内容正文:
译林版七年级下册 Unit 8 单词表
教师备课材料
1. fisherman (n.)
词义: 渔民,钓鱼的人
近义词: angler
词性转换: fisherman (n.) ← fish (v./n.) + -er + man → fishery (n. 渔业) → fishing (n. 钓鱼)
常见搭配: an old fisherman (一位老渔夫)
例句: The fisherman went out to sea early in the morning.
翻译: 渔夫一大早就出海了。
练习题:
1. This village depends on ______ (fish) for its income.
2. He enjoys ______ (fish) in the lake on weekends.
答案与解析:
1. fishing 或 fisheries。解析:意为“捕鱼业”或“渔业”,作宾语。
2. fishing。解析:动词“enjoys”后接动名词。
2. adventure (n.)
词义: 冒险;奇遇
近义词: venture, exploit
反义词: safety, security (安全)
词性转换: adventure (n.) → adventurous (adj. 爱冒险的) → adventurer (n. 冒险家)
常见搭配: have an adventure (经历一次冒险); a sense of adventure (冒险精神)
例句: Reading this book is like going on a great adventure.
翻译: 读这本书就像进行一场伟大的冒险。
练习题:
1. She has an ______ (adventure) spirit and loves to travel.
2. Many ______ (adventure) came to explore the unknown island.
答案与解析:
1. adventurous。解析:修饰名词“spirit”,需用形容词。
2. adventurers。解析:意为“冒险家们”,表示人,复数。
3. partner (n. & v.)
词义: n. 伙伴;搭档;配偶; v. 与…合作
近义词: n. companion, mate; v. collaborate
反义词: n. rival, opponent (对手)
词性转换: partner (n./v.) → partnership (n. 伙伴关系) → partnered (adj. 合作的)
常见搭配: business partner (商业伙伴); dance partner (舞伴)
例句: He and his partner started a company together.
翻译: 他和他的伙伴一起创办了一家公司。
练习题:
1. They formed a successful business ______ (partner).
2. The two organizations ______ (partner) to help the community.
答案与解析:
1. partnership。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“伙伴关系”。
2. partnered。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
4. magic (n. & adj.)
词义: n. 魔法;魔力; adj. 有魔力的;神奇的
近义词: n. sorcery, witchcraft; adj. magical
反义词: n. reality (现实)
词性转换: magic (n./adj.) → magical (adj.) → magician (n. 魔术师)
常见搭配: perform magic (表演魔术); as if by magic (像变魔术一样)
例句: The children believed in the magic of the fairy. / It was a magic moment.
翻译: 孩子们相信仙女的魔法。/ 那是一个神奇的时刻。
练习题:
1. The story is full of ______ (magic) creatures.
2. The ______ (magic) pulled a rabbit out of his hat.
答案与解析:
1. magical。解析:修饰名词“creatures”,需用形容词。
2. magician。解析:意为“魔术师”,表示人。
5. paintbrush (n.)
词义: 画笔;漆刷
近义词: brush
词性转换: paintbrush (n.),合成词(paint + brush)。
常见搭配: a set of paintbrushes (一套画笔)
例句: The artist picked up his paintbrush and began to work.
翻译: 艺术家拿起画笔开始工作。
练习题:
1. She cleaned her ______ (paintbrush) after painting.
2. You need a fine ______ (paintbrush) for the details.
答案与解析:
1. paintbrushes。解析:可数名词复数。
2. paintbrush。解析:单数名词。
6. poor (adj.)
词义: 贫穷的;可怜的;拙劣的
近义词: needy, unfortunate, bad
反义词: rich, wealthy; good, excellent
词性转换: poor (adj.) → poorly (adv.) → poverty (n. 贫穷)
常见搭配: poor family (贫穷的家庭); poor health (健康不佳)
例句: They were very poor but always happy. / He got a poor grade on the test.
翻译: 他们很穷但总是很快乐。/ 他考试得了低分。
练习题:
1. Many people live in ______ (poor) in that country.
2. She performed ______ (poor) in the competition because she was nervous.
答案与解析:
1. poverty。解析:介词“in”后接名词,意为“处于贫困中”。
2. poorly。解析:修饰动词“performed”,需用副词。
7. magical (adj.)
词义: 魔法的;神奇的;美妙的
近义词: enchanting, wonderful
反义词: ordinary, mundane (平凡的)
词性转换: magical (adj.) ← magic (n./adj.) → magically (adv.)
常见搭配: a magical experience (一次神奇的经历)
例句: The forest looked magical in the moonlight.
翻译: 森林在月光下显得很神奇。
练习题:
1. The problem was solved as if ______ (magic).
2. The ______ (magic) of childhood is something we all remember.
答案与解析:
1. by magic 或 magically。解析:固定短语“as if by magic”或用副词“magically”。
2. magic。解析:作主语,需名词,意为“魔力”。
8. collection (n.)
词义: 收藏品;收集;募捐
近义词: assortment, set
反义词: dispersion, scattering (分散)
词性转换: collection (n.) ← collect (v.) → collective (adj. 集体的)
常见搭配: a stamp collection (邮票收藏); make a collection for charity (为慈善募捐)
例句: He has a large collection of fantasy novels.
翻译: 他收藏了大量奇幻小说。
练习题:
1. We need to ______ (collect) more data for the report.
2. The ______ (collect) efforts of the team led to success.
答案与解析:
1. collect。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。
2. collective。解析:修饰名词“efforts”,需用形容词,意为“集体的”。
9. fantasy (n.)
词义: 幻想;奇幻作品
近义词: imagination, dream
反义词: reality, fact
词性转换: fantasy (n.) → fantastic (adj.) → fantasize (v. 幻想)
常见搭配: live in a fantasy world (生活在幻想世界里); science fantasy (科幻奇幻)
例句: The story is a work of fantasy.
翻译: 这个故事是一部奇幻作品。
练习题:
1. The movie was ______ (fantasy)! I loved it.
2. He tends to ______ (fantasy) about being a hero.
答案与解析:
1. fantastic。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“极好的”。
2. fantasize。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
10. god (n.)
词义: 神;上帝(首字母大写)
近义词: deity
反义词: devil, mortal (魔鬼,凡人)
词性转换: god (n.) → goddess (n. 女神) → godlike (adj. 如神一般的)
常见搭配: believe in God (信仰上帝); a Greek god (一位希腊神祇)
例句: In the story, the god helped the poor fisherman.
翻译: 在故事中,神帮助了贫穷的渔夫。
练习题:
1. Athena was the Greek ______ (god) of wisdom.
2. He was treated like a ______ (god) by his fans.
答案与解析:
1. goddess。解析:雅典娜是女神,用“goddess”。
2. god。解析:固定搭配“like a god”(像神一样被崇拜)。
11. character (n.)
词义: 人物;角色;性格;字符
近义词: person, role, personality
词性转换: character (n.) → characteristic (n./adj. 特征/特有的) → characterize (v. 描绘…的特征)
常见搭配: main character (主角); a strong character (坚强的性格)
例句: The main character in the book is a brave young girl.
翻译: 书中的主角是一个勇敢的小女孩。
练习题:
1. Honesty is one of his ______ (character).
2. The book ______ (character) life in a small village.
答案与解析:
1. characteristics。解析:意为“性格特征”,可数名词复数。
2. characterizes。解析:描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语“book”是单三,意为“描绘了…的特征”。
12. lend (v.)
词义: 借出;给予(帮助、支持等)
近义词: loan, give
反义词: borrow (借入)
词性转换: lend (v.) → lender (n. 贷方,出借人)
常见搭配: lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb. (把某物借给某人); lend a hand (帮忙)
例句: Could you lend me your pen? / The bank agreed to lend him money.
翻译: 你能把笔借给我吗?/ 银行同意贷款给他。
练习题:
1. I need to ______ (borrow) some money from the bank.
2. The library is a ______ (lend) institution.
答案与解析:
1. borrow。解析:主语“I”是借入者,用“borrow…from”。
2. lending。解析:修饰名词“institution”,用动名词/名词作定语,意为“出借机构”。
13. pass (v. & n.)
词义: v. 经过;传递;通过(考试); n. 通行证;传球
近义词: v. go by, hand, succeed; n. permit
反义词: v. fail (失败); stop (停止)
词性转换: pass (v./n.) → passage (n. 通道;段落) → passenger (n. 乘客)
常见搭配: pass the exam (通过考试); pass the ball (传球)
例句: Time passes quickly when you are having fun. / He got a pass to enter the building.
翻译: 当你玩得开心时,时间过得飞快。/ 他拿到了进入大楼的通行证。
练习题:
1. We walked through a dark ______ (pass) in the cave.
2. All ______ (pass) must fasten their seatbelts.
答案与解析:
1. passage。解析:意为“通道”,可数名词。
2. passengers。解析:意为“乘客们”,表示人,复数。
14. pass by (phr. v.)
词义: 经过;路过;(时间)过去
近义词: go past, go by
反义词: stop at (停在…)
词性转换: 动词短语。
常见搭配: I saw him as I was passing by. (我路过时看见了他。)
例句: I passed by your house yesterday, but I didn't see you.
翻译: 我昨天路过你家,但没看到你。
练习题:
1. Years have ______ (pass by) since we last met.
2. Don't let this opportunity ______ (pass by).
答案与解析:
1. passed by。解析:现在完成时“have + 过去分词”。
2. pass by。解析:动词不定式“let…do”结构中用动词原形。
15. hit (v. & n.)
词义: v. 打;击中;碰撞; n. 打击;成功(的音乐、电影等)
近义词: v. strike, knock; n. success, smash
反义词: v. miss (未击中); n. failure, flop (失败)
词性转换: hit (v./n.) → hitter (n. 击球手)
常见搭配: hit the ball (击球); a big hit (大受欢迎的事物)
例句: The ball hit the window. / The new song became a hit.
翻译: 球打中了窗户。/ 这首新歌走红了。
练习题:
1. He is a powerful ______ (hit) in the baseball team.
2. The car ______ (hit) a tree and stopped.
答案与解析:
1. hitter。解析:意为“击球手”,表示人。
2. hit。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
16. herself (pron.)
词义: (她)自己(反身代词);她本人(强调)
常见搭配: by herself (她独自地); She herself said it. (她亲口说的。)
例句: She made the cake herself. / The little girl can dress herself now.
翻译: 她自己做了这个蛋糕。/ 小女孩现在可以自己穿衣服了。
练习题:
1. She felt ______ (herself) very lucky.
2. The manager ______ (herself) will deal with the complaint.
答案与解析:
1. herself。解析:作宾语,反身代词与主语“She”一致。
2. herself。解析:作主语“manager”的同位语,表示强调“亲自”。
17. low (adj., adv. & n.)
词义: adj. 低的;矮的; adv. 低地; n. 低点
近义词: adj. short, small; adv. softly; n. bottom
反义词: adj./adv./n. high
词性转换: low (adj./adv./n.) → lower (v. 降低) → lowly (adj. 地位低下的)
常见搭配: low price (低价); speak low (低声说话)
例句: The plane flew low over the houses. / He has a low voice.
翻译: 飞机低空飞过房屋。/ 他声音很低沉。
练习题:
1. Please ______ (low) your voice; the baby is sleeping.
2. He started from a ______ (low) position in the company.
答案与解析:
1. lower。解析:祈使句,用动词原形。
2. lowly。解析:修饰名词“position”,需用形容词,意为“低微的职位”。
18. locked (adj.)
词义: 锁着的
近义词: closed, sealed
反义词: unlocked, open
词性转换: locked (adj.) ← lock (v./n.)
常见搭配: a locked door (一扇锁着的门)
例句: The treasure chest was locked, and no one had the key.
翻译: 宝箱锁着,没有人有钥匙。
练习题:
1. Remember to ______ (lock) the door when you leave.
2. The ______ (lock) on the suitcase is broken.
答案与解析:
1. lock。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. lock。解析:作主语,需名词,意为“锁”。
19. fit (v., adj. & n.)
词义: v. 适合;安装; adj. 健康的;合适的; n. 适合;合身
近义词: v. suit, install; adj. healthy, suitable; n. suitability
反义词: v. remove (移除); adj. unfit, unhealthy, unsuitable
词性转换: fit (v./adj./n.) → fitness (n. 健康) → fitted (adj. 定制的)
常见搭配: fit in (适应); keep fit (保持健康)
例句: These shoes don't fit me. / Regular exercise keeps you fit.
翻译: 这双鞋不适合我。/ 经常锻炼使你保持健康。
练习题:
1. He goes to the gym to improve his ______ (fit).
2. The jacket is a perfect ______ (fit).
答案与解析:
1. fitness。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“健康状况”。
2. fit。解析:作表语,需名词,意为“合身”。
20. lock (v. & n.)
词义: v. 锁上;卡住; n. 锁;一绺头发
近义词: v. fasten, secure; n. fastener
反义词: v. unlock, open
词性转换: lock (v./n.) → locker (n. 锁柜) → lockable (adj. 可锁的)
常见搭配: lock the door (锁门); under lock and key (妥善锁藏着)
例句: Don't forget to lock the car. / He turned the key in the lock.
翻译: 别忘了锁车。/ 他在锁里转动钥匙。
练习题:
1. There are ______ (lock) for rent at the station.
2. Is the window ______ (lock)?
答案与解析:
1. lockers。解析:意为“储物柜”,可数名词复数。
2. lockable 或 locked。解析:询问性质用“lockable”(可锁的);询问状态用“locked”(锁着的)。
21. notice (n. & v.) (此处复习与拓展)
词义: n. 通知;注意; v. 注意到
近义词: n. announcement; v. see, observe
反义词: v. ignore, overlook
词性转换: notice (n./v.) → noticeable (adj. 显而易见的)
常见搭配: take no notice of (不理会…); at short notice (在短时间内)
例句: Did you notice anything strange? / There's a notice on the board.
翻译: 你注意到什么奇怪的事情了吗?/ 布告板上有一则通知。
练习题:
1. There has been a ______ (notice) improvement in his work.
2. She left without giving any ______ (notice).
答案与解析:
1. noticeable。解析:修饰名词“improvement”,需用形容词。
2. notice。解析:意为“通知”,不可数名词。
22. happen (v.)
词义: 发生;碰巧
近义词: occur, take place
词性转换: happen (v.) → happening (n. 事件)
常见搭配: happen to do (碰巧做…); as it happens (碰巧)
例句: What happened next? / I happened to see him in town.
翻译: 接下来发生了什么?/ 我碰巧在镇上看见了他。
练习题:
1. The accident ______ (happen) on a rainy night.
2. It was a strange ______ (happen).
答案与解析:
1. happened。解析:描述过去事件,用一般过去时。
2. happening。解析:作表语,需名词,意为“事件”。
23. series (n.)
词义: 系列;连续剧;丛书
近义词: sequence, set
词性转换: series (n.) 单复数同形。
常见搭配: a series of (一系列…); TV series (电视连续剧)
例句: She wrote a series of books about the same character.
翻译: 她写了关于同一个人物的一系列书。
练习题:
1. This is the first in a ______ (series) of three films.
2. A ______ (series) of events led to the war.
答案与解析:
1. series。解析:单复数同形,此处为单数。
2. series。解析:同上。
24. factory (n.)
词义: 工厂
近义词: plant, mill
词性转换: factory (n.) → factory worker (n. 工厂工人)
常见搭配: work in a factory (在工厂工作)
例句: The car factory provides jobs for many people.
翻译: 汽车工厂为许多人提供工作。
练习题:
1. Many ______ (factory) have been built in this area.
2. He got a job as a ______ (factory) worker.
答案与解析:
1. factories。解析:可数名词复数。
2. factory。解析:修饰名词“worker”,用名词作定语。
25. company (n.)
词义: 公司;陪伴;一群人
近义词: firm, corporation; companionship
反义词: solitude, loneliness (孤独)
词性转换: company (n.) → companion (n. 同伴) → accompany (v. 陪伴)
常见搭配: start a company (创办公司); keep sb. company (陪伴某人)
例句: He works for a computer company.
翻译: 他在一家电脑公司工作。
练习题:
1. I enjoy your ______ (company). Let's have lunch together.
2. A dog can be a good ______ (company) for an elderly person.
答案与解析:
1. company。解析:此处意为“陪伴”,不可数名词。
2. companion。解析:意为“伴侣,伙伴”,可数名词。
26. just (adv. & adj.)
词义: adv. 正好;仅仅;刚才; adj. 公正的
近义词: adv. exactly, only, recently; adj. fair
反义词: adv. almost, nearly; adj. unfair
词性转换: just (adv./adj.) → justice (n. 正义) → justify (v. 证明…正当)
常见搭配: just now (刚才); just a minute (稍等片刻)
例句: That's just what I need! / He is a just judge.
翻译: 那正是我需要的!/ 他是一位公正的法官。
练习题:
1. We must fight for ______ (just).
2. Can you ______ (just) your decision?
答案与解析:
1. justice。解析:介词“for”后接名词,意为“为正义而战”。
2. justify。解析:情态动词“Can you”后接动词原形,意为“证明…合理”。
27. if (conj.)
词义: 如果;是否
近义词: whether (是否)
常见搭配: even if (即使); as if (好像)
例句: If it rains, we will stay at home. / I don't know if he is coming.
翻译: 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。/ 我不知道他是否来。
练习题:
1. ______ (if) you need help, just ask me.
2. She looked at me as ______ (if) I were a stranger.
答案与解析:
1. If。解析:引导条件状语从句。
2. if。解析:固定搭配“as if”(好像)。
28. be born (phrase)
词义: 出生,出世
近义词: come into the world
反义词: die
词性转换: 动词短语,被动语态。
常见搭配: be born in (出生于某地/某时); be born with (天生具有)
例句: He was born in a small village.
