Unit 6 单词表教师词汇备课 2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

译林版七年级下册 Unit 6 单词表 教师备课材料 1. ocean (n.) 词义: 海洋;大量 近义词: sea 反义词: continent, land (大陆,陆地) 词性转换: ocean (n.) oceanic (adj. 海洋的) 常见搭配: the Pacific Ocean (太平洋); an ocean of (大量的) 例句: The ocean covers about 70% of the Earth's surface. 翻译: 海洋覆盖了地球表面约70%的面积。 练习题: 1. The island is in the middle of the vast _ (ocean) waters. 2. We need to protect our _ (ocean) from pollution. 答案与解析: 1. oceanic。解析:修饰名词“waters”,需用形容词,意为“海洋水域”。 2. oceans。解析:泛指“我们的海洋”,用复数形式。 2. cover (v. & n.) 词义: v. 覆盖;涉及;采访; n. 封面;遮盖物 近义词: v. conceal, include; n. lid, front 反义词: v. uncover, expose (揭露,暴露) 词性转换: cover (v./n.) coverage (n. 覆盖范围;新闻报道) covering (n. 覆盖物) 常见搭配: cover an area (覆盖一个区域); book cover (书皮) 例句: Snow covered the ground. / The magazine cover is very attractive. 翻译: 雪覆盖了地面。/ 这本杂志的封面非常吸引人。 练习题: 1. The TV station provided live _ (cover) of the event. 2. We need a _ (cover) for the swimming pool in winter. 答案与解析: 1. coverage。解析:意为“新闻报道”,不可数名词。 2. covering 或 cover。解析:意为“遮盖物”,可数名词。 3. surface (n. & v.) 词义: n. 表面;外表; v. 浮出水面;出现 近义词: n. face, exterior; v. appear, emerge 反义词: v. sink, submerge (下沉) 词性转换: surface (n./v.) superficial (adj. 表面的;肤浅的) 常见搭配: on the surface (表面上); surface area (表面积) 例句: The rock's surface is very smooth. / New evidence has surfaced. 翻译: 岩石的表面很光滑。/ 新的证据已经出现。 练习题: 1. His knowledge of the subject is only _ (surface). 2. The submarine _ (surface) after a long dive. 答案与解析: 1. superficial。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“肤浅的”。 2. surfaced。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。 4. desert (n. & v.) 词义: n. 沙漠; v. 遗弃,抛弃 近义词: n. wasteland; v. abandon, leave 反义词: v. stay, remain (留下) 词性转换: desert (n./v.) deserted (adj. 被遗弃的;空无一人的) desertion (n. 遗弃) 常见搭配: the Sahara Desert (撒哈拉沙漠); desert one's post (擅离职守) 例句: Camels are well-suited to life in the desert. / He felt deserted by his friends. 翻译: 骆驼非常适应沙漠生活。/ 他感到被朋友们抛弃了。 练习题: 1. The old factory stood _ (desert) for years. 2. _ (Desert) is a serious problem in the army. 答案与解析: 1. deserted。解析:作主语补足语,需形容词,意为“被废弃的”。 2. Desertion。解析:作主语,需名词,意为“开小差,擅离职守”。 5. forest (n.) 词义: 森林 近义词: woods, jungle (热带雨林) 反义词: clearing (林中空地) 词性转换: forest (n.) forestry (n. 林业) forested (adj. 树木覆盖的) 常见搭配: a pine forest (松树林); rainforest (雨林) 例句: We went hiking in the forest last weekend. 翻译: 我们上周末去森林里徒步了。 练习题: 1. He works in the _ (forest) industry. 2. The hills are densely _ (forest). 答案与解析: 1. forestry。解析:修饰名词“industry”,用名词作定语,意为“林业”。 2. forested。解析:被动语态“are + 过去分词”,意为“被森林覆盖的”。 6. rock (n. & v.) 词义: n. 岩石;摇滚乐; v. 摇晃;使震惊 近义词: n. stone; v. shake, swing 反义词: v. steady, stabilize (使稳定) 词性转换: rock (n./v.) rocky (adj. 多岩石的;摇晃的) rocker (n. 摇滚乐手;摇椅) 常见搭配: solid as a rock (坚如磐石); rock music (摇滚乐) 例句: The climbers climbed the steep rock face. / The boat was rocked by the waves. 翻译: 登山者们爬上了陡峭的岩壁。/ 小船被海浪摇晃着。 练习题: 1. The path along the coast is very _ (rock). 