专题1 题型1 第1讲 细节理解题-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

题型一 阅读理解 专题一 阅读 [考情分析] 年份 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 考点统计 主题 语境 语境 内容 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2025 全国 一卷 A 说明文 人与自然 交通领域的碳排放及应对方案 3       B 记叙文 人与社会 写作课的教学启示 2 1   1 C 议论文 人与社会 城市交通与生活 2 1 1   D 说明文 人与社会 微塑料污染及应对方法 1 3     全国 二卷 A 应用文 人与社会 英国的特色集镇 3       B 说明文 人与社会 开设在儿童医院里的学校 2 1   1 C 说明文 人与自然 绿植对健康的影响 2 1 1   D 说明文 人与社会 用食物边角料制作美味 1 2 1   年份 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 考点统计 主题 语境 语境 内容 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 修复工作队志愿者招募 3       B 记叙文 人与自然 中西医结合治疗动物 2 1 1   C 说明文 人与自我 学习媒介的选择 2 1   1 D 说明文 人与自然 生物样本数据的可用性 2 2     新课标 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 卡洛秋季徒步健身活动 3       B 记叙文 人与社会 阅读亭项目 3 1     C 说明文 人与社会 BMF缩短食物到餐桌的距离 2 1 1   D 说明文 人与社会 图书推荐 2   1 1 年份 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 考点统计 主题 语境 语境 内容 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句 猜测 2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 自行车租赁公司广告 3       B 记叙文 人与自然 污水净化生态机器 2 2     C 说明文 人与自我 数字极简主义生活方式 3     1 D 说明文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应 1 2 1   新课标 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 美国黄石国家公园“护林员”项目 3       B 记叙文 人与自然 学校菜园项目 2 1 1   C 说明文 人与社会 书籍介绍 1 2   1 D 说明文 人与自然 接触自然有益于健康 2 2     [命题趋势] 1．阅读理解部分话题丰富，语篇难度呈阶梯式递进。选材贴近时代生活且融入专业词汇，既根植于中华优秀传统文化，又聚焦国际议题，兼具彰显本土价值与培养人文关怀意识的双重维度。 2．设题角度全面，理解具体信息的难度增加，误导选项的干扰性增强，既侧重考查考生对细节信息的加工处理能力，又强化思维的逻辑性和批判性的培养。 3．短文体裁多样。短文体裁包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文等，说明文占比较高。2025年高考全国一卷在命题形式上进行了显著革新，选材层面出现重大调整：A篇的传统应用文体裁被说明文取代，采用图文结合的多模态呈现形式；B篇突破单一文体限制，不再是纯记叙文，而是融合了其他文体元素。 4．近三年新高考英语阅读理解部分突出考查考生理解和运用语言知识解决问题的基本能力，以考查细节理解、推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。 [解题流程] 第一讲　细节理解题 纵观近几年高考试题可以发现，考查理解文章具体信息的试题量一直居高不下，难度则呈增加趋势，具体表现为：题干关键词和原文信息表达方式不同；正确选项与原文信息表达方式不同；正确选项对原文信息句进行高度简化和概括；部分答案需要跨段落寻找；有时甚至需要考生梳理分析多个信息点(信息点在不同的段落)才能得出正确答案。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 三、数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解 随堂演练 二、综合信息理解题——转述概括巧归纳 一、直接信息理解题——妙搜定位巧比对 一、直接信息理解题——妙搜定位巧比对 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：直接信息理解题的特点是在原文中可以找到和选项信息几乎一样的短语或句子。考生只需要弄清题干问的是什么，找到题干中的关键信息，然后根据信息在文中寻找相关内容(有时需跨段落寻找细节信息)进行下一步判断。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。 ★设问方式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出问题。   (2025·全国二卷·A) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality ①shaped by the goods and services produced and ②traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. ③Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 21.Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A.In the Ludlow Castle.　　　　　　 B.In the Foodie Center of England. C.In the Hereford Cathedral. D.In the Black and White House Museum. 【语境猜词】 ①shape ___________[熟义：n.形状] ②trade ____________[熟义：n.贸易，买卖] ③skirt ___________________[熟义：n.女裙]　 [自我解答]　______ v．塑造 v．营运 v．环绕……的四周 C­­ [解析]　细节理解题。根据题干关键词an original copy of the Magna Carta，可迅速定位到Hereford，Herefordshire部分中的“The Hereford Cathedral...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知，《大宪章》的一份原件展示在赫里福德大教堂。原文中的original copies of the Magna Carta与题干中的关键词为原词复现。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·A) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy ①Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian ②approval section signed. 22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5.　　　　　　B．10. C．15.　　　　　　D．18. 【语境猜词】 ①guideline _________________________[guide n．指导者；指南＋line n．