翻译: 他出生在一个小村庄。
练习题:
1. She ______ (bear) a natural talent for music.
2. The idea was ______ (bear) out of necessity.
答案与解析:
1. was born with 或 has。解析:“be born with”是固定搭配。也可直接说“She has...”。
2. born。解析:固定短语“be born out of”(产生于)。
29. lose (v.)
词义: 失去;输掉;迷路
近义词: misplace, be defeated
反义词: find, win, keep (找到,赢得,保留)
词性转换: lose (v.) → loss (n. 损失) → loser (n. 失败者) → lost (adj. 失去的;迷路的)
常见搭配: lose weight (减肥); lose one's way (迷路)
例句: Don't lose hope. / Our team lost the game.
翻译: 不要失去希望。/ 我们队输掉了比赛。
练习题:
1. The ______ (lose) of his job was a shock.
2. He is a bad ______ (lose) and gets angry when he loses.
答案与解析:
1. loss。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. loser。解析:意为“输不起的人”,表示人。
30. publish (v.)
词义: 出版;发表
近义词: issue, release, print
反义词: withhold, suppress (扣留,压制)
词性转换: publish (v.) → publisher (n. 出版商) → publication (n. 出版;出版物)
常见搭配: publish a book (出版一本书)
例句: She hopes to publish her first novel next year.
翻译: 她希望明年出版她的第一部小说。
练习题:
1. The article appeared in a scientific ______ (publish).
2. He works for a major ______ (publish) house.
答案与解析:
1. publication。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“刊物”。
2. publishing 或 publisher's。解析:“publishing house”是固定搭配,意为“出版社”。
31. die (v.)
词义: 死亡;消失
近义词: pass away, perish
反义词: live, be born
词性转换: die (v.) → death (n. 死亡) → dead (adj. 死的) → dying (adj. 垂死的)
常见搭配: die of/from (死于…); die out (灭绝)
例句: Plants die without water.
翻译: 没有水植物会死。
练习题:
1. The ______ (die) of the king brought great sadness.
2. He was found ______ (die) at the scene.
答案与解析:
1. death。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. dead。解析:作主语补足语,需形容词,意为“死亡的”。
32. guide (n. & v.)
词义: n. 向导;指南; v. 带领;指导
近义词: n. leader, handbook; v. lead, direct
反义词: v. mislead, follow (误导,跟随)
词性转换: guide (n./v.) → guidance (n. 指导) → guidebook (n. 旅游指南)
常见搭配: tour guide (导游); a guide to... (…的指南)
例句: The guide showed us around the museum. / This book will guide you through the process.
翻译: 导游带我们参观了博物馆。/ 这本书将指导你完成整个过程。
练习题:
1. Thank you for your ______ (guide) and support.
2. We bought a ______ (guide) before visiting Paris.
答案与解析:
1. guidance。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“指导”。
2. guidebook。解析:意为“旅游指南”,可数名词。
33. set (v., n. & adj.) (此处侧重“设定,放置”及“固定的”)
词义: v. 放,置;设定; n. 一套;电视机; adj. 固定的;安排好的
近义词: v. put, place; n. collection, kit; adj. fixed, scheduled
反义词: v. remove (移开)
词性转换: set (v./n./adj.) → setting (n. 环境;设定)
常见搭配: set the table (摆餐具); a set of rules (一套规则); set off/out (出发)
例句: He set the box on the floor. / We have a set time for meetings.
翻译: 他把盒子放在地板上。/ 我们开会的时间是固定的。
练习题:
1. The beautiful beach is the perfect ______ (set) for a holiday.
2. The sun ______ (set) in the west.
答案与解析:
1. setting。解析:作表语,需名词,意为“环境”。
2. sets。解析:描述自然规律,用一般现在时,主语“sun”是单三。
34. real (adj.)
词义: 真实的;真的
近义词: true, actual, genuine
反义词: fake, false, imaginary
词性转换: real (adj.) → really (adv.) → reality (n. 现实) → realize (v. 意识到)
常见搭配: in real life (在现实生活中); real estate (房地产)
例句: Is that a real diamond? / This story is based on real events.
翻译: 那是真钻石吗?/ 这个故事是根据真实事件改编的。
练习题:
1. I didn't ______ (real) how serious it was.
2. She needs to face ______ (real).
答案与解析:
1. realize。解析:助动词“didn't”后接动词原形。
2. reality。解析:作宾语,需名词。
35. magic (n.) (此处复习名词用法)
词义: 魔法;魔力
近义词: sorcery, enchantment
反义词: science, reality
常见搭配: as if by magic (像变魔术一样)
例句: The children watched the magic show with wide eyes.
翻译: 孩子们睁大眼睛观看魔术表演。
练习题:
1. The magician's performance was full of ______ (magic).
2. It was a ______ (magic) evening that we will never forget.
答案与解析:
1. magic。解析:介词“of”后接名词。
2. magical。解析:修饰名词“evening”,需用形容词。
36. imagined (adj.)
词义: 想象的,虚构的
近义词: fictional, made-up
反义词: real, actual
词性转换: imagined (adj.) ← imagine (v.) → imagination (n. 想象力) → imaginative (adj. 富有想象力的)
常见搭配: an imagined world (一个想象的世界)
例句: The story takes place in an imagined future.
翻译: 故事发生在一个想象的未来。
练习题:
1. Use your ______ (imagine) to write a story.
2. She is a very ______ (imagine) child who loves to draw.
答案与解析:
1. imagination。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. imaginative。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“富有想象力的”。
37. while (conj. & n.)
词义: conj. 当…的时候;然而; n. 一会儿,一段时间
近义词: conj. when, whereas; n. moment, period
常见搭配: for a while (一会儿); while I was sleeping (当我睡觉时)
例句: I read a book while waiting for the bus. / Can you wait for a while?
翻译: 我等公交车时看了一本书。/ 你能等一会儿吗?
练习题:
1. He likes coffee, ______ (while) his wife prefers tea.
2. Let's sit down and rest ______ (while).
答案与解析:
1. while。解析:表示对比,“然而”。
2. a while。解析:固定搭配“for a while”或“rest a while”。
38. plot (n. & v.)
词义: n. 情节;阴谋;小块土地; v. 密谋;绘制(图表)
近义词: n. story, scheme; v. plan, chart
词性转换: plot (n./v.) → plotter (n. 密谋者)
常见搭配: the plot of the story (故事情节); plot against (密谋反对)
例句: The plot of the movie is very exciting. / They plotted to escape.
翻译: 这部电影的情节非常刺激。/ 他们密谋逃跑。
练习题:
1. The ______ (plot) of the novel is full of twists and turns.
2. They were arrested for ______ (plot) against the government.
答案与解析:
1. plot。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. plotting。解析:介词“for”后接动名词。
39. fairy (n.)
词义: 小仙子,小精灵
近义词: sprite, pixie
词性转换: fairy (n.) → fairy tale (n. 童话故事)
常见搭配: fairy godmother (仙女教母); tooth fairy (牙仙)
例句: In the story, a kind fairy helped the poor girl.
翻译: 在故事中,一位善良的仙女帮助了那个可怜的女孩。
练习题:
1. She loves reading ______ (fairy) tales.
2. The children believed that ______ (fairy) lived in the garden.
答案与解析:
1. fairy。解析:修饰名词“tales”,用名词作定语。
2. fairies。解析:可数名词复数。
40. nurse (n. & v.)
词义: n. 护士;保姆; v. 护理;照料
近义词: n. caregiver; v. care for, tend
反义词: v. neglect (忽视)
词性转换: nurse (n./v.) → nursing (n. 护理) → nursery (n. 托儿所;苗圃)
常见搭配: hospital nurse (医院护士); nurse a baby (给婴儿喂奶)
例句: The nurse took good care of the patients. / She nursed the injured bird back to health.
翻译: 护士悉心照料病人。/ 她护理那只受伤的鸟直到它恢复健康。
练习题:
1. She is studying ______ (nurse) at college.
2. The injured soldier was ______ (nurse) in a field hospital.
答案与解析:
1. nursing。解析:意为“护理学”,学科名词。
2. nursed。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”。
41. happily (adv.)
词义: 快乐地;幸福地;幸运地
近义词: joyfully, gladly
反义词: sadly, unhappily
词性转换: happily (adv.) ← happy (adj.) → happiness (n.)
常见搭配: live happily ever after (从此幸福地生活)
例句: The children played happily in the garden.
翻译: 孩子们在花园里快乐地玩耍。
练习题:
1. We wish you ______ (happy) and health.
2. She is a very ______ (happy) person.
答案与解析:
1. happiness。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. happy。解析:作表语,需形容词。
42. finally (adv.)
词义: 最后;终于
近义词: at last, eventually
反义词: firstly, initially (首先,起初)
词性转换: finally (adv.) ← final (adj.) → finalize (v. 最终确定)
常见搭配: 通常用于句首或句末。
例句: Finally, after many attempts, he succeeded.