2. The news _ (rock) the whole community. 答案与解析: 1. rocky。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“多岩石的”。 2. rocked。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时,意为“使震惊”。 7. ground (n. & v.) 词义: n. 地面;场地;理由; v. 使停飞;使接地 近义词: n. earth, soil, reason; v. base 反义词: n. sky (天空) 词性转换: ground (n./v.) grounding (n. 基础训练;接地) groundless (adj. 无根据的) 常见搭配: on the ground (在地上); sports ground (运动场) 例句: The ball fell to the ground. / His fear is groundless. 翻译: 球掉到了地上。/ 他的恐惧是没有根据的。 练习题: 1. All flights were _ (ground) due to the heavy fog. 2. She has a solid _ (ground) in mathematics. 答案与解析: 1. grounded。解析:被动语态“were + 过去分词”,意为“被停飞”。 2. grounding。解析:意为“基础”,名词。 8. plain (n. & adj.) 词义: n. 平原; adj. 简单的;朴素的;清楚的 近义词: n. flatland; adj. simple, ordinary, clear 反义词: adj. fancy, complicated, unclear (花哨的,复杂的,不清楚的) 词性转换: plain (n./adj.) plainly (adv. 清楚地;朴素地) 常见搭配: the Great Plains (大平原); in plain English (用浅显的英语) 例句: Buffaloes used to roam the plains. / She explained it in plain language. 翻译: 野牛曾在大平原上漫游。/ 她用浅显的语言解释了它。 练习题: 1. He was _ (plain) dressed for the interview. 2. The _ (plain) of the river valley is very fertile. 答案与解析: 1. plainly。解析:修饰形容词“dressed”,需用副词,意为“朴素地”。 2. plain。解析:此处指“河谷平原”,单数名词。 9. flat (adj., n. & adv.) 词义: adj. 平坦的;扁平的; n. (英)公寓; adv. 平直地;完全地 近义词: adj. level, even; n. apartment 反义词: adj. uneven, bumpy, hilly (不平坦的,多山的) 词性转换: flat (adj./n.) flatten (v. 使变平) flatly (adv. 断然地) 常见搭配: a flat tyre (瘪了的轮胎); live in a flat (住公寓) 例句: The land here is very flat, perfect for farming. / He lives in a flat in the city centre. 翻译: 这里的土地非常平坦,非常适合耕作。/ 他住在市中心的一套公寓里。 练习题: 1. You need to _ (flat) the dough before baking it. 2. She refused _ (flat) to go with us. 答案与解析: 1. flatten。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。 2. flatly。解析:修饰动词“refused”,需用副词,意为“断然拒绝”。 10. land (n. & v.) 词义: n. 陆地;土地;国家; v. 降落;着陆;使陷入 近义词: n. ground, earth, country; v. arrive, touch down 反义词: v. take off (起飞) 词性转换: land (n./v.) landing (n. 着陆;楼梯平台) landlord/landlady (n. 房东) 常见搭配: on land (在陆地上); land a job (得到一份工作) 例句: After days at sea, we finally saw land. / The plane landed safely. 翻译: 在海上多日后,我们终于看到了陆地。/ 飞机安全着陆了。 练习题: 1. The pilot made an emergency _ (land). 2. Our _ (land) is very strict about noise after 10 p.m. 答案与解析: 1. landing。解析:意为“着陆”,名词。 2. landlord/landlady。解析:意为“房东”,表示人。 11. rise (v. & n.) 词义: v. 上升;上涨;站起; n. 上升;增加;小山丘 近义词: v. increase, ascend, get up; n. increase, hill 反义词: v. fall, descend, set (落下,下降) 词性转换: rise (v./n.) rising (adj. 上升的) risen (过去分词) 常见搭配: rise to the occasion (应付自如); give rise to (引起) 例句: The sun rises in the east. / There has been a sharp rise in prices. 翻译: 太阳从东方升起。/ 价格出现了急剧上涨。 练习题: 1. The _ (rise) cost of living is a concern for many families. 2. He is a _ (rise) star in the world of football. 答案与解析: 1. rising。解析:修饰名词“cost”,需用形容词,意为“不断上涨的”。 2. rising。解析:修饰名词“star”,用形容词,意为“冉冉升起的”。 12. fresh (adj.) 