专题1 题型1 第4讲 词句猜测题-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

第四讲　词句猜测题 词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型，要求考生利用文章信息推断出文章中某个生词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象，其目的是考查考生在阅读中理解生僻词块的含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力。虽然每年的高考阅读理解中该类题目数量比较稳定(每套卷1～2道)，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 三、句意理解题 随堂演练 二、代词指代题 一、单词/短语含义猜测题 一、单词/短语含义猜测题 [答题微点] ★设题特点： 猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块的含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。 ★设问方式： 1．What does the underlined word/phrase “...” in paragraph 2 mean/refer to? 2．Which is closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph 1? 3．Which (of the following) best explains “...” underlined in paragraph 2? 4．Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “...”？ 上下文语境猜词义 [解题关键] [图解技巧] 上下文语境是猜测画线部分的含义的重要依据。解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，从上下文中找出线索，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。   As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a ①persuasive piece on a health­-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two ②assignments, a personal­-narrative unit followed by a creative­-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the ③specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that ④broadened my view and touched my heart. (2025·全国一卷·B) 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed.　　　B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 【语境猜词】 ①persuasive _______________[persuade v．说服＋-­ive] ②assignment ______________[assign v．布置(工作、任务等)＋ -­ment] ③specification __________________[specific adj.明确的，具体的＋-­ation] ④broaden _________________[broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的＋­-en] [自我解答]　_______ adj.有说服力的 n．作业；任务 n．规格，规范 v．增长；拓宽 B [解析]　词义猜测题。本题可以根据上下文语境来解题。根据画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories...touched my heart.”可知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页，故事中的角色既拓宽了作者的视野又触动了作者的内心。由此可推知，这次学生们的写作成果是令人惊叹的。 When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than ①onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of ②print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from ③posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as ④drawing inferences from a text. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 【语境猜词】 ①onscreen _______________[on­-＋screen n．屏幕] ②print __________________[熟义：v.印刷] ③pose ____________[熟义：v.摆好姿势] ④draw inferences from __________________ [自我解答]　_______ adv.在屏幕上 n．印刷品，出版物 v．提出 从……中推断出结论　 D [解析]　词义猜测题。本题可以根据上下文语境来解题。根据画线部分所在段落的前两句“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。根据画线短语所在句可知，当实验人员把任务从易(比如找到阅读文章的主旨)到难(需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论)推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到(become easy to notice)，故选D。 “逻辑关系”猜词义 [解题关键] [图解技巧] 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义关系、同义关系和因果关系等。   In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the ①heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an ②academic, ③making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, ④by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·D) 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.If read by someone poorly educated. B.If reviewed by someone ill-­intentioned. C.If written by someone less competent. D.If translated by someone unacademic. 【语境猜词】 ①heady _________________________________[head n．头部＋-­y] ②academic ___________[熟义：adj.学业的，学术的] ③make for ____________ ④by the close ___________ [自我解答]　________ adj.令人头晕眼花的；令人陶醉的 n.学者 促成；导致 在结束时　 C [解析]　词义猜测题。第二段主要介绍了这本书的作者信息，由画线词下文中的but可知，画线短语所在句子前后语义转折。but后是用一般现在时态描述一种事实，指出这本书的作者Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，能将枯燥难懂的内容变得通俗易懂。but前提到，这样的一本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂，其中could表示一种假设或可能的情况。由此可推知，but前应该是假设一个能力不如Campbell的人来写这本书。故选C。 “语法关系”猜词义 [解题关键] [图解技巧] 下定义、同位语(从句)、定语从句、举例子和标点符号是文章中常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助我们猜测词义。   Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“①Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative ②sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·C) 30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A.Improve.　