翻译: 终于,经过多次尝试,他成功了。
练习题:
1. This is the ______ (finally) decision.
2. We need to ______ (finally) the plans for the trip.
答案与解析:
1. final。解析:修饰名词“decision”,需用形容词。
2. finalize。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。
43. walking stick (n.)
词义: 手杖
近义词: cane
词性转换: 合成名词。
常见搭配: use a walking stick (使用手杖)
例句: The old man leaned on his walking stick.
翻译: 老人倚着他的手杖。
练习题:
1. He needs a ______ (walking stick) to help him walk.
2. My grandfather's ______ (walking stick) is made of strong wood.
答案与解析:
1. walking stick。
2. walking stick。
44. peach (n.)
词义: 桃子;桃树;桃红色
近义词: 无直接近义
词性转换: peach (n.) → peachy (adj. 桃子似的;极好的)
常见搭配: a ripe peach (一个熟桃子)
例句: She bit into a juicy peach.
翻译: 她咬了一口多汁的桃子。
练习题:
1. The room was painted in a soft ______ (peach) colour.
2. Everything is just ______ (peach)! Don't worry.
答案与解析:
1. peach。解析:修饰名词“colour”,用名词作定语。
2. peachy。解析:作表语,俚语,意为“极好的,没问题的”。
45. fill (v.)
词义: 装满;填满;满足
近义词: load, pack, satisfy
反义词: empty, drain (倒空,排空)
词性转换: fill (v.) → filling (n. 馅料;填充物) → full (adj. 满的)
常见搭配: fill in/out (填写); fill with (用…装满)
例句: Please fill the glass with water. / He filled the form.
翻译: 请把杯子装满水。/ 他填了表格。
练习题:
1. I am ______ (fill) after that big meal.
2. What kind of ______ (fill) do you want in your sandwich?
答案与解析:
1. full。解析:在系动词“am”后作表语,需形容词。
2. filling。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“馅料”。
46. give up (phr. v.)
词义: 放弃;戒除;投降
近义词: quit, abandon, surrender
反义词: persist, continue, keep trying
词性转换: 动词短语。
常见搭配: give up smoking (戒烟); never give up (永不放弃)
例句: Don't give up; you can do it!
翻译: 别放弃,你能做到!
练习题:
1. He decided to ______ (give up) his job and travel.
2. ______ (Give up) is not an option for us.
答案与解析:
1. give up。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. Giving up。解析:动名词作主语。
47. in the face of (phrase)
词义: 面对,在…面前
近义词: when confronted with, despite
反义词: avoiding, running away from
词性转换: 介词短语。
常见搭配: in the face of danger/difficulty (面对危险/困难)
例句: She showed great courage in the face of danger.
翻译: 她在危险面前表现出巨大的勇气。
练习题:
1. ______ (In the face of) such strong evidence, he had to admit his mistake.
2. We must stay united ______ (in the face of) the challenge.
答案与解析:
1. In the face of。
2. in the face of。
48. task (n. & v.)
词义: n. 任务,工作; v. 派给…任务
近义词: n. job, duty, assignment; v. assign
词性转换: task (n./v.) → task force (n. 特别工作组)
常见搭配: complete a task (完成任务); a difficult task (一项困难的任务)
例句: Our task is to find the lost key. / He was tasked with organizing the event.
翻译: 我们的任务是找到丢失的钥匙。/ 他被委派组织这次活动。
练习题:
1. The teacher ______ (task) us with writing an essay.
2. Finishing the project on time is a challenging ______ (task).
答案与解析:
1. tasked。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
2. task。解析:作表语,需名词。
49. goal (n.)
词义: 目标;目的;球门
近义词: aim, objective, target
词性转换: goal (n.) → goalie/goalkeeper (n. 守门员)
常见搭配: achieve a goal (实现目标); score a goal (进球得分)
例句: Her goal is to become a doctor.
翻译: 她的目标是成为一名医生。
练习题:
1. The ______ (goal) made a fantastic save.
2. Setting clear ______ (goal) is important for success.
答案与解析:
1. goalie/goalkeeper。解析:意为“守门员”,表示人。
2. goals。解析:作宾语,需名词复数。
50. note (n. & v.)
词义: n. 笔记;便条;音符; v. 注意;记录
近义词: n. memo, message; v. notice, record
反义词: v. ignore (忽略)
词性转换: note (n./v.) → notebook (n. 笔记本) → notable (adj. 显著的)
常见搭配: take notes (记笔记); leave a note (留张便条)
例句: She left a note on the table. / Please note that the meeting time has changed.
翻译: 她在桌上留了张便条。/ 请注意会议时间已更改。
练习题:
1. He is a ______ (note) scientist in his field.
2. I need to buy a new ______ (note) for school.
答案与解析:
1. notable。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“著名的”。
2. notebook。解析:意为“笔记本”,可数名词。
51. suddenly (adv.)
词义: 突然地
近义词: abruptly, unexpectedly
反义词: gradually, slowly
词性转换: suddenly (adv.) ← sudden (adj.) → suddenness (n. 突然)
常见搭配: all of a sudden (突然)
例句: The light went out suddenly.
翻译: 灯突然熄灭了。
练习题:
1. There was a ______ (sudden) change in the weather.
2. The ______ (sudden) of his departure surprised everyone.
答案与解析:
1. sudden。解析:修饰名词“change”,需用形容词。
2. suddenness。解析:作主语,需名词。
52. decide (v.)
词义: 决定,下决心
近义词: determine, make up one's mind
反义词: hesitate, waver (犹豫)
词性转换: decide (v.) → decision (n. 决定) → decisive (adj. 决定性的;果断的)
常见搭配: decide to do sth. (决定做某事); decide on (就…做出决定)
例句: I decided to study harder.
翻译: 我决定更加努力学习。
练习题:
1. Making a ______ (decide) can be difficult.
2. He is a ______ (decide) leader who acts quickly.
答案与解析:
1. decision。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. decisive。解析:修饰名词“leader”,需用形容词,意为“果断的”。
53. enter (v.)
词义: 进入;参加;输入
近义词: go into, join, input
反义词: exit, leave
词性转换: enter (v.) → entrance (n. 入口;进入) → entry (n. 进入;条目)
常见搭配: enter a room (进入房间); enter a competition (参加比赛)
例句: Please knock before you enter.
翻译: 进入前请先敲门。
练习题:
1. The main ______ (enter) is at the front of the building.
2. There is a fee for ______ (enter) the museum.
答案与解析:
1. entrance。解析:作主语,需名词,意为“入口”。
2. entering 或 entry。解析:介词“for”后接动名词“entering”或名词“entry”。
54. towards (prep.)
词义: 向,朝;对于;接近
近义词: to, in the direction of, regarding
反义词: away from
词性转换: 介词,无词性转换。
常见搭配: walk towards (走向…); attitude towards (对…的态度)
例句: He walked towards the door. / She has a positive attitude towards life.
翻译: 他朝门走去。/ 她对生活有积极的态度。
练习题:
1. She ran ______ (towards) the bus stop.
2. His feelings ______ (towards) her have changed.
答案与解析:
1. towards。
2. towards。
55. too...to (phrase)
词义: 太…以至于不能…
近义词: so...that...not
反义词: enough to (足够…可以…)
词性转换: 固定句型。
常见搭配: too tired to walk (太累走不动了); too young to understand (太年轻而不懂)
例句: He was too excited to sleep.
翻译: 他兴奋得睡不着觉。
练习题:
1. The box is ______ (too) heavy ______ (to) carry.
2. She is ______ (too) shy ______ (to) speak in public.
答案与解析:
1. too, to。
2. too, to。
56. reach (v. & n.)
词义: v. 到达;伸手够到;联系上; n. 可及的范围;河段
近义词: v. arrive at, get to, contact; n. range, extent
反义词: v. leave, depart
词性转换: reach (v./n.) → reachable (adj. 可到达的)
常见搭配: reach an agreement (达成协议); out of reach (够不着)
例句: We reached the top of the mountain at noon. / Can you reach that book for me?
翻译: 我们在中午到达了山顶。/ 你能帮我够到那本书吗?
练习题:
1. The village is not ______ (reach) by car.
2. Keep medicines out of the ______ (reach) of children.
答案与解析:
1. reachable。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“可到达的”。
2. reach。解析:固定短语“out of the reach of”(在…够不着的地方)。
57. fail (v.)
词义: 失败;不及格;未能做到
近义词: be unsuccessful, flunk
反义词: succeed, pass
词性转换: fail (v.) → failure (n. 失败) → failing (adj. 失败的; n. 缺点)
常见搭配: fail an exam (考试不及格); fail to do (未能做…)
例句: He failed the driving test. / I failed to see the warning sign.
翻译: 他驾照考试没通过。/ 我没看到警告标志。
练习题:
1. His first business ended in ______ (fail).
2. ______ (Fail) to plan is planning to fail.
答案与解析:
1. failure。解析:介词“in”后接名词。
2. Failing。解析:动名词作主语,意为“未能做到”。
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