词义: 新鲜的;新的;清新的 近义词: new, recent, cool 反义词: stale, old, rotten (不新鲜的,旧的,腐烂的) 词性转换: fresh (adj.) freshen (v. 使清新) freshly (adv. 新近地) freshness (n. 新鲜) 常见搭配: fresh air (新鲜空气); fresh bread (新鲜面包) 例句: We need to buy some fresh vegetables. / Open the window and let in some fresh air. 翻译: 我们需要买些新鲜蔬菜。/ 打开窗户,让新鲜空气进来。 练习题: 1. I'll just go and _ (fresh) up before dinner. 2. The _ (fresh) of the morning dew was lovely. 答案与解析: 1. freshen。解析:固定短语“freshen up”(梳洗一番)。 2. freshness。解析:作主语,需名词。 13. farming (n.) 词义: 农业,耕作 近义词: agriculture 反义词: industry (工业) 词性转换: farming (n.) farm (n./v.) farmer (n. 农民) 常见搭配: organic farming (有机农业); a farming community (农业社区) 例句: His family has been in farming for generations. 翻译: 他家世代务农。 练习题: 1. My uncle is a dairy _ (farm). 2. They own a large _ (farm) in the countryside. 答案与解析: 1. farmer。解析:意为“奶农”,表示职业。 2. farm。解析:意为“农场”,可数名词。 14. powerful (adj.) 词义: 强大的;有力的;效力大的 近义词: strong, mighty, forceful 反义词: weak, powerless 词性转换: powerful (adj.) power (n.) powerfully (adv.) empower (v. 授权,使能够) 常见搭配: a powerful engine (强大的引擎); a powerful speech (有力的演讲) 例句: The flood was a powerful force of nature. 翻译: 洪水是一种强大的自然力量。 练习题: 1. The new law will _ (power) local communities. 2. He argued his case very _ (power). 答案与解析: 1. empower。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形,意为“使有能力”。 2. powerfully。解析:修饰动词“argued”,需用副词。 15. flood (n. & v.) 词义: n. 洪水;大量; v. 淹没;涌入 近义词: n. deluge; v. overflow, inundate 反义词: n. drought (干旱) 词性转换: flood (n./v.) flooding (n. 洪水泛滥) floodlight (n. 泛光灯) 常见搭配: in flood (在泛滥); flood in/into (大量涌入) 例句: The heavy rain caused a flood. / Requests flooded in after the advertisement. 翻译: 大雨引发了一场洪水。/ 广告之后,请求纷至沓来。 练习题: 1. After the storm, there was severe _ (flood) in the town. 2. The stadium was _ (flood) with light for the night game. 答案与解析: 1. flooding。解析:意为“洪水泛滥”,不可数名词。 2. floodlit。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,过去分词是“floodlit”,意为“被泛光灯照亮的”。 16. destroy (v.) 词义: 破坏,毁灭 近义词: ruin, wreck, damage 反义词: build, create, preserve (建造,创造,保护) 词性转换: destroy (v.) destruction (n. 破坏) destructive (adj. 破坏性的) destroyer (n. 破坏者;驱逐舰) 常见搭配: destroy the environment (破坏环境) 例句: The earthquake destroyed many buildings. 翻译: 地震摧毁了许多建筑。 练习题: 1. The hurricane caused widespread _ (destroy). 2. Smoking is _ (destroy) to your health. 答案与解析: 1. destruction。解析:作宾语,需名词。 2. destructive。解析:在系动词“is”后作表语,需形容词,意为“有害的”。 17. nothing (pron.) 词义: 没有东西,没有什么 近义词: not anything 反义词: everything, something 词性转换: 不定代词,无词性转换。 常见搭配: nothing but (只有); for nothing (免费;徒劳) 例句: There is nothing in the box. / He said nothing about it. 翻译: 盒子里什么也没有。/ 他对此什么也没说。 练习题: (练习反义词或固定搭配) 1. There is _ in the fridge. We need to go shopping. 2. He is _ a troublemaker. 答案与解析: 1. nothing。解析:根据“需要购物”,可知冰箱空了。 2. nothing but。解析:固定搭配,意为“只不过是个”。 18. mostly (adv.) 词义: 主要地;通常;大部分 近义词: mainly, largely, for the most part 反义词: rarely, seldom (很少) 词性转换: mostly (adv.) most (adj./adv./n.) 常见搭配: The audience was mostly young people. (观众大多是年轻人。) 例句: The land is mostly desert, with a few oases. 翻译: 这片土地大部分是沙漠,只有少数绿洲。 练习题: 1. _ (Most) students in our class enjoy sports. 2. His arguments were _ (most) based on facts. 答案与解析: 1. Most。解析:修饰名词“students”,需用形容词,意为“大多数”。 2. mostly。解析:修饰动词“were based”,需用副词。 19. sand (n.) 词义: 沙;沙滩 词性转换: sand (n.) sandy (adj. 多沙的) sandcastle (n. 沙堡) 常见搭配: grains of sand (沙粒); on the sand (在沙滩上) 例句: Children love playing in the sand. 翻译: 孩子们喜欢在沙子里玩。 练习题: 1. The beach has beautiful golden _ (sand). 2. The soil in this area is too _ (sand) for growing crops. 答案与解析: 1. sand。解析:物质名词,不可数。 2. sandy。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“沙质的”。 20. nobody (pron.) 词义: 没有人,无人 近义词: no one 反义词: everybody, someone 词性转换: 不定代词,无词性转换。 常见搭配: like nobody's business (非常地,拼命地) 例句: Nobody knows the answer to that question. 翻译: 没人知道那个问题的答案。 练习题: 1. _ was home when I called. 2. In the empty hall, there was _ to be seen. 答案与解析: 1. Nobody/No one。 2. nobody/no one。 21. conditions (n.) 词义: 条件;环境;状况(常用复数) 近义词: circumstances, situation, terms 词性转换: conditions (n.) condition (n./v.) conditional (adj. 有条件的) 常见搭配: living conditions (生活条件); under good conditions (在良好条件下) 例句: The harsh conditions in the desert make it hard to survive. 翻译: 沙漠里严酷的环境使得生存变得困难。 练习题: 1. His agreement to help is _ (condition) on our support. 2. The car is in excellent _ (condition). 答案与解析: 1. conditional。解析:固定搭配“be conditional on”(取决于,以…为条件)。 2. condition。解析:此处意为“状况”,单数名词。 22. a few (phrase) 词义: 一些,几个(修饰可数名词) 近义词: several, some 反义词: many, a lot of (许多) 词性转换: 限定词短语。 常见搭配: a few days (几天); only a few (只有几个) 例句: I have a few friends coming over tonight. 翻译: 今晚我有几个朋友要过来。 练习题: 1. There are only _ (a few) apples left in the basket. 2. He has read _ (a few) books on this topic. 答案与解析: 1. a few。 2. a few。解析:均修饰可数名词复数。 23. survive (v.) 词义: 幸存;活下来;比…活得长 近义词: live through, endure, outlive 反义词: die, perish (死亡) 词性转换: survive (v.) survival (n. 生存) survivor (n. 幸存者) 常见搭配: survive an accident (在事故中幸存) 例句: Without water, humans cannot survive for long. 翻译: 没有水,人类无法长期生存。 练习题: 1. The _ (survive) of the fittest is a natural law. 2. She was the only _ (survive) of the crash. 答案与解析: 1. survival。解析:作主语,需名词。 2. survivor。解析:意为“幸存者”,表示人。 24. huge (adj.) 词义: 巨大的,庞大的 近义词: enormous, gigantic, massive 反义词: tiny, small, minute (微小的) 词性转换: huge (adj.) hugely (adv. 非常,极大地) 常见搭配: a huge success (巨大的成功); a huge amount of (大量的) 例句: They saw a huge waterfall in the rainforest. 翻译: 他们在雨林中看到了一个巨大的瀑布。 练习题: 1. The project was _ (huge) expensive. 2. The _ (huge) of the universe is hard to imagine. 答案与解析: 1. hugely。解析:修饰形容词“expensive”,需用副词。 2. hugeness。解析:作主语,需名词。 25. planet (n.) 词义: 行星 近义词: world, globe 反义词: star (恒星) 词性转换: planet (n.) planetary (adj. 行星的) 常见搭配: on this planet (在这个星球上) 例句: Earth is the third planet from the sun. 翻译: 地球是距离太阳第三近的行星。 练习题: 1. Scientists are studying _ (planet) movements. 