内容正文:
SECTION Ⅱ LESSON 1 ROOTS AND SHOOTS
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课文 对照释疑
01
课文 篇章理解
03
要点 层层精析
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03
课时 素养提升
05
01
新知 点点突破
02
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新知 点点突破
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课文 篇章理解
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要点 层层精析
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课时·素养提升
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[教材原文]
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from what is known as “Justmeism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what ? “What difference can it possibly make ?” you say to yourself.
“There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road?And anyway, no one will know.”Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves :“It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.”Millions of gallons of water would be wasted;millions of lights would be left on;millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful.
To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community,Roots & Shoots was established. This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to her research, she has been wholeheartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from preschoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation,and shoots seem small and weak,but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you,your friends and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems,change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile,when you make a dog wag its tail,and when you water a thirsty plant?One cheeredup person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant.Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that:“Every individual matters .
Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.”You get to choose:Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent.
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
—Jane Goodall
[汉语译文]
很多人都有所谓的“以自我为中心(Justmeism)”问题。这是什么意思呢?比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流,外出的时候不关灯,或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的,但那又怎么样?“会有什么影响呢?”你对自己说,“世界上有数百万人,我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头,一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾,这会有什么问题?而且不管怎样,也没人会知道。”
当然,如果世界上只有几个人,那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说:“没关系。只有我一个。而且,不管怎样,也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水,忘记关掉数百万的灯,掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动(take action)起来保护环境、动物和社区,“根与芽”诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立,在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域,她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研,她还全身心地投入环保事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人,从学龄前儿童到大学生,使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
这个组织取名“根与芽”,取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation),而芽看起来又小又弱,却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题,改变世界,使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑,让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴,给一株干渴的植物浇水时,你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗?一个振作起来的人,一只快乐的狗,一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义:重视每一个个体的价值和重要性,不管是人、动物还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为,最重要的是:“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以进行选择:你想通过自己的生活,为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗?你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗?你想成为命运共同体的一员吗?你不能缺席。
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来,我们可以让成百上千、甚至上百万人参与(involve)其中,这将改变世界。
——珍·古道尔
●基础单词
1. root n.树根
2. shoot n.芽,苗;嫩枝 ;射中;射击
3. justmeism n.以自我为中心;唯我主义
4. institute n.机构;研究院
5. foundation n.基础;地基
6. brick n.砖块,砖
7. gallon n.加仑
8. wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
●拓展单词
1. bothered adj.担心的;烦恼的→ bother vt.打扰;vi.操心;n.烦扰
2. involve vt.包括→ involvement n.连累; 包含;参与→ involved adj.参与的,有关联的
3. firm adj.牢固的,稳固的→ firmly adv.牢固地
1. suffer from 因……而遭受痛苦
2. leave...doing sth. 让/使一直做某事
3. be bothered to do sth. 花时间/精力做某事
4. say to oneself 自言自语;心里想
5. take action 采取行动
6. in the early 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代初
7. be committed to 致力于,献身于
8. live in peace with 与……和平相处
9. make a difference 有影响,有关系,起作用
10. make a contribution to 对……做出贡献
1.what引导的名词性从句,作宾语。
Most people suffer from what is known as “Justmeism”.
大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
2.while引导时间状语从句。
...say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...
比如说你刷牙的时候让水龙头一直开着……
Ⅰ.Read the text and finish the following exercises.
1.What is not “Justmeism”?
A.Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B.Leave a light burning when you go out.
C.Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
D.Turn off the light when you go out.
2.When was Roots & Shoots established?
A.In the early 1980s.
B.In the late 1980s.
C.In the early 1990s.
D.In the late 1990s.
3.Who is Jane Goodall?
A.A scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild chimpanzees.
B.A scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild monkeys.
C.A scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild tigers.
D.A scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild wolves.
4.What's the purpose of Roots & Shoots?
A.To educate old people.
B.To educate young people.
C.To educate middleaged people.
D.To educate children.
5.What can we learn from the text?
A.Every individual doesn't matter.
B.Every individual can make a difference to the world.
C.Only a few people suffer from “Justmeism”.
D.People can't live together in peace with nature.
答案:1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B
Ⅱ.Understand the structure of the text.
Roots &
Shoots
The ① time of its establishment
In the early 1990s.
The ② founder
Dr.Jane Goodall.
The purpose
③ To educate young people ,from preschoolers to university students.
The meaning of its name
Roots ④ move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation,and shoots seem small and weak,but they can ⑤ break open brick walls to reach the light.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about:The ⑥ value and importance of each individual—human,animal or plant.Every individual ⑦ matters .Every individual has a role to play.Every individual ⑧ makes a difference .
1.shoot n.芽;苗;嫩枝;射击 v.射击;射中;拍摄;飞驰
take a shoot at 朝……射击
shoot at 朝……射击;向……开枪
◆[经典佳句]
The hunter took a shoot at the deer in the distance.
猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。
The new soldier shot at the target,but missed it again.
这个新兵向靶子射击,但又没有射中。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
写出下列句中shoot的含义
①He shot the arrow from the bow(弓). 射击
②The movie was shot in black and white. 拍摄
③The boy shot along the street on his bike. 飞驰
◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性
一句多译
刚才,那位猎人朝一头野猪射击,但是没有射中。
④Just now,the hunter took a shoot at a wild pig,but missed it.
=Just now,the hunter shot at a wild pig,but missed it.
2.suffer from因……而遭受痛苦
(1)不及物动词的用法:
suffer fromeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(a bad back 背疼,a bad cold 患重感冒,ill health 身体不好,a headache 头痛,the flood 遭受水灾,drought 遭受旱灾,shock 陷入休克状态,stress承受压力,有精神压力))
(2)及物动词的用法:
suffereq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(pain 遭受疼痛,losses 遭受损失,damage 遭受损害,punishment遭受惩罚,hardship 遭受困苦,a defeat 遭受失败,an illness 患病))
(3)suffering n.痛苦/受苦
◆[经典佳句]
For example,people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases.
例如,经常锻炼的人患许多疾病的概率较低。
The company suffered huge losses last year.
公司去年出现巨额亏损。
His schoolwork is suffering because of family problems.
由于家庭问题,他的学业日渐退步。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①Even though he suffered from a lot of difficulties,he never gave in.
②We are concerned about the people suffering (suffer)from the flood.
③People settling in this area suffer from a number of problems.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
④If a neighbour suffers an illness (生病),offer to do the grocery shopping.
3.not be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事
(1)bother about 烦恼
bother sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
bother to do sth.费心做某事
(not) bother doing sth.麻烦做某事/懒得做某事
bother sb.with/about sth.用某事麻烦某人
(2)can't be bothered about对……无所谓
can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事
(3)It bothers sb.to do sth./that...做某事/……让某人心烦
(4)Why bother?何必那么麻烦?
◆[经典佳句]
Don't bother to get dinner for me.
请不必费心为我做饭了。
I'm sorry that I have to bother you with/about this problem.
对不起,我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①He can't be bothered to say/don't bother saying hello.
他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Don 't bother him with/about it now; he's very busy.
现在不要拿这个去打扰他,他很忙。
③You needn't bother to come up.
你不必费心来了。
④ Why bother (何必那么麻烦)?We can stay at home and watch films online.
⑤I'm in bad mood and can't be bothered to go to (懒得去) the party.
4.take action采取行动
(1)take steps/measures 采取措施
take a risk 冒风险
take a chance 碰运气
take effect 生效;起作用
take advantage of 利用
(2)in action在运转;在活动中
out of action不能工作;停止运转;失去作用
bring...into action使……生效
◆[经典佳句]
They took a risk in driving on,in spite of the storm.
尽管有暴风雨,他们还是冒险开车赶路。
The new law takes effect from tomorrow.
新法律从明天起生效。
We should take measures/steps to keep air and water clean.
我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。
The rules will be brought into action next week.
章程从下星期开始生效。
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
①I usually take advantage of every opportunity to practise my spoken English.
我经常利用一切机会练习英语口语。
②Shall we take a risk or play it safe?
我们是该冒险呢还是稳妥行事?
③The ban is to take effect/be brought into action in six months.
该禁令六个月后生效。
④They were trapped when the lift went out of action .
电梯出故障时,他们被困住了。
5.be committed to 致力于;献身于
(1)commit vt.承诺,保证;犯(罪);花(钱或时间)
vi.全身心投入;忠于
commit a crime 犯罪
commit murder 犯谋杀罪
commit suicide 自杀
commit oneself to(doing)sth.承诺/保证(做)某事
(2)commitment n.承诺,许诺;献身,投入,花费
make a commitment (to do sth.)承诺(做某事)
(3)committed adj.忠诚的,坚定的
◆[经典佳句]
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.
他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他没有做任何承诺。
Some people commit crimes out of ignorance.
有些人出于无知而犯罪。
If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真,你就应该给个承诺。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①This government is committed to extending parental choice in education.
②I was impressed by the energy and commitment (commit)shown by the players.
③Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle)the dispute peacefully.
④The minister is committed (commit)to promoting the development and use of public transportation.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
⑤He made a commitment (承诺)to pay the rent on time.
⑥He committed himself to (致力于)the cause of modernising the country's industry.
6.firm adj.坚实的;稳固的;严格的 n.公司;商行
(1)a firm bed 结实的床
be firm with 对……要求严格
(2)a firm of accountants 会计事务所
an engineering firm 工程公司
(3)firmly adv.牢牢地;坚定地
◆[经典佳句]
The handshake was firm and cool.
那次握手有力而冷静。
He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river.
他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。
I knew he worked for a security firm.
我知道他在为一家安保公司工作。
The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.
前门被锁,所有的窗户都牢牢地关着。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①Several new firms (firm)have now entered the market.
②He firmly (firm)believes that education can change everything.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
③Parents must be firm with (对……一定要严格)their children.
④Diana and Laura have been firm friends (一直是忠实的朋友)since then.
7.make a difference有影响,有关系,起作用
(1)make a big difference to对……有很大的影响/作用
make no difference to 对……没有影响/没有作用
make some difference to 对……有些影响/关系/作用
(2)tell the difference 分辨,区分,区别
tell the difference between A and B区分A和B
◆[经典佳句]
Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么,都会有影响。
Some of the simplest things can make the biggest difference.
一些最简单的事情能产生很大的影响。
Flowers make no difference to this room.
花在这个房间里不起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he comes or not.
他是否来对我来说没什么影响。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①If we combine our efforts,we can make a difference.
②This convention makes no difference to the results.
③ It makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow.
④It makes no difference to him whether he enters university or not.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
⑤Whatever she says will not make any difference to (对……有任何影响)our arrangements.
8.involve vt.参与;包含
(1)involve doing sth.包括/需要做某事
involve sb.in sth.把某人卷入某事中
(2) be involved in doing sth.专心做某事
be/get involved in参与;卷入;与……有关联
be involved with sb.涉及;与……有关联
(3)involvement n.卷入;牵连;参与
◆[经典佳句]
Don't involve me in your quarrel!
不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中!
He was involved in reading the novel all morning.
他整个早上都在专心读小说。
Nobody in my life really wants to be involved with me.
在我的生命中,没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。
He spoke honestly about his involvement in the affair.
他直言不讳地说他与该事情有牵连。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①He was involved in working out a plan.
②So why do you continue to be involved with these people?
③Don't involve me in solving (solve) your problem.
◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性
完成句子
④I seem to have involved myself in (似乎已经将自己卷入了) something I don't understand.
(教材P31)Most people suffer from what is known as “Justmeism”.
大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。
[句式结构] what is known as “Justmeism”为what引导的名词性从句,在句中作宾语。
◆[规律总结]
(1)what常用来引导名词性从句, 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 从句用陈述语序。
(2)what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义,常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”;二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分,常作主语、宾语或表语。
◆[经典佳句]
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(主语从句)
Will you show me what you bought?
可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗?(宾语从句)
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(表语从句)
I have no idea what we should do next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(同位语从句)
◆[名师点津]
that引导名词性从句时,that 在从句中不作任何成分,也无实际意义,仅起着连接句子的作用,一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。
That our team won the game made us very happy.
我们队赢得了比赛,这使我们很开心。(主语从句)
◆[误区规避] 语法填空:
She doesn't know ________ her husband has got involved in.
(可能失误)填that
(正确表达)填what
(错误分析)从句中介词in后缺少宾语,因此填代词what。
◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性
单句语法填空
①Before the sales start,I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
② What parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.
③There is no evidence that there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
④The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours.
⑤The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
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