内容正文:
SECTION Ⅴ LESSON 3 THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY
UNIT 9 LEARNING
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课文 对照释疑
01
课文 篇章理解
03
要点 层层精析
04
03
课时 素养提升
05
01
新知 点点突破
02
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新知 点点突破
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课文 篇章理解
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要点 层层精析
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课时·素养提升
点击进入WORD链接
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[教材原文]
Memory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers some of the most common questions about memory.
1.Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week?
We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially emotional connections.Childhood memories are often very emotional.This is because when we experience things for the first time , we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement .Also, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again . As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
What can we learn from all this? When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions. It is important to connect it with what we already know. Also, we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
2.Do some people really have a photographic memory?
A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture,a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories. Yet, there are some people who do have amazing memories. For example, Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22 , 514 digits of pi(π) and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter.They are both good at remembering particular thing for a limited time.
As most of us do not have amazing memories like them,when memorising detailed learning materials,we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn.Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation.Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
3.Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday?
Don't worry.This is natural for many people.In 1885,Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve.According to him,the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.This means timely review during this period,with a few revisits to what is learnt,can significantly help us to remember the information.
Therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning. This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effective than waiting to review everything before exams.
4.I'm 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse?
Definitely not. Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25. At that point, we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second. After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller. By the age of 40, we lose 10,000 brain cells every day. By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
So take it easy. You are at a good age in terms of your memory. Make good use of it!
[汉语译文]
记忆专家杰迈玛·格里耶兹诺夫回答了一些关于记忆的最常见的问题。
1.为什么我记得童年时期(childhood)的一些事却不记得上周发生的事情?
我们会记住头脑中有较强关联的事情,特别是情感(emotional)联系。童年记忆往往非常感性。这是因为我们第一次经历事情时,常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋(excitement)感。除此之外,我们童年时代有趣或好笑的故事总是讲了又讲。重述事件能加强我们对事件的印象,因此(as a result),我们能更好地记住这些经历。
我们从中可以得到什么启发?要记住新内容,试着把内容和情感建立联系。把新内容和已有知识建立联系也很重要。同时,还可以试着把新学的内容讲述给另外的人。
2.真的有人有照相(photographic)记忆能力吗?
拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、某一本书或某一事件的每一个细节,但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。然而,的确有些人记忆力惊人。例如,丹尼尔·塔梅可以记住圆周率(pi)的前22 514位数(digit),而斯蒂芬·威尔夏可以坐直升机(helicopter)俯瞰一个城市后凭记忆画出这个城市的详细图片。他们都善于在有限的时间内记住特定的事物。
大多数人并不具有像他们那样惊人的记忆力,因此我们在记忆内容详尽的学习材料时,只要把注意力放到概要方面,并对所学内容保持好奇。对所学内容提出问题也能帮助记忆(memorisation)。另外一个有效的记忆方法(technique)是给相似的内容或信息分类,这样这些内容更容易与已有知识建立联系。
3.为什么我会忘记昨天学的生词?
别担心。这对许多人来说是很正常。1885年,赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版(publish)了一本叫《关于记忆》的书,提出了著名的遗忘曲线(curve)。根据他的说法,最显著的(sharp)遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。这意味着在这一阶段及时(timely)复习,多次回顾所学内容,可以明显地帮助我们记住这些内容。
因此,提升我们记忆效果的一个重要原则是经常(periodically)复习,特别是在学完之后的第一天。这种学习后立即进行“定时复习”有助于提升记忆,而且比等到考试前再复习全部内容有效得多。
4.我16岁,但有时会忘记事情。我的记忆力是在变差吗?
当然不是。我们的记忆力在25岁时达到顶峰。在那时,我们可以在一秒钟内记住多达200条信息。然而,此后大脑就开始变小。到了40岁,我们每天会损失10 000个脑细胞(cell)。到了中年,我们的记忆力会明显比年轻的时候差。
所以不要紧张(take it easy)。你正处在记忆力上佳的年龄。要充分利用这一点!
●基础单词
1. childhood n.童年,儿童时代
2. publish vt.出版;发表;刊登
3. curve n.曲线,弧线
4. timely adj.适时的,及时的
5. cell n.细胞
6. memorization n.记忆
7. technique n.技巧,手法
●拓展单词
1. arrangement n.计划;安排→ arrange v.安排;整理
2. emotional adj.情感上的;情绪上的→ emotion n.情感;感情
3. excitement n.兴奋,激动→ excite v.使兴奋;刺激→ excited adj.兴奋的;激动的→ exciting adj.令人兴奋的;令人激动的
4. photographic adj.照片的,摄影的→ photo n.照片,相片→ photography n.摄影;摄影术
5. sharp adj.急剧的,猛烈的;尖的,锋利的→ sharply adv.严厉地,明确地,突然地→ sharpen vt.使锋利
6. periodically adv.定期地→ period n.一段时间,阶段,时期→ periodical adj.定期的,周期的;间发性的
1. for the first time 第一次
2. as a result 结果
3. be good at 擅长
4. focus on 集中于
5. be curious about 对……感到好奇
6. take it easy 放轻松
7. in term of 就……而言;谈及
8. make good use of 充分利用;很好地使用
9. with enthusiasm 热情洋溢地;狂热地
10. be curious about 对……感到好奇
1.because引导的表语从句。
This is because when we experience things for the first time,we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时,我们通常会有强烈的恐惧感或兴奋感。
2.It代替动词不定式作主语。
It is important to connect it with what we already know.
把它与我们已知的知识联系起来是很重要的。
Choose the best answers according to the text.
1.When remembering something new,try to connect it to ________ .
A.our knowledge
B.our experience
C.our emotions
D.our thoughts
2.Who can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi (π)?
A.Stephen Wiltshire.
B.Daniel Tammet.
C.Jemima Gryaznov.
D.Hermann Ebbinghaus.
3.When does the sharpest loss of memory occur?
A.During the very early period after learning.
B.During the first three days after learning.
C.During the first week after learning.
D.During the first hour after learning.
4.How many brain cells do we lose by the age of 40?
A.1,000.
B.100,000.
C.1,000,000.
D.10,000.
5.At what age does our memory reach its full power?
A.16.
B.25.
C.40.
D.20.
答案:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B
1.arrangement n.计划;安排
(1)make arrangements for为……做好安排
make arrangements for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
make an arrangement to do sth.安排做某事
(2)arrange v.整理,排列;计划,安排
arrange for.sth安排某事
arrange to do sth.安排去做某事
arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事
arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事
◆[经典佳句]
They are making arrangements for the party.
他们在为晚会做准备。
I'll arrange for someone to meet you at the station.
我将安排一个人去车站接你。
They made an arrangement to meet at the school gate at 3 pm.
他们约定下午三点钟在校门口见面。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①Let's make arrangements for our trip.
让我们为旅行做准备吧。
②We have finished all the arrangements for the party.
我们已完成了晚会的所有准备工作。
③We made arrangements for her to be treated by a famous doctor.
我们已经安排了一位名医来给她治疗。
④We could make an arrangement to meet at 10 o'clock.
我们可以安排在10点钟见面。
2.emotional adj.情感上的;情绪上的
(1)emotional harm情感伤害
(2)emotion n.强烈的感情;情绪;激情
be overcome with emotion激动得不能自持
a mixture of emotions百感交集
(3)emotionally adv.情绪上;情感上
◆[经典佳句]
He lost control of his emotions at the news.
听到这个消息,他对自己的情绪失去了控制。
The emotional,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be neverending.
母亲在孩子身上付出的情感、体力和精力可能是永无止境的。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①My family provides emotional (emotion) support when I feel very painful.
②He finished his speech emotionally (emotion).
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
③Mary was overcome with emotion yesterday.
昨天玛丽激动得不能自持。
④He could never see the face of Goldstein without a painful mixture of emotions .
每次看到戈德斯坦的面孔,他都禁不住百感交集,痛苦异常。
3.excitement n.兴奋,激动
(1)in excitement兴奋地
with excitement怀着激动的心情
to one's excitement令某人兴奋的是
be full of/filled with excitement满怀激动
(2)excited adj.兴奋的
be excited about对……感到兴奋
(3)excitingadj.令人兴奋的
(4)excitedly adv.兴奋地
◆[经典佳句]
I was excited about the possibility of playing football game again.
一想到有可能再次踢足球,我很兴奋。
They jumped up and down in excitement.
他们兴奋得跳来跳去。
His eyes were wild with excitement.
他眼中流露出极度兴奋的神情。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①Everyone is in a state of great excitement (excite).
②Hearing the news that our team won,we all jumped up with excitement.
③As Children's Day neared,the children became more and more excited (excite).
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
④The boys were running in excitement .
男孩们兴奋地跑来跑去。
⑤Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement .
由于兴奋,她的声音越来越高。
4.as a result作为结果
(1)as a result of因为;由于;作为……的结果
(2)result in 导致;造成
result from 由……引起
◆[经典佳句]
He got up very late today.As a result,he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了,结果没赶上首班车。
He was late as a result of the snow.
由于下大雪他迟到了。
The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam.
坏天气导致了交通阻塞。
His success resulted from his hard work.
努力工作造就了他的成功。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①The train was delayed as a result of the heavy rain.
由于大雨的缘故,火车晚点了。
② As a result ,we have to water the vegetable garden.
因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
一句多译
普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。
③It's generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.
④It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted in his cancer.
⑤It's generally believed that he suffered from cancer as a result of the overfull tiredness.
5.curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的
(1)be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do急于/渴望做某事,好奇做某事
It is curious that...很奇怪……
(2)curiously adv.好奇地
(3)curiosity n.好奇心
◆[经典佳句]
They were curious to know where he'd gone.
他们很想知道他去了哪里。
It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
很奇怪,她不辞而别了。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①As a child,he is curious about everything.
②I am curious to explore (explore)this cave in the mountains.
③It is curious that he gave up the famous university.
④The museum is full of historical curiosities (curious).
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
⑤It is good to be curious about (对……感到好奇)the world around you.
6.take it easy 放轻松
take one's time 别着急;慢慢来
take sth. seriously重视某事;对某事严肃对待
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take...as...把……当作……
◆[经典佳句]
Take it easy.There must be no problem with that.I believe you can make it.
别紧张,肯定没有什么问题的。我相信你一定能成功的。
Take your time.You have plenty of time to finish it.
你可以慢慢来。你有足够的时间完成它。
If you take this assignment,take it seriously and read the instructions.
如果你接受了这个任务,严肃对待它并阅读说明书。
I take it for granted that parents should do everything for us,which is wrong.
我想当然地认为父母应该为我们做好一切,其实这是错误的。
May she also take you as a very important friend?
她也会拿你当很重要的朋友吗?
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
① Take it easy .You'll feel better soon.
放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。
②They take their jobs seriously and are praised by their boss.
他们对待工作认真,受到了老板的表扬。
③ Take your time .We've got plenty of time.
别急,我们有的是时间。
④However,when it comes to the waste of one hour,one day,we take it for granted .
然而,当涉及到一个小时、一天时间的浪费,我们又不以为然了。
⑤If possible,I'd like to take you as an ordinary onlinefriend and not to care about anything of you.
如果可以,我宁愿把你当作一个普通网友,不再关心你的一切。
7.in terms of 根据,依照;谈及;就……而言
in general terms 笼统地讲
in relative terms 相对来说
in cultural/economic/financial terms从文化/经济/财政角度来讲
be on good/bad terms(with sb.)(与某人)关系好/不好
in the long/short term长期/短期内
◆[经典佳句]
I was on good terms with everyone in the football team.
我与足球队里的每个人关系都很好。
In the long term,it is good for children to learn artificial intelligence.
从长远来看,孩子学习人工智能是有好处的。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
②When entering a new school,you should be on good terms with the new teachers and students.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
③ In the short term (从短期来看),the investment income of the project is small.
④ In terms of (就……而言)mileage,new energy vehicles are very good now.
(教材P58)This is because when we experience things for the first time ,we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时,我们通常会有强烈的恐惧感或兴奋感。
[句式结构] 句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”,其中because引导的从句在句中作表语,This有时可用It/That替换,指代上文提到的事实。
◆[规律总结]
(1)This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因
(2)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句)
(3)The reason that/which...is that...
……的理由是……(that/which引导定语从句)
(4)why后引导果,because后引导因。
◆[经典佳句]
Tom was absent from class.That was because he was ill.
汤姆没来上课,那是因为他病了。
Tom was ill.This was why he was absent from class.
汤姆病了,这就是他缺课的原因。
The reason why Tom was absent from class was that he was ill.
汤姆没来上课的原因是他生病了。
The reason that/which Tom made up for being absent from class was that he was ill.
汤姆编造的他没来上课的理由是他生病了。
◆[误区规避] 语法填空:
The boy was sad.It was ________ he failed again in the examination.
(可能失误)填why
(正确表达)填because
(错误分析)空后是“sad”的原因。故填because。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①Lily overslept this morning.That is why she was late for work.
②He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.
③The reason why he was late for the meeting was that he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hour.
④The reason that/which he gave for his being late was that he got up late.
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