线] ②approval ___________[approve v．赞成，同意＋-­al] [自我解答]　______ n．准则；指导原则 n．许可 B [解析]　细节理解题。根据AGE，SKILLS，WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10岁。 二、综合信息理解题——转述概括巧归纳 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：与直接信息理解题相比，综合信息理解题命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项与原文信息表达方式不同，一般都是原文的同义转述，即用同义词、近义词或反义词等增加题干或正确选项的干扰性。有时涉及一段内多个信息点或几段的某些内容，需进行概括和归纳才能得出答案。 ★设问方式： 1．特殊疑问句形式，以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出问题。 2．What can we learn (about)... from the text? 3．According to the author/text...   (2025·全国一卷·B) In my ninth­-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a ①modern­-day Juliet who died of ②heartbreak after her parents ③rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well. 24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A.Ninth graders.　　　　 B.Students' parents. C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters. 【语境猜词】 ①modern­-day _____________________[modern adj.现代的＋day n．时代；时期] ②heartbreak ___________________________[heart n．心，心脏；内心＋break v．(使)破] ③reject _______________ [自我解答]　_______ adj.现代的，当代的 n．心碎，强烈的悲痛感 v．拒绝接受 D [解析]　细节理解题。本题问第一段开头提到的人是谁。根据,文章第一段第一句中的“In my ninth-­grade writing class last year”可知，去年作者教授的是九年级的写作课；再根据第一段最后一句中的“I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people”可知，是作者的学生在写作课上创作了上文提到的“a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father... and a modern-­day Juliet...”这些人。由此可知，第一段中作者提及的人是学生在写作中创作的人物，即虚构的人物。故选D项。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. … But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called“shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people ①approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more ②engaging than text, and so university teachers ③increasingly turn to these technologies—④say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.　　　　　　　　 B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 【语境猜词】 ①approach ___________________[熟义：v.接近，靠近n.方式，方法，态度；靠近，接近] v．着手处理，对付 ②engaging ___________________[engage v．吸引住(注意力、兴趣)＋-­ing] ③increasingly _____________________________[increase v．增加＋-­ing＋-­ly] ④say __________[熟义：v.说] [自我解答]　______ adj.有趣的；迷人的 adv.越来越多地，不断增加地 v．比方说 A [解析]　细节理解题。根据题干关键词shallowing hypothesis，考生可以迅速定位到文章第四段，结合该段中的“According to this theory, people... which are often not so serious, and devote less mental, effort than when they are reading print.”可知，在对待电子文本时，读者通常不是很严肃，也不会那么努力地进行思考。故正确答案为 A。原文中的“not so serious”与“devote less mental effort”和A项中的“treat...lightly”为同义转述。 30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A.They can hold students' attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. [自我解答]　______ A [解析]　细节理解题。根据题干中的“audio and video. . . teachers”，可定位到文章第五段中的“Audio and video can feel...these technologies”，由此可知，大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频的原因是音频和视频更加吸引人。题干中的used 是原文中的 turn to的同义替换，feel more engaging与A项中的 hold students' attention 为同义异构。 三、数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：数字计算题常涉及对时间、数量、年龄、价钱、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，相对容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。 ★设问方式：特殊疑问句形式，主要以how many/much、how long、when、in which year等开头引出问题。   (2025·全国一卷·A) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to① decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which ②accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the ③breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%.　　　　　　　　　　 B．45.1%. C.74.5%. D．86.1%. 【语境猜词】 ①decarbonize ___________________[de­-＋carbon n．碳＋-­ize] ②account for __________________ ③breakdown __________________[熟义：故障，失败] [自我解答]　______ v．降低……的碳排放 (数量上、比例上)占 n．分类，明细 C [解析]　数字计算题。本题问2018年公路车辆的(碳)排放量在全球交通运输所产生的(碳)排放量中的占比。根据文章第一幅图中的相关数据“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比为(45.1%＋29.4%＝)74.5%。 随堂演练 A (2025·湖北武汉调研) Guided Tours for United Nations Headquarters Visit the United Nations in the heart of New York City! Guided tours offer an engaging way to explore the United Nations Headquarters. Visit the Security Council Chamber (会议厅), the Trusteeship Council Chamber, and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Chamber. Learn about how the United Nations addresses issues such as climate change, peace and security, human rights, and how you can support the Sustainable Development Goals. Due to high-­level meetings of Heads of State and Heads of Government, United Nations Headquarters and Chambers may sometimes close to the public at very short notice. For entry Register Online: All visitors to United Nations Headquarters must register on the United Nations Security Website prior to arrival. Click here to register. Bring Valid (有效的) Identification: All visitors aged 16 and older must bring a valid, original, government­-issued photo ID from a UN Member State or Non­-Member Observer State to present at entry. Acceptable forms include passports, driver's licenses and national identity cards. Please note: Only original, physical IDs are accepted (no photocopies or digital images). For security reasons, children under 5 years of age are not permitted on tour. Hours of operation Weekdays: First tour leaving at 9：30 a．m., last tour leaving at 4：45 p．m. Please plan to arrive 60 minutes before your tour. The UN Headquarters is closed on weekends and public holidays. Rates for 2025 Adult: $26.00 Student (Aged 13＋): $18.00 Child (Aged 5－12): $15.00 A 10% booking fee will apply. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国总部导览参观的相关信息。 1．What can visitors do during the tour? A.Explore the working routine of the UN. B.Design climate projects for the UN. C.Attend high­-level meetings. D.Deliver a public speech. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Learn about how the United Nations addresses issues...and how you can support the Sustainable Development Goals.”可知， 游客可以了解联合国如何处理气候变化、和平与安全、人权和自己可以如何支持可持续性发展目标等事宜。这表明游客可以探索联合国的工作流程。 2．What is a must for visitors to take the tour? A.Presenting an original photograph. B.Reaching the required age limit. C.Registering online upon arrival. D.Bringing a passport copy. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据For entry部分中的 “For security reasons, children under 5 years of age are not permitted on tour.”可知， 出于安全原因， 5岁以下的儿童不允许参观。因此， 达到要求的年龄限制是参观的必要条件。故B项正确。 3．How much should a couple with a 15­-year-­old pay for the tour? A.$77.　　　 B．$70. C.$67. D．$62. 答案：A 解析：数字计算题。根据文章最后一部分可知，两个成人的费用为(26.00×2＝)52.00美元，一个15岁的孩子的费用为18.00美元，总费用为(52.00＋18.00＝)70.00美元，加上10%的预订费后共计(70.00×1.10＝)77.00美元。因此，总费用为77.00美元，故A项正确。 语料积累 必备 单词 security n. 安全，平安　sustainable adj.可持续的　entry n．进入 (指权利等)　register v．登记，注册　identification n．身份证明；确认，确定　original adj.原作的，真迹的； 独创的　acceptable adj.可接受的，可容许的　license n．许可证，执照 熟词 生义 address常用义：n.住址，地址　文章义： v．设法解决，处理，对付 必备 短语 at short notice随时，一经通知立即　prior to在……之前 B (2025·豫西北教研联盟质检) I'm an artist, always considering art and beauty as essential to life as daily bread. However, I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art. Over time, I noticed that many, even most people, regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity. My rudest awakening to this subject came during a visit to Britain. While exploring the countryside, I stopped at a small store that made its own cheese daily. The salesperson，a young woman with an air of expertise, was astonished by my ignorance of milk products. When I asked if they sold the cheese made that morning，she said with annoyance, “Don't you know anything about cheese？”Suddenly and without thinking, I said，“No. Do you know anything about art？” Her reply “No. But that's not something you have to do with every day, and cheese is！”made me realize that for most people，art isn't a daily essential. Despite this common view，I firmly believe art is as crucial as food. It's the expression of our individuality. We all share basic human qualities，feelings，and longings, but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art. Throughout art history，while the subject matter of paintings may be similar，the true essence lies in the artist's unique style. Museums，which I once saw as the preserve of a few great artists，now seem to spotlight the universal truth of individual uniqueness. They remind us that expressing our originality is the core of art and life. Art is everywhere in our daily lives. Whether we're cooking，arranging flowers，or conducting business，art is our unique voice，helping us resist pressure to follow and preserve our individual beauty. As John Muir said，“Everybody needs beauty as well as bread.” Art is indeed a universal，individual，and fundamental truth；it is also an essential part of our daily existence. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名艺术家，认为艺术和面包一样对生活至关重要。但在英国的一次经历让他意识到，很多人认为艺术是一种奢侈品而非必需品。尽管如此，作者依然坚信艺术是至关重要的，它是我们个性的表达，存在于日常生活的方方面面。 4．How did the author originally react to others' views on art? A.He felt curious. B.He paid little attention. C.He was concerned. D.He was opposed to them. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art.”可知，作者最初并没有过多地考虑别人是如何看待艺术的，也就是几乎没注意。 5．What did the author learn during his visit to the British store? A.The beauty of cheese. B.The necessities in life. C.The common opinion on art. D.The value of art in life. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Her reply ‘No. But that's not something you have to do with every day, and cheese is！’ made me realize that for most people, art isn't a daily essential.”可知，作者通过这次经历了解到了大多数人对艺术的普遍看法，即艺术不是日常必需品。 6．Why does the author think art is crucial? A.It shapes one's personality. B.It's as common as daily bread. C.It enriches people's lives. D.It's a way to show off oneself. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “It's the expression of our individuality... but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art.”可知，作者认为艺术塑造了一个人的个性， 所以作者认为艺术至关重要。 7．What does the text mainly convey to us? A.The significance of art in everyday life. B.The author's long­-term passion for art. C.The difference between art and daily needs. D.The history of art and the role of museums. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。在文章开头，作者表明自己作为艺术家认为艺术对生活至关重要，接着讲述了自己在英国的经历以及别人对艺术的看法，然后阐述了自己坚信艺术重要的原因，最后强调艺术存在于日常生活的方方面面，是生活中必不可少的一部分。由此可知，文章主要向我们传达的是艺术在日常生活中的重要性。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的　initially adv.开始，最初，起初　perceive v．理解，思考，认为　necessity n．必需的事物，必需品 Para.2：expertise n．专门知识，专门技能，专长　ignorance n．无知 Para.3：crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的　individuality n．个性，个人 (或个体) 特征　longing n．(对……的) 渴望，热望 Para.4：essence n．本质，实质，精髓　spotlight vt.特别关注，突出报道(以使公众注意)　core n．最重要的部分，核心，要点，精髓 Para.5：arrange vt.整理，排列，布置 熟词 生义 Para.4：preserve常用义：v.保护，维护，保留　文章义：n.(某人或群体活动、工作等的)专门领域 必备 短语 Para.2：without thinking不经思考地，毫不考虑地 Para.5：resist pressure顶住压力 感谢您的观看 $