2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语下册同步语法讲解形容词词

该初中英语形容词复习讲义通过表格系统梳理形容词的三大句法功能，清晰呈现定语（前置、后置及排序规则）、表语（系动词分类及用法）、补语（动词类别及结构）的位置、例句和核心区别，构建完整的知识框架。 讲义亮点在于分层精炼的中考题型设计，如单项选择第2题考查感官动词后接形容词（The music sounds beautiful）、第8题区分-ing/-ed形容词（interesting/interested），培养语言能力和思维品质。30道题覆盖选择、填空、句型转换，适配不同层次学生，助力教师实施精准复习教学。

形容词 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一)形容词的作用和意义 1 （二）形容词的三大句法功能 1 1. 作定语 1 2. 作表语 2 3. 作补语 2 4. 三大功能核心区别 3 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共20题) 3 （二）用所给形容词的适当形式或功能填空 (共5题) 4 （三）句型转换与句子改错 (共5题) 5 一、语法讲解 （一)形容词的作用和意义 形容词是描述人、事物性质或状态，可修饰名词或代词，在句子中通常用作定语、表语和补语等。 （二）形容词的三大句法功能 1. 作定语 形容词作定语时，主要用来修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、状态或特征，通常位于被修饰词之前 功能 位置 例句 补充说明 前置定语 位于名词前 She is a kind girl. 最常见用法 后置定语 位于不定代词后 Is there anything important? 修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等时，形容词需后置 多个形容词定语排序 位于名词前 a small round wooden table 大致顺序：限定词 → 主观评价 → 大小 → 形状 → 年龄/新旧 → 颜色 → 国籍/地区 → 材料 → 用途 + 名词 2. 作表语 形容词作表语时，用于系动词之后，说明主语的状态、性质或特征 系动词除 be 外，还包括： 感官动词：look（看起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），feel（摸起来/感觉） 状态变化动词：become，get，turn，grow，go 保持状态动词：keep，stay 结构 例句 关键点 主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 The story is interesting. She looks happy. The leaves turn yellow. 系动词后必须接形容词，而非副词（如：look happily ❌） 3. 作补语（宾语补足语） 形容词作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的状态、性质或特征，使句意完整 结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 形容词 常用动词类别 例词 例句 说明 使役/导致类 make（使），keep（保持），leave（使处于） The news made us happy. Keep the door open. 宾语“us”的状态是“happy” 感官/发现类 find（发现），think（认为） I find the book useful. He thinks himself lucky. 补充说明宾语“book”的性质 意愿/喜好类 want（想要），like（喜欢） I like my coffee sweet. 说明宾语“coffee”的方式 4. 三大功能核心区别：形容词修饰或说明的对象不同 定语：修饰名词 表语：说明主语 宾语补足语：说明宾语 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共20题) 1. It's a ________ day. Let's go out for a walk. A. wonderfully B. lovely C. beautifully D. terribly 2. The music sounds ________. I enjoy it very much. A. terrible B. terribly C. beautiful D. beautifully 3. The teacher's words made me ________. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. to excite 4. Don't leave the windows ________. It's cold outside. A. open B. opened C. opening D. to open 5. Is there ________ in today's newspaper? A. new anything B. anything new C. new something D. something new 6. We must keep our classroom ________ every day. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. —How is your grandfather? —He is ________. Thanks for asking. A. good B. fine C. nice D. kind 8. The story is so ________ that all the children are ________ in it. A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting 9. I want my coffee ________. Can you pass me the sugar? A. sweet B. salty C. bitter D. hot 10. The ________ girl is playing the piano in the next room. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-old C. ten year old D. ten years old 11. He finds watching movies ________ because he can learn English. A. frustrate B. frustrating C. frustrated D. frustrates 12. —You look ________. What happened? —I lost my wallet. A. sad B. sadly C. happy D. happily 13. The mother kept her child ________ in the heavy rain. A. warm B. warmly C. to warm D. warming 14. We think it ________ to help others. A. importance B. important C. importantly D. of importance 15. The soup tastes ________. Would you like some? A. well B. good C. badly D. terribly 16. I like the houses with gardens ________, but they are too expensive. A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of 17. The news made all of us ________. A. feel excited B. to feel excited C. feeling excited D. felt excited 18. The ________ boys are from Class One. A. two tall Canadian B. tall two Canadian C. Canadian two tall D. two Canadian tall 19. He painted the wall ________. A. white B. white color C. with white D. into white 20. —How are you getting on with your work? —I can't do it ________. I need help. A. anymore B. any longer C. without help D. alone （二）用所给形容词的适当形式或功能填空 (共5题) 1. The movie made me feel ________ (relax). 2. We should eat ________ (health) food to keep ________ (health). 3. I find it ________ (amaze) that he can speak five languages. 4. The story sounds ________ (truth), but it is not. 5. Keep your eyes ________ (close) when you do eye exercises. （三）句型转换与句子改错 (共5题) 1. The question is easy. I can answer it. (合并为一句) The question is ________ ________ for me to answer. 2. 改错：The alone old man needs care. 3. 改错：I saw an asleep baby in the stroller. 4. 将下句补充完整，使形容词作宾语补足语： The loud music is driving me ________. 5. 判断下句中形容词的功能（定语/表语/宾语补足语）： We painted the door green. 形容词“green”作 ________ 答案与解析 （一）单项选择 1. B 修饰名词“day”作定语，需用形容词 lovely 2. C 系动词 sound 后需接形容词作表语，根据句意选 beautiful 3. A make sb. + adj. 结构，形容词 excited 作宾语 me 的补足语，说明“我”的状态 4. A leave sth. + adj. 结构，形容词 open 作宾语 windows 的补足语 5. B 形容词修饰不定代词 anything 需后置作定语 6. A keep sth. + adj. 结构，形容词 clean 作宾语 classroom 的补足语 7. B 系动词 is 后需形容词作表语，询问身体状况用 fine 8. C 第一空修饰“故事”用 interesting (定语/表语)；第二空说明“孩子们”的感受用 interested (表语) 9. A want sth. + adj. 结构，形容词 sweet 作宾语 coffee 的补足语 10. B 复合形容词 ten-year-old 作定语修饰 girl，注意用单数和连字符 11. B find sth. + adj. 结构，描述“看电影”这件事的性质，用 frustrating 作宾语补足语 12. A 系动词 look 后需形容词 sad 作表语 13. A keep sb./sth. + adj. 结构，warm 作宾语补足语 14. B think it + adj. 结构，it 是形式宾语，important 是真正的宾语补足语 15. B 系动词 taste 后需形容词 good 作表语 16. B 形容词 front 作后置定语，修饰 houses，in the front 是固定搭配 17. A make sb. do sth. 和 feel + adj. 的结合，excited 作 feel 的表语，整体为宾语补足语 18. A 多个形容词作前置定语，顺序为：数词(two) + 描述性形容词(tall) + 国籍(Canadian) 19. A paint sth. + adj.（颜色）结构，white 作宾语补足语 20. D 形容词 alone 作表语，说明主语“I”的状态 （二）用所给形容词的适当形式或功能填空 1. relaxed make sb. feel + adj.，描述人的感受用 -ed 形容词 2. healthy; healthy 第一空修饰名词 food 作定语；第二空在 keep 后作表语，均用形容词 3. amazing find it + adj.，说明事情的性质，用 -ing 形容词 4. true 系动词 sounds 后需形容词作表语 5. closed keep sth. + adj.，closed 作宾语补足语 （三）句型转换与句子改错 1. easy enough enough 修饰形容词需后置，形容词 easy 作表语 2. alone → lonely alone（独自的）常作表语，作定语应用 lonely（孤独的） 3. an asleep baby → a sleeping baby asleep（睡着的）常作表语，作定语应用 sleeping 4. crazy/mad（等表示“发疯”的形容词） drive sb. + adj. 结构，形容词作宾语补足语 5. 宾语补足语 形容词 green 说明宾语 the door 的状态 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 形容词 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一)形容词的作用和意义 1 （二）形容词的三大句法功能 1 1. 作定语 1 2. 作表语 2 3. 作补语 2 4. 三大功能核心区别 3 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共20题) 3 （二）用所给形容词的适当形式或功能填空 (共5题) 4 （三）句型转换与句子改错 (共5题) 4 一、语法讲解 （一)形容词的作用和意义 形容词是描述人、事物性质或状态，可修饰名词或代词，在句子中通常用作定语、表语和补语等。 （二）形容词的三大句法功能 1. 作定语 形容词作定语时，主要用来修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、状态或特征，通常位于被修饰词之前 功能 位置 例句 补充说明 前置定语 位于名词前 She is a kind girl. 最常见用法 后置定语 位于不定代词后 Is there anything important? 修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等时，形容词需后置 多个形容词定语排序 位于名词前 a small round wooden table 大致顺序：限定词 → 主观评价 → 大小 → 形状 → 年龄/新旧 → 颜色 → 国籍/地区 → 材料 → 用途 + 名词 2. 作表语 形容词作表语时，用于系动词之后，说明主语的状态、性质或特征 系动词除 be 外，还包括： 感官动词：look（看起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），feel（摸起来/感觉） 状态变化动词：become，get，turn，grow，go 保持状态动词：keep，stay 结构 例句 关键点 主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 The story is interesting. She looks happy. The leaves turn yellow. 系动词后必须接形容词，而非副词（如：look happily ❌） 3. 作补语（宾语补足语） 形容词作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的状态、性质或特征，使句意完整 结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 形容词 常用动词类别 例词 例句 说明 使役/导致类 make（使），keep（保持），leave（使处于） The news made us happy. Keep the door open. 宾语“us”的状态是“happy” 感官/发现类 find（发现），think（认为） I find the book useful. He thinks himself lucky. 补充说明宾语“book”的性质 意愿/喜好类 want（想要），like（喜欢） I like my coffee sweet. 说明宾语“coffee”的方式 4. 三大功能核心区别：形容词修饰或说明的对象不同 定语：修饰名词 表语：说明主语 宾语补足语：说明宾语 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共20题) 1. It's a ________ day. Let's go out for a walk. A. wonderfully B. lovely C. beautifully D. terribly 2. The music sounds ________. I enjoy it very much. A. terrible B. terribly C. beautiful D. beautifully 3. The teacher's words made me ________. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. to excite 4. Don't leave the windows ________. It's cold outside. A. open B. opened C. opening D. to open 5. Is there ________ in today's newspaper? A. new anything B. anything new C. new something D. something new 6. We must keep our classroom ________ every day. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. —How is your grandfather? —He is ________. Thanks for asking. A. good B. fine C. nice D. kind 8. The story is so ________ that all the children are ________ in it. A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting 9. I want my coffee ________. Can you pass me the sugar? A. sweet B. salty C. bitter D. hot 10. The ________ girl is playing the piano in the next room. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-old C. ten year old D. ten years old 11. He finds watching movies ________ because he can learn English. A. frustrate B. frustrating C. frustrated D. frustrates 12. —You look ________. What happened? —I lost my wallet. A. sad B. sadly C. happy D. happily 13. The mother kept her child ________ in the heavy rain. A. warm B. warmly C. to warm D. warming 14. We think it ________ to help others. A. importance B. important C. importantly D. of importance 15. The soup tastes ________. Would you like some? A. well B. good C. badly D. terribly 16. I like the houses with gardens ________, but they are too expensive. A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of 17. The news made all of us ________. A. feel excited B. to feel excited C. feeling excited D. felt excited 18. The ________ boys are from Class One. A. two tall Canadian B. tall two Canadian C. Canadian two tall D. two Canadian tall 19. He painted the wall ________. A. white B. white color C. with white D. into white 20. —How are you getting on with your work? —I can't do it ________. I need help. A. anymore B. any longer C. without help D. alone （二）用所给形容词的适当形式或功能填空 (共5题) 1. The movie made me feel ________ (relax). 2. We should eat ________ (health) food to keep ________ (health). 3. I find it ________ (amaze) that he can speak five languages. 4. The story sounds ________ (truth), but it is not. 5. Keep your eyes ________ (close) when you do eye exercises. （三）句型转换与句子改错 (共5题) 1. The question is easy. I can answer it. (合并为一句) The question is ________ ________ for me to answer. 2. 改错：The alone old man needs care. 3. 改错：I saw an asleep baby in the stroller. 4. 将下句补充完整，使形容词作宾语补足语： The loud music is driving me ________. 5. 判断下句中形容词的功能（定语/表语/宾语补足语）： We painted the door green. 形容词“green”作 ________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $