Unit 3 My hometown 冠词a an the和方位介词(语法讲解+分层精练）--2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

Unit 3 My hometown （冠词a an the和方位介词） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 (一)冠词 (a, an, the) 1 1. 不定冠词 a / an 1 2. 定冠词 the 1 3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 2 （二）方位介词 2 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共15题) 3 （二）用适当的冠词 (a, an, the) 或介词填空，如不需要请填“/” (共10题) 4 （三）句子改错 (每句有一处错误，找出并改正) (共5题) 5 一、语法讲解 (一)冠词 (a, an, the) 冠词是置于名词前，说明名词特指或泛指的虚词 1. 不定冠词 a / an 表示“一个”，用于泛指任何一类人或事物中的一个 用法 规则 例句 易错点 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前 a book, a university, a useful tool university 发音以 /j/ 开头，是辅音音素 an 用于元音音素开头的单词前 an apple, an hour, an honest boy hour, honest 中 h 不发音，以元音音素开头 2. 定冠词 the 表示特指，相当于“这个/那个/这些/那些” 用法 例句 特指上文提过的人或物 I have a cat. The cat is white. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物 Please close the window. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 the sun, the moon, the earth 用在序数词、最高级及某些专有名词前 the first, the tallest, the Great Wall 用在乐器名词前 play the piano, play the violin 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人 the young (年轻人)， the poor (穷人) 3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 情况 例句 泛指复数名词或不可数名词 Life is beautiful. Dogs are loyal. 专有名词（人名、国家、城市、街道等）前 Mary, China, Beijing, Main Street 三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏前 have breakfast, play basketball, play chess 星期、月份、季节前 on Monday, in July, in winter 语言、学科名称前 speak English, study math 某些固定搭配中 go to school, go to bed, by bus （二）方位介词 方位介词用于表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间的位置或方向关系 介词 核心含义与用法 例句 in 在…内部（范围较大或相对封闭） in the room, in the box, in the world on 在…表面（有接触），或指“在（某天）” on the desk, on the wall, on Monday at 在…点（具体位置点、小地点、具体时刻） at the door, at the bus stop, at 8 o'clock under 在…正下方 The ball is under the chair. above 在…上方（不一定垂直，无接触） The plane is flying above the clouds. below 在…下方（不一定垂直） The temperature is below zero. over 在…正上方（垂直，可能覆盖），也可指“越过” A bridge is over the river. in front of 在…前面（外部的前面） A car is parked in front of the house. behind 在…后面 The garden is behind the house. next to / beside 紧挨着，在…旁边 Sit next to me. between 在两者之间 The bank is between the hotel and the post office. among 在三者或以上之中 She is standing among her friends. across 横穿（从表面穿过） Walk across the street. through 穿过（从内部空间穿过） The train goes through a tunnel. into 进入…内部（动态） He walked into the classroom. out of 从…里面出来（动态） She ran out of the room. from 来自…，从…起 I'm from China. to 到…，向…（目的地） go to school, give the book to me near 在…附近 live near the school 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共15题) 1. There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “use”. A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an 2. —Have you seen ________ pencil? I left it here this morning. —Is it ________ red one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 3. My sister often plays ________ piano after school, and I often play ________ basketball. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 4. —How do you usually go to work? —I usually go to work ________ bus. A. in B. on C. by D. with 5. The library is ________ the left of the teaching building. A. in B. at C. on D. to 6. It's ________ useful book. You should read it carefully. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. The boy is looking ________ the window at the birds in the tree. A. across B. through C. above D. over 8. —What's ________ date today? —It's June 1st. A. a B. an C. the D. / 9. My grandparents live ________ a small farm ________ the countryside. A. in; in B. on; in C. at; on D. on; at 10. ________ sun is much bigger than ________ earth. A. A; an B. The; the C. The; an D. A; the 11. Don't read ________ bed. It's bad for your eyes. A. in B. on C. at D. under 12. Switzerland is famous for ________ mountains and ________ watches. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 13. The plane is flying ________ the clouds. A. on B. above C. under D. through 14. —Who's that boy ________ a blue T-shirt? —Oh, he's my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. of 15. —Is your mother at home? —No, she is ________ work. She won't be back ________ 6 p.m. A. in; until B. at; until C. in; after D. at; after （二）用适当的冠词 (a, an, the) 或介词填空，如不需要请填“/” (共10题) 1. I have ________ egg and ________ glass of milk for breakfast every day. 2. Can you see ________ moon in the sky tonight? 3. They usually go for a walk ________ the evening. 4. My father is ________ engineer. He works in ________ big factory. 5. Japan is ________ island country in ________ east of Asia. 6. We are going to have ________ picnic ________ Sunday morning. 7. Please turn off ________ lights when you leave ________ room. 8. There is a bridge ________ the river. 9. The bookstore is ________ the corner of the street. 10. Don't be late ________ school again. （三）句子改错 (每句有一处错误，找出并改正) (共5题) 1. He wants to be an university teacher in the future. 2. The France is an European country. 3. My birthday is on the April 10th. 4. Look! The ball is under the table. Let's get it out. 5. I'll meet you in the front of the school gate at 8 a.m. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 My hometown （冠词a an the和方位介词） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 (一)冠词 (a, an, the) 1 1. 不定冠词 a / an 1 2. 定冠词 the 1 3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 2 （二）方位介词 2 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共15题) 3 （二）用适当的冠词 (a, an, the) 或介词填空，如不需要请填“/” (共10题) 4 （三）句子改错 (每句有一处错误，找出并改正) (共5题) 5 一、语法讲解 (一)冠词 (a, an, the) 冠词是置于名词前，说明名词特指或泛指的虚词 1. 不定冠词 a / an 表示“一个”，用于泛指任何一类人或事物中的一个 用法 规则 例句 易错点 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前 a book, a university, a useful tool university 发音以 /j/ 开头，是辅音音素 an 用于元音音素开头的单词前 an apple, an hour, an honest boy hour, honest 中 h 不发音，以元音音素开头 2. 定冠词 the 表示特指，相当于“这个/那个/这些/那些” 用法 例句 特指上文提过的人或物 I have a cat. The cat is white. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物 Please close the window. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 the sun, the moon, the earth 用在序数词、最高级及某些专有名词前 the first, the tallest, the Great Wall 用在乐器名词前 play the piano, play the violin 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人 the young (年轻人)， the poor (穷人) 3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 情况 例句 泛指复数名词或不可数名词 Life is beautiful. Dogs are loyal. 专有名词（人名、国家、城市、街道等）前 Mary, China, Beijing, Main Street 三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏前 have breakfast, play basketball, play chess 星期、月份、季节前 on Monday, in July, in winter 语言、学科名称前 speak English, study math 某些固定搭配中 go to school, go to bed, by bus （二）方位介词 方位介词用于表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间的位置或方向关系 介词 核心含义与用法 例句 in 在…内部（范围较大或相对封闭） in the room, in the box, in the world on 在…表面（有接触），或指“在（某天）” on the desk, on the wall, on Monday at 在…点（具体位置点、小地点、具体时刻） at the door, at the bus stop, at 8 o'clock under 在…正下方 The ball is under the chair. above 在…上方（不一定垂直，无接触） The plane is flying above the clouds. below 在…下方（不一定垂直） The temperature is below zero. over 在…正上方（垂直，可能覆盖），也可指“越过” A bridge is over the river. in front of 在…前面（外部的前面） A car is parked in front of the house. behind 在…后面 The garden is behind the house. next to / beside 紧挨着，在…旁边 Sit next to me. between 在两者之间 The bank is between the hotel and the post office. among 在三者或以上之中 She is standing among her friends. across 横穿（从表面穿过） Walk across the street. through 穿过（从内部空间穿过） The train goes through a tunnel. into 进入…内部（动态） He walked into the classroom. out of 从…里面出来（动态） She ran out of the room. from 来自…，从…起 I'm from China. to 到…，向…（目的地） go to school, give the book to me near 在…附近 live near the school 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共15题) 1. There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “use”. A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an 2. —Have you seen ________ pencil? I left it here this morning. —Is it ________ red one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 3. My sister often plays ________ piano after school, and I often play ________ basketball. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 4. —How do you usually go to work? —I usually go to work ________ bus. A. in B. on C. by D. with 5. The library is ________ the left of the teaching building. A. in B. at C. on D. to 6. It's ________ useful book. You should read it carefully. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. The boy is looking ________ the window at the birds in the tree. A. across B. through C. above D. over 8. —What's ________ date today? —It's June 1st. A. a B. an C. the D. / 9. My grandparents live ________ a small farm ________ the countryside. A. in; in B. on; in C. at; on D. on; at 10. ________ sun is much bigger than ________ earth. A. A; an B. The; the C. The; an D. A; the 11. Don't read ________ bed. It's bad for your eyes. A. in B. on C. at D. under 12. Switzerland is famous for ________ mountains and ________ watches. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 13. The plane is flying ________ the clouds. A. on B. above C. under D. through 14. —Who's that boy ________ a blue T-shirt? —Oh, he's my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. of 15. —Is your mother at home? —No, she is ________ work. She won't be back ________ 6 p.m. A. in; until B. at; until C. in; after D. at; after （二）用适当的冠词 (a, an, the) 或介词填空，如不需要请填“/” (共10题) 1. I have ________ egg and ________ glass of milk for breakfast every day. 2. Can you see ________ moon in the sky tonight? 3. They usually go for a walk ________ the evening. 4. My father is ________ engineer. He works in ________ big factory. 5. Japan is ________ island country in ________ east of Asia. 6. We are going to have ________ picnic ________ Sunday morning. 7. Please turn off ________ lights when you leave ________ room. 8. There is a bridge ________ the river. 9. The bookstore is ________ the corner of the street. 10. Don't be late ________ school again. （三）句子改错 (每句有一处错误，找出并改正) (共5题) 1. He wants to be an university teacher in the future. 2. The France is an European country. 3. My birthday is on the April 10th. 4. Look! The ball is under the table. Let's get it out. 5. I'll meet you in the front of the school gate at 8 a.m. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. A 字母 “u” 发音以辅音 /j/ 开头，用 a；字母 “s” 发音以元音 /e/ 开头，用 an 2. A 第一空泛指“一支铅笔”，用 a；第二空在答语中特指问句中的那支，且描述为“红色的那支”，用 the 3. C 演奏乐器前加 the，球类运动前不加冠词 4. C by bus 是固定搭配，表示交通方式 5. C on the left/right of... 表示“在…的左边/右边” 6. A useful 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头，用 a 7. B 表示“透过窗户看”，视线穿过内部空间，用 through 8. C What's the date...? 是询问日期的固定句型 9. B 在农场用 on，在农村用 in the countryside 10. B 世界上独一无二的事物 (sun, earth) 前用 the 11. A in bed 是固定短语，意为“在床上（休息/睡觉）” 12. B 复数名词 (mountains) 和复数名词表泛指 (watches 表类别) 时，均不用冠词 13. B 飞机在云层上方飞行，无接触，用 above 14. C in + 颜色/服装 表示“穿着…” 15. B at work 是固定短语；not... until... 表示“直到…才…” 二、用适当的冠词或介词填空 1. an; a egg 以元音音素开头；glass 以辅音音素开头 2. the 世界上独一无二的 moon 前用 the 3. in in the evening 是固定搭配 4. an; a engineer 以元音音素开头；factory 以辅音音素开头 5. an; the island 以元音音素开头；in the east of... 是固定搭配，表示方位 6. a; on 泛指“一次野餐”用 a；具体某天的上午用 on 7. the; the 两处均为特指“你离开的那个房间的灯” 8. over / across 桥横跨河流，用 over 或 across 9. at / on at/on the corner of... 表示“在…拐角处” 10. for be late for... 是固定搭配 三、句子改错 1. an → a university 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头 2. 去掉The 国名 (France) 前通常不加冠词 3. 去掉the 月份 (April) 前不加冠词 4. under → under (此题无错误) 若原句为 on 则改 under 根据题意，球在桌下需要捡出来，under 本身正确 5. 去掉 the in front of (在…外部的前面) 和 in the front of (在…内部的前部) 含义不同 校门是外部，应用 in front of 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $