johnsy's spirits.Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her.Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten,nine,eight, seven...”
“What are you counting, dear?” asked Sue.“They're falling faster now,”replied Johnsy.“Three days ago there were almost a hundred.But now it's easy. There are only five left now.Five leaves on the ivy vine. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn't the doctor tell you?”
“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy's mind was made up.“I want to see the last one fall.I'm tired of waiting. I want to go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.”
“Try to sleep,” said Sue. Then she went to fetch her neighbor, Mr Behrman,to be a model for her drawing. He was a failed painter.In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief. “Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from a vine?This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick.Someday I will paint a masterpiece,and we shall all go away.”
Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.What's more,a cold rain was falling,mixed with snow.
The next morning,Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened.One leaf remained on the vine,bravely holding on in the wind and rain.“It will fall today.And I will die with it.”
The following day,Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened.The leaf was still there!
Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it.“I've been a bad girl,Sue,”said Johnsy.“It is a crime to want to die.”Then she asked for some food.
In the afternoon,the doctor visited,“Even chances,”said the doctor,“with good nursing,you'll win.And now I must see a fellow downstairs,Behrman.Pneumonia,too.There is no hope for him.”
The next day,Sue came to Johnsy's bed.“I have something to tell you,”she said.“Mr Behrman died today.He was ill for only two days.The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern,still lit,and some brushes,and—look out the window,dear,at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never moved an inch when the wind blew?Ah,dear,it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”
[汉语译文]
格林威治(Greenwich)村是个艺术人士聚集的地方,他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低的公寓。苏(Sue)和约翰西(Johnsy)的画室就在一座三层楼的顶楼。
十一月份的时候,一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见(unseen)、医生称之为“肺炎(pneumonia)”的不速之客,来到了格林威治村。“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的(icy)手指放在约翰西身上,于是她躺在床上,几乎不动,盖着毯子(blanket),眼睛盯着(stare)一堵空(blank)墙。
医生把苏拉到一边(aside),说:“她的病只有,这么说吧,只有一成希望,这一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去。尽量鼓励她多想想有希望的事情、想想未来、想想活下去。”
苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间,开始画钢笔画,试着让约翰西打起精神。约翰西的眼睛是睁着的,但是并没有看苏。相反,她望向窗外,倒(backwards)数着:“十,九,八,七……”
“你在数什么啊,亲爱的?”苏问道。“它们现在掉得更快了,三天前差不多还有一百来片。现在数起来容易了,只剩下五片了。常春藤(ivy vine)上有五片叶子。当最后一片掉下来的时候,我就要离开人世了,难道医生没有跟你说吗?”约翰西回答说。
“哦,我从未听说过这么荒谬的话(nonsense)。”苏立刻答道。但是约翰西决心已定。“我想看着最后一片叶子掉下来,我已经等腻了。我想随风而逝[sail(乘船)航行],就像一片可怜的、疲倦的藤叶一样。”
“尽量睡一会儿吧,”苏说道。然后她去叫(fetch)邻居伯曼(Behrman)先生来作绘画模特。他是个失败的画手,40年来,他从未创作出他所渴望的杰作。苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样流逝(slip)。伯曼不可置信(disbelief)地喊道:“世界上竟有这种傻子,认为藤叶落掉他们就得死?约翰西小姐实在不应该躺在这里生病。总有一天我要画一幅杰作,然后我们就可以离开这里。”
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓,发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。更糟糕的是,外面下起冰冷的雨来,雨夹着雪。
第二天早上,约翰西醒来,让打开窗帘(curtain)。藤上还留着一片叶子,在风雨中勇敢地撑着。“它今天会掉下来的,我也会和它一同死去。”
又过了一天,约翰西又让打开窗帘。叶子还在那儿!
约翰西躺了很久,看着它说:“我真是一个坏姑娘,苏,不想活下去是罪恶(crime)。”然后她要了些吃的。
下午,医生来了,“康复的希望有五成了,只要好好护理,你会胜利的。现在我得去楼下看另一个病人(fellow),伯曼先生,也是肺炎。他没有希望了。”
再过了一天,苏来到约翰西的床前。“我有些话要告诉你。”她说,“伯曼先生今天去世了。他生病只有两天时间。昨天早晨,看门人(janitor)发现他无助地躺在床上,极度痛苦。他的鞋和衣服(clothing)都湿透了,冰凉冰凉的。他们想不出,在那凄风冷雨的夜里,他究竟是到什么地方去了。后来,他们找到了一盏还亮着的灯笼,还有几支画刷——亲爱的,看看窗外,墙上最后的那片叶子。你不觉得奇怪嘛,为什么那片叶子在风中一动不动呢(inch英寸)?啊,亲爱的,因为那是伯曼的杰作——那天晚上最后的一片叶子掉落时,他画上去的。”
●基础单词
1. unseen adj. 未受注意的;未被看见的
2. stare vi. 凝视,盯着看
3. blanket n. 毯子,毛毯
4. aside adv. 到旁边,在旁边
5. backwards adv. 往回,往前面;向后,朝后
6. fetch vt. (去)拿来;(去)请来;(去)找来
7. curtain n. 窗帘;门帘;帘子
8. crime n.罪,罪行;犯罪活动
9. fellow n. 男人;家伙
10. inch n. 英寸
●拓展单词
1. ice n.冰→ icy adj.极冷的;被冰覆盖的
2. blank adj.空白的n. (纸张上的)空白处,空格→blankness n.空,空白;单调;空虚
3. sail vi.&vt.(乘船)航行→ sailor n.水手,海员,驾船人
4. slip vi.溜走,悄悄地走;滑倒→ slippery adj.滑的
5. clothing n.服装,衣服,衣物→ clothes n.衣服→cloth n.布,织物
1. hunt for 寻找
2. take aside 把……带到一边
3. in an attempt 力图,试图
4. make up 构成,形成;编造;下(决定)
5. be tired of 对……感到疲倦、心烦
6. long to do 渴望做
7. hold on 继续,坚持住;握住不放
8. be wet through 湿透了
1.动词ing形式作定语。
Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓,发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。
2.find+宾语+宾补的复合结构。
The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.
昨天早晨,看门人发现他无助地躺在床上,极度痛苦。
Ⅰ.Read the text and finish the following exercises.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.The text is organized by ________ .
A.place
B.time
C.character
D.thing
2.What did the doctor advise Sue to do?
A.Encourage Johnsy to have a hope to live.
B.Take Johnsy back home.
C.Buy some flowers for Johnsy.
D.Paint leaves for Johnsy.
3.What kind of person is Johnsy?
A.Pessimistic.
B.Optimistic.
C.Careless.
D.Cautious.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about Sue?
A.Considerate, kind and patient.
B.Kind, determined and brave.
C.Careless, mean and selfish.
D.Pessmistic, badtempered and impatient.
5.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Behrman sacrificed his life to save Johnsy.
B.Behrman finished his masterpiece.
C.Behrman died helplessly.
D.The janitor found the truth.
答案: 1~5 BAAAD
Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text.
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
1.stare at盯着,凝视(指目光长时间对着一个物体或人)
(1)give sb.a/an...stare 注视着某人
(2)glance at 瞥,扫视;浏览
glance over/through 浏览
have/take a glance at 朝……一瞥
at a glance 看一眼
at first glance 乍一看
(3)glare at 怒视,瞪着
◆[经典佳句]
He stared at me with his mouth open.
他张着嘴盯着我。
The boy glanced through/over the book and decided to buy it.
男孩浏览了一下那本书并决定买下它。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①The little girl stared at the little dog playing on the floor.
小女孩盯着在地板上玩耍的小狗。
②She glared at him, her cheeks flushing.
她瞪着他,两腮涨得通红。
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
翻译句子
③我浏览了一下报纸。
I glanced over/through at the newspaper .
④他一眼就看出了问题所在。
He could tell at a glance what was wrong .
2.aside adv. 到旁边,在旁边;留;存
take aside 把……拉到一边
turn aside 转向一边;避开;把……转向别处
leave aside 不予考虑;搁置一边
push aside 把……向旁边推
put aside 放置一边,不考虑;储存
stand aside 站到一边;让开,避开
set aside 把……放到一旁;留出(钱或时间)
step aside 让位,退位;走到一边
sweep aside 对……置之不理
◆[经典佳句]
He took me aside and began to talk to me about his boyhood.
他把我拉到一边,开始向我谈起他的童年。
He turned aside and let those who were waiting passby.
他转过身来,让等候的人过去。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
选词填空:put/step/set/sweep/take/turn
①She had been standing in the doorway,but now she ________ aside to let them pass.
②All their advice was ________ aside.
③She ________ me aside so that no one would overhear her proposal.
④Some doctors advise ________ aside a certain hour each day for worry.
⑤Before it could be spoken another thought ________ it aside.
⑥We should ________ aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
⑦We'll ________ (把……搁置一旁) the problem of agency until next week.
⑧It's time for me to ________ (让位) and let a younger person become chairman.
答案:①stepped ②swept ③took ④setting ⑤turned ⑥put ⑦leave aside ⑧step aside
3.blank adj. 空白的;茫然的 n. (纸张上的)空白处,空格
(1)go blank 一片空白
fill in the blanks 在空白处填写
blank faces/ looks /expressions/eyes
茫然的表情/眼睛
(2)blankly adv. 茫然地;没有表情地
◆[经典佳句]
He gave her a blank look,as if he had no idea who she was.
他茫然地看了看她,好像不认识她似的。
Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence.
在每个空格处填一个单词完成句子。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①She stared ________ (blank) into space,not knowing what to say next.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
② ______________ (填空) and check with the answers given.
③A wide smile emerged from __________________ (他茫然的表情).
④Jim was watching a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television ______________ (出现一片空白).
答案:①blankly ②Fill in the blanks ③his blank expression ④went blank
4.claim v.声称;(根据权利)要求;认领;(灾难等)使失踪[死亡]
claim+n. 索取;获得
claim+that从句 声称
claim to do sth./to be 声称做某事/声称是……
claim on/for 要求;认领
It is claimed that ... 据说……
◆[经典佳句]
He claimed that he had done the work without help.
他声称他没有得到帮助就完成了这项工作。
I don't claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①He came here to claim on/for his lost watch.
②They claim to have (have) a 40% worldwide market share.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
③He claimed to be the best player in the football team.
他自称是足球队中最好的球员。
④ It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作80小时。
5.attempt n.& vt.尝试,努力;试图;企图
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 打算做某事/试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
make no attempt to do sth. 不打算做某事
at the first/second attempt... 第一/二次尝试……
(2)attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
◆[经典佳句]
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
为了削减费用关闭了两家工厂。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰——乞力马扎罗山。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
②He attempted to escape (escape) from the prison, but he couldn't find anybody to help him.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
③Don't attempt to do/make an attempt at doing so much in such a short time.
时间这么短,别想干这么多的事。
④I made no attempt to make friends with her.
我不打算和她做朋友。
6.disbelief n.不信,怀疑
(1)belief n. 信仰,信心,信任
have/lose belief in... 对……有信心/失去信心
beyond one's belief 令某人难以置信
in the/one's belief that... 相信/认定……
hold the belief that ... 坚信……
(2)believe v. 相信
believe in = trust/have faith in 信任/信仰
believe it or not 信不信由你
◆[经典佳句]
Years of doubt and disbelief disappeared like the passing storm.
多年来的怀疑与不信任感已随暴风雨的消失而消失了。
I'm always in the belief that he will succeed.
我始终相信他会成功。
◆[名师点津] belief的复数是beliefs。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①I have complete belief in my friends.
对朋友我是完全信任的。
②It is beyond belief that his aunt, an 80yearold lady, can sing and dance so wonderfully.
他的姑姑,一位80岁的老太太能唱能跳得那么好,真是令人难以置信。
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
翻译句子
③他来同我辩论,认定我会同意他的观点。
He came to debate with me in the belief that I would agree with him .
④信不信由你,我们已经等他等了将近三个小时了。
Believe it or not, we have been waiting for him for nearly three hours .
7.remaining adj.剩余的
(1)remain vi. 留下,遗留 linkv.保持,依然是
remain+形容词/名词/分词/介词短语 保持……
It remains to be seen/done (whether/what ...) 尚不确定……
(2)remains n.遗物,遗迹;遗骸
◆[经典佳句]
Any remaining tickets for the concert will be sold on the door.