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Oppose. C.Begin. D．Evaluate. 【语境猜词】 ①resident ___________ ②session ____________ [自我解答]　_______ n．居民 n．一段时间　 C [解析]　词义猜测题。画线短语所在句中的“one of the first to embark on the project”是主语Wendy Wilson的同位语，根据embark on前面的one of the first及后面的“Residents really welcome the idea of...to people here.”可知，此处指Wendy Wilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一。故选C项。 “构词法”猜词义 [解题关键] [图解技巧] 近几年高考阅读理解文本中出现了越来越多由构词法构成的词，这给考生准确理解语境造成了障碍。掌握一定的构词知识，学会通过构词法巧推词义不仅可以帮助考生解决词义猜测题，还有助于考生巧推阅读理解文本中的生词。所以做题时如果可以利用构词法，一定要先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。   Part one ①concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide ②massive benefits to the things you value. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) 29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear­-up.　　　　　　 B.Add­-on. C.Check-­in. D.Take­-over. 【语境猜词】 ①conclude _____________[熟义：v.得出结论] ②massive ____________________[mass n．大量，许多＋­-ive]　 [自我解答]　_______ v．结束 adj.大量的，大规模的 A [解析]　词义猜测题。画线单词declutter含有前缀de-­，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境并根据画线单词所在段落第二句“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，the digital declutter 要求人们远离一些线上活动，故可推测出词义。 速记4类高频派生词词缀 类别 词缀 含义 例词 否定 词缀 im-­/in-/ir-­/il-/un-­/dis-­/ -­less 非，没有，不，无 impractical不切实际的 incomplete不完整的 irrational不合逻辑的 illegal非法的 unworthy不值得的 dishonest不诚实的 fearless无畏的 anti­- 反对；对立；防，防止 antibody抗体 antibacterial抗菌的 mis­- 坏(或错)的，糟糕的 misconception错误认识 misbehave行为不端 类别 词缀 含义 例词 动词 词缀 en­-/-­en 使，使成为 enable使能够 soften(使)变软 ­-ize 成为，使，使像 privatize使私有化 modernize使现代化 ­-fy 使……化，使，(使)成为 justify证明……正确 simplify使简化 类别 词缀 含义 例词 形容 词词缀　 ­-able/ ­-ible 可……的；能够……的 affordable付得起的 predictable可预料的 audible听得见的 -­ive/ ­-active/ ­-itive 具有……性质的；与……相关的 informative提供有用信息的 interactive合作的；交互式的 positive积极乐观的 类别 词缀 含义 例词 其他 高频 词缀 pre­- 在……前 preface前言 prehistoric史前的 fore­- 在……的前部；预先 forecast预报 forehead前额 post­- 后，以后 postgraduate研究生 re­- 重新，又 reusable可重复使用的 rearrange重新安排 over­- 太，过于 overestimate高估 extra­- 在……之外，超出 extracurricular课外的 extraordinary非凡的 co­- 共同；联合 co­author合著者　coexist共存 multi­- 多个，许多 multinational跨国的 multicultural多元文化的 速记4类高频合成词 类别 例词 合成名词 landslide滑坡 blueprint蓝图 milestone里程碑 合成动词 fine­-tune对……微调 dry­-clean干洗 合成形容词 carefree无忧无虑的 time-­consuming耗时间的 合成副词 anyplace在任何地方 first-­hand 直接地 二、代词指代题 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中的关系词的指代。 ★设问方式： 1．What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which/...” refer to? 2．The underlined part “it/that/they/ which/...” in paragraph 2 refers to ．   There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their ①regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a ② disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” (2025·全国二卷·B) 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A.Offering regular lessons.　　　　 　　 B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 【语境猜词】 ①regular ____________[熟义：adj.有规律的] ②disservice __________________________[dis-­＋service n．服务]　 [自我解答]　_______ adj.常规的 n．损害；伤害；危害 C [解析]　代词指代题。本题问第四段中画线词it的指代内容。根据画线词所在句上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.”可知，一些教师出于对患病学生的同情，不给他们布置任何作业；结合画线词所在句中的“it is a disservice to the kids”和下文“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知，Ho认为这种方式对孩子们而言是一种伤害，孩子们会认为老师不关心自己的功课，因此it指代上文提到的“不给患病的学生布置作业”这一举动。故选C项。 三、句意理解题 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：句意理解题一般出现在上下文有解释的、有特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句上下文寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。 ★设问方式： 1．What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean? 2．Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？   Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These ①adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their ②nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! (2024·全国甲卷·B) 26．Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3? A.Perform appropriately.　　　 B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 【语境猜词】 ①adorable _______________________[adore v．热爱，爱慕＋-­able] ②nature __________________[熟义：n.大自然]　 [自我解答]　________ adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的 n．天性，本性 D [解析]　句意理解题。根据第三段中的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit...”可知，狗经常从外面带回来物品，画线部分所在句的下文提到猫会给它们的主人带回礼物来表达它们对主人的爱，这是它们与生俱来的本能，由此可知，在从外面带回物品这方面，猫将这一行为提升到了一个更高的层次，do better与画线部分意思最接近，故选D。 随堂演练 A (2025·河北石家庄毕业班质检) Like a lot of Canadians, Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game—lacrosse (长曲棍球), other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks. It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (曲棍球) that he took much notice. His son, Jack, went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League. Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse Club, in the Toronto area, which has been around since 1890. When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr. Suboch, who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto, volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program, which introduced children aged 3 and 4 to the game. Thanks to his sponsorship, more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks. They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt. “They are taught to catch, throw, pass and shoot，”he said.“You get them running around. Get them away from the screen. It is our national game, so you get them exposed. And sure enough, they caught on．” To fund the program, Mr. Suboch came up with a novel idea. He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances, metal and electronic items, such as computers and cell phones. He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre. “Word has gotten out, so people now will give me their used electronic equipment and metal stuff，”he said. The recycling effort raises around $20，000 annually, which covers the cost of the lacrosse program. Mr. Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy. “Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，” he said, “but we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew Suboch 通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目， 帮助更多的孩子参与长曲棍球运动。 1．Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program? A.His son asked him to support the game. B.The kids' league faced declining participation. C.He wanted to promote his own law firm. D.He hoped to popularize a hockey organization. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr. Suboch...volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the ‘Baby Peanut’ program”可知， 2014 年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时， Andrew Suboch 自愿介入， 表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut” 项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。 2．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean? A.Learned the rules.　　　　 B.Got injured. C.Attracted donations. D.Became interested. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。画线短语前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线词所在句语境可知，此处画线短语应该表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。 3．How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program? A.By organizing charity matches. B.By collecting and selling used items. C.By charging participation fees. D.By raising money from the community. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第五段首句讲为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew想出了一个新奇的主意，接着具体讲述了这个主意是什么，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类， 之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。 4．What can we learn about the program's impact? A.It reduced screen time for children. B.It increased waste sent to landfills. C.It made lacrosse popular worldwide. D.It created jobs for the local residents. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，’ he said, ‘but we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知， 这个项目不仅减少了送往废弃物填埋场的垃圾，还让人们有了不沉迷于电子屏幕的孩子。 由此可知， 该项目其中的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕时间。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.3：sponsor v．赞助(活动、节目等)n.赞助商，赞助者→sponsorship(Para.4)n.(对活动或赛事的)赞助款，资助 Para.4：lightweight adj.比通常重量轻的 Para.5：fund v．为 (活动、组织、事件等) 提供资金，拨款给　appliance n．(家用)电器，器具 Para.6：landfill n．废物填埋；废物填埋地(场) 熟词 生义 Para.4：shoot v．常用义：射击，发射　文章义：射门，投篮 Para.5：novel常用义：n.(长篇)小说　文章义：adj.新颖的，与众不同的 cover v．