2. We must protect our _ (planet) environment. 答案与解析: 1. planetary。解析:修饰名词“movements”,需用形容词。 2. planet's 或 planetary。解析:用所有格“planet's”或形容词“planetary”均可,意为“地球的/行星的环境”。 26. produce (v. & n.) 词义: v. 生产;制造;引起; n. (总称) 农产品 近义词: v. make, create, manufacture; n. products, crops 反义词: v. consume (消费) 词性转换: produce (v./n.) product (n. 产品) production (n. 生产) productive (adj. 多产的) 常见搭配: produce results (产生结果); fresh produce (新鲜农产品) 例句: Plants produce oxygen that we breathe. / We buy our produce from the local market. 翻译: 植物产生我们呼吸的氧气。/ 我们从当地市场购买农产品。 练习题: 1. China is a major _ (produce) of electronics. 2. He is a very _ (produce) writer. 答案与解析: 1. producer。解析:意为“生产国,生产者”,表示实体。 2. productive。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“多产的”。 27. oxygen (n.) 词义: 氧气 近义词: O2 词性转换: oxygen (n.) oxygenate (v. 供氧) 常见搭配: oxygen mask (氧气面罩) 例句: We cannot live without oxygen. 翻译: 没有氧气我们就无法生存。 练习题: 1. The doctor gave him _ (oxygen) to help him breathe. 2. This machine _ (oxygen) the water in the fish tank. 答案与解析: 1. oxygen。解析:物质名词,不可数。 2. oxygenates。解析:描述一般功能,用一般现在时,主语“machine”是单三。 28. breathe (v.) 词义: 呼吸 近义词: respire 反义词: suffocate, choke (窒息) 词性转换: breathe (v.) breath (n. 呼吸,气息) breathing (n. 呼吸) 常见搭配: breathe in/out (吸气/呼气); take a deep breath (深呼吸) 例句: It's hard to breathe at high altitudes. 翻译: 在高海拔地区呼吸很困难。 练习题: 1. He was out of _ (breathe) after running. 2. The air was so cold it hurt to _ (breathe). 答案与解析: 1. breath。解析:固定短语“out of breath”(上气不接下气)。 2. breathe。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。 29. northern (adj.) 词义: 北方的,北部的 反义词: southern (南方的) 词性转换: northern (adj.) north (n./adj./adv.) northerner (n. 北方人) 常见搭配: northern hemisphere (北半球); Northern Lights (北极光) 例句: Canada is a northern country. 翻译: 加拿大是一个北方国家。 练习题: 1. The wind is coming from the _ (north). 2. Many _ (north) move to the south for the warmer weather. 答案与解析: 1. north。解析:介词“from”后接名词,表示方向。 2. northerners。解析:意为“北方人”,可数名词复数。 30. Arctic char (n.) 词义: 北极红点鲑(一种鱼) 常见搭配: 常用于描述北极或亚北极地区生物。 例句: Arctic char is a fish that lives in cold northern waters. 翻译: 北极红点鲑是一种生活在寒冷北部水域的鱼。 练习题: 1. We caught some _ (Arctic char) while fishing in the lake. 2. The _ (Arctic char) is known for its delicious taste. 答案与解析: 1. Arctic char。解析:单复数同形。 2. Arctic char。解析:单数。 31. campfire (n.) 词义: 营火,篝火 近义词: bonfire 词性转换: campfire (n.),合成词(camp + fire)。 常见搭配: sit around a campfire (围坐在篝火旁) 例句: We told stories around the campfire. 翻译: 我们围着篝火讲故事。 练习题: 1. The smell of the _ (campfire) reminded me of our camping trip. 2. They built a big _ (campfire) to keep warm. 答案与解析: 1. campfire。 2. campfire。 32. camp (n. & v.) 词义: n. 营地;阵营; v. 露营,宿营 近义词: n. campsite; v. go camping 反义词: v. stay in a hotel (住酒店) 词性转换: camp (n./v.) camping (n. 露营活动) camper (n. 露营者;房车) 常见搭配: summer camp (夏令营); go camping (去露营) 例句: We set up camp by the river. / Do you like to camp? 翻译: 我们在河边扎营。/ 你喜欢露营吗? 练习题: 1. We went _ (camp) in the mountains last summer. 2. The children enjoyed their time at the holiday _ (camp). 答案与解析: 1. camping。解析:固定搭配“go camping”。 2. camp。解析:意为“度假营”,可数名词。 33. camping (n.) 词义: 露营活动 词性转换: camping (n.) camp (v.) + -ing 常见搭配: go camping (去露营); camping equipment (露营装备) 例句: Camping is a great way to get close to nature. 翻译: 露营是亲近大自然的好方法。 练习题: 1. We need to buy a new tent for our _ (camp) trip. 2. He is an experienced _ (camp). 答案与解析: 1. camping。解析:修饰名词“trip”,用动名词/名词作定语。 2. camper。解析:意为“露营者”,表示人。 34. corn (n.) 词义: (英)谷物;(美)玉米 近义词: maize (玉米) 词性转换: corn (n.) corny (adj. 老套的,过时的) 常见搭配: sweet corn (甜玉米); a field of corn (一片玉米地) 例句: Corn is an important crop in many countries. 翻译: 玉米是许多国家的重要作物。 练习题: 1. That joke was so _ (corn)! I've heard it a hundred times. 2. They grow a lot of _ (corn) on this farm. 答案与解析: 1. corny。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“老掉牙的”。 2. corn。解析:物质名词,不可数。 35. treat (v. & n.) 词义: v. 对待;处理;治疗;款待; n. 款待;乐事 近义词: v. handle, deal with, cure; n. delight, pleasure 反义词: v. neglect (忽视) 词性转换: treat (v./n.) treatment (n. 对待;治疗) treatable (adj. 可治疗的) 常见搭配: treat sb. well/badly (善待/虐待某人); a special treat (特别的款待) 例句: You should always treat others with respect. / Ice cream is a real treat on a hot day. 翻译: 你应该始终尊重他人。/ 在热天里,冰淇淋真是一种享受。 练习题: 1. He is receiving _ (treat) for his illness. 2. Many diseases are now _ (treat) with modern medicine. 答案与解析: 1. treatment。解析:意为“治疗”,不可数名词。 2. treatable。解析:在系动词“are”后作表语,需形容词,意为“可治疗的”。 36. landform (n.) 词义: 地形,地貌 近义词: terrain, feature 词性转换: landform (n.),合成词(land + form)。 常见搭配: different types of landforms (不同类型的地貌) 例句: Mountains, valleys, and plains are all examples of landforms. 翻译: 山脉、山谷和平原都是地貌的例子。 练习题: 1. The geography class studied the various _ (landform) of the region. 2. Erosion can change the _ (form) of the land over time. 答案与解析: 1. landforms。解析:可数名词复数。 2. formation 或 shape。解析:意为“形状,形态”,名词。 37. north-west (n., adj. & adv.) 词义: n. 西北; adj. 西北的; adv. 向西北 反义词: south-east (东南) 词性转换: 合成方位词,无词性转换。 常见搭配: in the north-west (在西北部); a north-west wind (西北风) 例句: The wind is coming from the north-west. 翻译: 风从西北方向吹来。 练习题: 1. They travelled _ (north-west) for two days. 2. The _ (north-west) part of the country is very mountainous. 答案与解析: 1. north-west。解析:修饰动词“travelled”,作副词。 2. north-western 或 north-west。解析:修饰名词“part”,用形容词“north-western”或直接用“north-west”作定语。 38. unusual (adj.) 词义: 不寻常的,独特的 近义词: uncommon, rare, strange 反义词: usual, common, normal 词性转换: unusual (adj.) usual (adj.) unusually (adv.) 常见搭配: an unusual sight (不寻常的景象) 例句: It is unusual to see snow here in June. 翻译: 在六月这里下雪是不寻常的。 练习题: 1. She was _ (unusual) quiet today. 2. The _ (usual) of the situation made everyone nervous. 答案与解析: 1. unusually。解析:修饰形容词“quiet”,需用副词,意为“异常地”。 2. unusualness。解析:作主语,需名词。但更自然的表达是“The unusual situation...”。 39. sandstone (n.) 词义: 砂岩 词性转换: sandstone (n.),合成词(sand + stone)。 