剩余门票将于音乐会时现场发售。
It remains to be seen whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息有待证实。
◆[名师点津]
(1)remain作系动词用时,其后可接形容词、名词、分词和不定式的被动形式等作表语。
(2)remaining通常作前置定语,而left作“剩下的”讲时,在句中作后置定语。the money left = the remaining money意为“剩下的钱”。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①His remains (remain) were buried in the churchyard.
②She left with the remaining (remain) 20 dollars.
③It remains to be seen whether you are right.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
④Many problems remain to be solved .
有好多问题尚待解决。
⑤The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading.
客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书。
8.be/get tired of (doing) sth./sb. 对(做)某事/某人不耐烦或厌倦
be tired with/from 因为……而疲倦
tire sb./oneself out 使感到筋疲力尽
be tired out 筋疲力尽
◆[经典佳句]
The employees were tired of working extra hours and some of them even quit their work.
员工们厌倦了加班,有些人甚至辞掉了工作。
I was tired out after a day's cleaning.
一天的扫除使我筋疲力尽。
◆[名师点津]
be tired of对……厌倦,厌烦;be tired with/from由于某种原因而疲倦。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①On the contrary, volunteers couldn't wait to experience the life there, for they are tired of the life on the earth .
相反,志愿者们迫不及待地想体验那里的生活,因为他们已经对地球上的生活感到厌倦了。
②He was tired with/from the long walking. As a result, he didn't go to the concert.
长途跋涉令他疲惫不堪,所以他没有去参加音乐会。
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
翻译句子
③我爬那座陡峭的山爬累了。
I'm tired with/from climbing that steep hill .
1.(教材P31)Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓,发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。
[句式结构] 动词ing形式作定语。
◆[规律总结]
(1)表示现在(或当时)的状态,变为定语从句时常用一般时态。
(2)表示正在进行的动作,变为定语从句时要用进行时态。
(3)动词ing形式作定语时,它所表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后,一般不用动词ing形式作定语,这时应用定语从句。
(4)表示被动时,现在分词形式为being done。
◆[经典佳句]
Many people can't keep up with the changing situation.
许多人跟不上不断变化的形势。
I hope to learn more about the activities going on there.
我想更多地了解一下那里正进行的活动。
◆[名师点津]
单个的动词ing形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面;动词ing形式短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。
◆[误区规避] 语法填空:
The house _______ (build) now is for the old couple.
(可能失误)填built
(正确表达)填being built
(错误分析)built表示已完成且被动。语境有时间标志词now修饰,表示此时此刻,用现在分词的被动形式,故填:being built。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①They lived in a house facing south .
他们住在一座朝南的房子里。
②The building being built now will be our dinning hall.
现在正在建造的那栋楼将会是我们的食堂。
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
句型转换
③The man who was speaking to us the other day is our headmaster.
→The man speaking to us the other day is our headmaster.
④The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow .
2.(教材P31)The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.
昨天早晨,看门人发现他无助地躺在床上,极度痛苦。
[句式结构] find+宾语+宾补的复合结构。
◆[规律总结]
find的常见复合结构为:
◆[经典佳句]
When I came in, I found her watching TV.
当我进去时,我发现她正在看电视。
We came home and found David asleep on the sofa.
当我们回到家时,发现戴维在沙发上睡着了。
He hurried back to the company, only to find the door closed.
他匆忙赶回公司,结果发现门关着。
◆[名师点津]
当find的复合宾语结构中的宾语为不定式、动名词或宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在宾补之后。
◆[误区规避] 语法填空:
Whenever I meet the boy,I find him ________ (absorb) in reading the novel.
(可能失误)填absorbing
(正确表达)填absorbed
(错误分析)absorb为及物动词,常用于absorb sb./oneself in (doing) sth.此处的him与absorb构成动宾关系,故使用过去分词absorbed作宾语补足语。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①I often found myself telling (tell)my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
②He was found cheating (cheat) in the test.
③I found some trees along the road cut (cut) down.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
④She returned to her home to find her back door forced open .
她回到家中,发现后门被强行打开了。
⑤I find it necessary that we have a word with them.
我觉得我们有必要和他们谈一谈。
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