常用义：遮盖；覆盖　文章义：足以支付，够付 必备 短语 Para.2：excel at擅长 Para.3：step in介入，干涉，插手 Para.5：word gets out消息传开 B Denmark, known for its fantastic fairy tales and elegant design studios, is about to become known for something more basic: the world's first belch and manure tax (打嗝和粪便税). That's because there are five times as many pigs and cows in Denmark as there are people. Nearly two-­thirds of its land is taken up by farming. And agriculture is becoming its largest share of air pollution, putting lawmakers under intense public pressure to reduce it. So now, Denmark's government has agreed to tax the planet­-heating methane (甲烷) emissions that all those animals expel through their waste products, gas-­passing and belching. The measure, under negotiation for years, was passed by the Danish Parliament in November 2024, making it the only such climate tax on livestock in the world. “ I think it's good，” said Rasmus Angelsnes, thirty­-one, who was shopping for dinner in Copenhagen one recent afternoon. “It's a slight motivation to make different choices, maybe more climate­-friendly choices.” The tax is designed to clean up the country's agricultural pollution and eventually restore some farmland to its natural form, like peatlands (泥炭地). Denmark's quest is also part of a reflection for many agricultural powerhouses, as these countries face calls to reduce pollution from farms. Globally, the food system accounts for 25% of greenhouse gases, and reducing those emissions requires making tough choices on diets, jobs and industries. Meanwhile, farmers are victims of the threat of climate change, with heat, droughts and floods worsened by the burning of fossil fuels, which makes food an extremely annoying climate problem to take on. Svend Brodersen is an organic farmer, which means his options are more limited. “It's a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn't have to mean lots of pollution，” he said. “Without a tax, everyone will do the same tomorrow as they did yesterday.” A bigger and more difficult dilemma still exists whether Denmark will continue to turn over so much of its land to farm animals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。丹麦因养殖了大量的猪和牛而面临农业污染问题，农业已成为该国大气污染的主要来源。为应对公众压力，丹麦政府决定对牲畜排放的甲烷气体征收打嗝和粪便税。 5．Why did Denmark introduce the belch and manure tax? A.To urge people to eat less meat. B.To boost the government's income. C.To promote the development of farming. D.To lessen air pollution linked to agriculture. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。第一段介绍了丹麦是世界上首个征收打嗝和粪便税的国家。第二段解释了丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的原因：丹麦的猪和牛的数量是人口的五倍， 近三分之二的土地被农业占用。农业正在成为大气污染的最大来源，这使立法者面临着减少污染的巨大的公众压力。由此可知，丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税是为了减少与农业相关的大气污染。 6．What does the underlined word “expel” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Digest. B.Release. C.Absorb. D.Consume. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。画线词上文提到丹麦政府已经同意对使地球变暖的甲烷排放征税。结合第一段提到的丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税以应对与农业相关的大气污染问题可知，动物打嗝和排泄粪便会产生大量甲烷，因此画线词的意思应为“排出”，release 的意思与其相近。 7．What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A.The challenges of farmers. B.The significance of the tax. C.The restoration of peatlands. D.The development of the food system. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“The tax is designed to clean up the country's agricultural pollution...reduce pollution from farms.”可知， 丹麦征收打嗝和粪便税的目的是减少农业污染，并逐步将部分农田恢复为自然状态。丹麦的这一举措也是许多农业大国进行反思的一部分，因为这些国家面临着减少农业污染的呼声。由此可知，本段主要强调的是征收打嗝和粪便税对治理农业污染、恢复农田以及对其他农业大国的借鉴意义。因此本段主要聚焦征收该税的意义。 8．What do Brodersen's words imply? A.The tax promises to benefit the local environment. B.The tax can totally solve air pollution. C.The tax will enlarge the organic food market. D.The tax has nothing to do with pollution. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词Brodersen将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。根据“It's a chance to show the rest of the world that farming doesn't have to mean lots of pollution”可知，Brodersen认为这是一个向世界其他地区展示农业不一定意味着大量污染的机会。由此可推知，他认为这个税收政策对降低丹麦的农业环境污染是有好处的，即让当地的环境受益。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：elegant adj.漂亮雅致的，精美的 Para.2：intense adj.十分强烈的，很大的 Para.3：emission n．排放物，散发物；(光、热、气等的)发出，排放　negotiation n．谈判，磋商，协商 Para.4：motivation n．动力 Para.5：restore v．使恢复　quest n．(长期的)寻找，探索，追求　reflection n．深思，审慎的思考　victim n．受害者，牺牲品　worsen v．(使)变得更坏，(使)恶化 Para.6：organic adj.有机的，绿色的 Para.7：dilemma n．(进退两难的)窘境，困境 熟词 生义 Para.2：share常用义：v.共享；共有，合用　文章义：n.(某人拥有或应负担的)一份 感谢您的观看 $