常见搭配: a sandstone cliff (砂岩悬崖) 例句: The old castle is built from red sandstone. 翻译: 这座古堡是用红砂岩建造的。 练习题: 1. The walls were made of solid _ (sandstone). 2. They found some interesting fossils in the _ (sandstone) layer. 答案与解析: 1. sandstone。解析:物质名词,不可数。 2. sandstone。解析:修饰名词“layer”,用名词作定语。 40. strange (adj.) 词义: 奇怪的;陌生的 近义词: weird, odd, unfamiliar 反义词: familiar, normal, ordinary 词性转换: strange (adj.) strangely (adv.) stranger (n. 陌生人) 常见搭配: feel strange (感觉不舒服/奇怪); a strange noise (奇怪的声音) 例句: There's a strange form in the cloud. 翻译: 云里有一个奇怪的形状。 练习题: 1. He behaved very _ (strange) at the party. 2. Don't talk to _ (strange) on the street. 答案与解析: 1. strangely。解析:修饰动词“behaved”,需用副词。 2. strangers。解析:意为“陌生人”,可数名词复数。 41. form (n. & v.) (此处复习与拓展) 词义: n. 形式;形状;表格; v. 形成;组成 近义词: n. shape, type; v. create, shape 反义词: v. destroy, break up 词性转换: form (n./v.) formation (n. 形成) formal (adj. 正式的) 常见搭配: in the form of (以…的形式); form a habit (养成习惯) 例句: The landform was formed by wind and water over millions of years. 翻译: 这种地貌是由风和水经过数百万年形成的。 练习题: 1. Please fill in the application _ (form). 2. The children _ (form) a circle and began to sing. 答案与解析: 1. form。解析:此处意为“表格”,可数名词。 2. formed。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。 42. power (n. & v.) 词义: n. 力量;权力;电力; v. 给…提供动力 近义词: n. strength, energy, authority; v. drive, run 反义词: n. weakness (虚弱) 词性转换: power (n./v.) powerful (adj.) powerless (adj. 无力的) 常见搭配: solar power (太阳能); come to power (上台执政) 例句: The waterfall has great power. / The machine is powered by electricity. 翻译: 瀑布拥有巨大的力量。/ 这台机器由电力驱动。 练习题: 1. She felt completely _ (power) to change the situation. 2. The government has the _ (power) to make laws. 答案与解析: 1. powerless。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“无能为力的”。 2. power。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“权力”。 43. rainforest (n.) 词义: (热带)雨林 近义词: jungle 反义词: desert (沙漠) 词性转换: rainforest (n.),合成词(rain + forest)。 常见搭配: tropical rainforest (热带雨林) 例句: The Amazon Rainforest is the largest in the world. 翻译: 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林。 练习题: 1. We need to protect the _ (rainforest) from destruction. 2. Many _ (rainforest) animals are in danger of extinction. 答案与解析: 1. rainforests。解析:泛指雨林,可用复数。 2. rainforest。解析:修饰名词“animals”,用名词作定语。 44. waterfall (n.) 词义: 瀑布 近义词: cascade, falls 词性转换: waterfall (n.),合成词(water + fall)。 常见搭配: a beautiful waterfall (美丽的瀑布) 例句: We heard the waterfall before we saw it. 翻译: 我们先听到瀑布声,然后才看到它。 练习题: 1. The sound of the _ (waterfall) was very loud. 2. They took a boat to the bottom of the _ (waterfall). 答案与解析: 1. waterfall。 2. waterfall。 45. cloud (n. & v.) 词义: n. 云;阴影; v. 使模糊;使阴暗 近义词: n. haze; v. obscure, darken 反义词: v. clear (使晴朗) 词性转换: cloud (n./v.) cloudy (adj. 多云的) cloudless (adj. 无云的) 常见搭配: a cloud of dust (一片尘雾); on cloud nine (欣喜若狂) 例句: Dark clouds gathered before the storm. / Tears clouded her eyes. 翻译: 暴风雨前乌云密布。/ 泪水模糊了她的双眼。 练习题: 1. It's a _ (cloud) day today. 2. His judgment was _ (cloud) by anger. 答案与解析: 1. cloudy。解析:作表语,需形容词。 2. clouded。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,意为“被蒙蔽”。 46. sunrise (n.) 词义: 日出,黎明 近义词: dawn, daybreak 反义词: sunset 词性转换: sunrise (n.),合成词(sun + rise)。 常见搭配: at sunrise (在日出时分); watch the sunrise (看日出) 例句: We got up early to watch the sunrise over the mountains. 翻译: 我们早早起床,观看山上的日出。 练习题: 1. They started their journey at _ (sunrise). 2. The _ (sun) rises in the east every morning. 答案与解析: 1. sunrise。 2. sun。解析:句子主语是“太阳”。 47. wonderland (n.) 词义: 仙境,奇境 近义词: fairyland 词性转换: wonderland (n.),合成词(wonder + land)。 常见搭配: a winter wonderland (冬季仙境) 例句: The forest looked like a wonderland after the snowfall. 翻译: 下雪后,森林看起来像个仙境。 练习题: 1. The children's book describes a magical _ (wonderland). 2. It was a _ (wonder) experience to visit that place. 答案与解析: 1. wonderland。 2. wonderful。解析:修饰名词“experience”,需用形容词。 48. several (adj. & pron.) 词义: 几个,数个(三个以上) 近义词: a few, some 反义词: none (一个也没有) 常见搭配: several times (好几次); several of us (我们中的几个) 例句: There are several paths leading to the top of the hill. 翻译: 有好几条小路通向山顶。 练习题: 1. I've been to Paris _ (several) times. 2. _ (Several) students have already finished the project. 答案与解析: 1. several。 2. Several。 49. path (n.) 词义: 小路;路径;路线 近义词: trail, track, way 词性转换: path (n.) pathway (n. 小径) 常见搭配: a garden path (花园小径); the path to success (成功之路) 例句: Follow the path through the woods. 翻译: 沿着这条小路穿过树林。 练习题: 1. They walked along the winding _ (path) up the hill. 2. Hard work is often the _ (path) to achievement. 答案与解析: 1. path。 2. path。解析:此处为比喻义“途径”。 50. step (n. & v.) 词义: n. 脚步;步骤;台阶; v. 迈步;踩 近义词: n. footstep, pace, stage; v. walk, tread 词性转换: step (n./v.) step-by-step (adj. 逐步的) 常见搭配: take a step (迈出一步); watch your step (小心脚下) 例句: He took a step closer. / Step carefully on the wet floor. 翻译: 他走近了一步。/ 在湿的地板上小心走。 练习题: 1. Please follow the _ (step) instructions carefully. 2. I heard _ (step) outside my door. 答案与解析: 1. step-by-step。解析:修饰名词“instructions”,需用形容词,意为“一步步的”。 2. footsteps 或 steps。解析:意为“脚步声”,常用复数。 51. cable car (n.) 词义: 缆车 词性转换: cable car (n.) 常见搭配: take a cable car (乘坐缆车) 例句: We went up the mountain by cable car. 翻译: 我们乘缆车上山。 练习题: 1. The _ (cable car) ride offered amazing views. 2. Due to strong winds, all _ (cable car) services were suspended. 答案与解析: 1. cable car。解析:修饰名词“ride”,用名词作定语。 2. cable car。解析:作定语,单复数同形,此处视为整体服务,可用单数。 52. overnight (adv. & adj.) 词义: adv. 在夜间;突然; adj. 夜间的;突然的 近义词: adv. suddenly; adj. sudden 词性转换: overnight (adv./adj.) 常见搭配: stay overnight (过夜); an overnight success (一夜成名) 例句: The weather changed overnight. / We plan an overnight camp by the lake. 翻译: 天气一夜之间变了。/ 我们计划在湖边露营过夜。 练习题: 1. He became famous _ (overnight). 2. The company provides _ (overnight) delivery service. 答案与解析: 1. overnight。解析:作状语,修饰动词“became”。 2. overnight。解析:修饰名词“service”,用形容词,意为“隔夜送达的”。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $