Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 一般过去时 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级下册

Unit 1 The secrets of happiness （一般过去时） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本概念与构成 1 （二）核心语法构成 1 1. 实义动词的一般过去时 1 2. Be动词 (was/were) 的一般过去时 2 3. 动词过去式变化规则表 2 4. 关键时间状语与易错点提示 3 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共15题) 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 (共10题) 4 （三）句型转换 (每空一词，共5题) 5 一、语法讲解 （一）基本概念与构成 一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、反复发生的行为。 （二）核心语法构成 1. 实义动词的一般过去时 句式 结构 例句（动词：play） 例句（动词：do） 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. He played basketball yesterday. They did their homework last night. 否定句 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他. He did not (didn't) play basketball yesterday. They didn't do their homework last night. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did he play basketball yesterday? Did they do their homework last night? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? What did he play yesterday? When did they do their homework? 2. Be动词 (was/were) 的一般过去时 句式 结构 例句（主语：I/he/she/it） 例句（主语：we/you/they） 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 表语 + 其他. I was at home. We were happy. 否定句 主语 + was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't) + 表语 + 其他. She was not (wasn't) late. You were not (weren't) late. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 + 其他? Was he a student? Were they students? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他? Where was she? How were you? 使用规则：主语为 I/he/she/it 或单数名词时，用 was；主语为 we/you/they 或复数名词时，用 were。 3. 动词过去式变化规则表 变化规则 动词原形示例 动词过去式示例 说明与记忆要点 规则变化 1. 一般情况，直接加 -ed work, look worked, looked 大部分动词遵循此规则 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾，加 -d live, hope lived, hoped 去掉原词的e再加d 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study, carry studied, carried 仅限于“辅音+y”，“元音+y”则直接加-ed (如play→played) 4. 以“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母再加 -ed stop, plan stopped, planned “重读闭音节”指以一个辅音字母结尾，且该音节元音发短音的音节 不规则变化（需重点记忆） 无固定规则，需逐个记忆 go, have, eat went, had, ate 常见的不规则动词有几十个，需要专门背诵记忆 4. 关键时间状语与易错点提示 类别 常见词语/示例 说明 时间状语 yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ... ago, in + 过去年份, just now, then 句子中出现这些词，是判断使用一般过去时的重要信号 易错点 did 的误用 在否定句和疑问句中，用了 did/didn’t 后，后面的动词必须用原形 be动词与实义动词的混淆 注意区分句子的谓语是 was/were 还是实义动词的过去式，两者不能同时作谓语。例如：He was went home. (错) 应为 He went home. (对) 不规则动词 这是学习和考试的重点难点，必须下功夫准确记忆 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共15题) 1. Jane and Jim once ________ Lanzhou noodles in China. A. have B. has C. had D. will have 2. They ________ their house twenty years ago. It looks very old now. A. build B. are building C. will build D. built 3. —Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? —Yes, I ________ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A. am staying B. stay C. will stay D. stayed 4. They felt very cold, so they ________ a fire to keep warm. A. make B. made C. making D. to make 5. His father ________ a letter ________ him two days ago. A. writes; to B. writes; for C. wrote; to D. wrote; in 6. We ________ many famous museums the next week. We really learned a lot. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. are visiting 7. —Who was on duty last Friday? —________. A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't 8. ________ your parents at home last week? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were 9. He ________ in 2005. A. married B. got married C. married to D. got married to 10. My uncle ________ a new house in the town last year. A. buys B. bought C. is buying D. will buy 11. —________ you watch the football game on TV last night? — No, I ________. I was doing my homework. A. Did; didn't B. Were; wasn't C. Do; don't D. Are; am not 12. There ________ a big garden behind my grandparents' house when I was a child. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. My mother ________ some delicious soup for us yesterday evening. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. will cook 14. — How ________ your last weekend? — It was great! I ________ to the zoo with my family. A. was; go B. is; went C. was; went D. is; go 15. I ________ my keys at home this morning, so I couldn't open the door. A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 (共10题) 1. He ________ (send) an email to his friend yesterday evening. 2. She ________ (take) a walk in the park last night. 3. I ________ (not find) my pen just now. 4. They ________ (build) a new library in our city at that time, but they ________ (not tell) us the exact opening date. 5. A little bird ________ (fly) into the room through the open window. 6. The weather ________ (be) fine yesterday. We ________ (have) a picnic in the park. 7. ________ you ________ (listen) to the music yesterday? 8. When I was young, I often ________ (play) football after school. 9. Lucy ________ (do not) her homework at home last night. 10. He ________ (get) married twenty years ago. （三）句型转换 (每空一词，共5题) 1. There was a big house near the river. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — ________ ________ a big house near the river? — Yes, ________ ________. 2. There were many people in the concert. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ many people in the concert. 3. He found some meat in the fridge. (变一般疑问句) ________ he ________ ________ meat in the fridge? 4. She stayed there for a week. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ she ________ there? 5. There was some orange in the cup. (变一般疑问句) ________ there ________ orange in the cup? 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. C 句中有“once”（曾经），表示过去，动词用过去式 had。 2. D 时间状语“twenty years ago”，动词用过去式 built。 3. D 答句中“last year”是过去时间，表示去年在泰安“stayed”。 4. B 前半句“felt”是过去式，后半句表示因此他们“made”了火取暖。 5. C “two days ago”提示用过去式 wrote；固定搭配 write a letter to sb. 6. C 句意为“我们（上周）参观了许多博物馆，学到很多”。“the next week”在此语境下指过去某时间点的“接下来一周”，动作已发生，用 visited。 7. B 问句是特殊疑问句，询问“上周五谁值日”，直接回答“我（值日）”，时态一致用 I was。 8. D 主语“your parents”是复数，“last week”用过去时，be动词用 Were。 9. A marry作及物动词，直接接宾语，in 2005提示用过去式 married。 10. B “last year”提示用过去式 bought。 11. A 问句是实义动词watch的过去时疑问句，用 Did开头；否定回答用 didn't。 12. C “when I was a child”提示过去；主语“a big garden”单数，用 was。 13. B “yesterday evening”提示用过去式 cooked。 14. C 问句询问状态，“your last weekend”单数，用 was；答句动作发生在过去，用 went。 15. D “this morning”在此语境下指过去时间，表示“忘记带”，用 left。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. sent yesterday evening提示用过去式。 2. took last night提示用过去式，take的过去式是 took。 3. didn't find just now提示过去时，否定句借助did构成，后接动词原形。 4. built; didn't tell at that time提示用过去式。否定句用didn't+动词原形。 5. flew fly的过去式是 flew。 6. was; had yesterday提示用过去式。 7. Did; listen yesterday提示过去时，一般疑问句用Did开头，后接动词原形。 8. played “When I was young”提示过去习惯，用过去式。 9. didn't do 实义动词的过去时否定句，用didn't+动词原形。 10. got “twenty years ago”提示过去时，get married的过去式是 got married。 三、句型转换 1. Was there; there was There was...变疑问句将 Was 提前；肯定简答为 there was。 2. were not / weren't There were...变否定句在were后加 not。 3. Did; find any 实义动词过去时疑问句用 Did 开头，动词原形 find，some在疑问句中常变 any。 4. How long did; stay 对“for a week”（时间段）提问用 How long，原句为过去时，助动词用 did，动词变原形 stay。 5. Was; any There was...变疑问句将 Was 提前，some变 any。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The secrets of happiness （一般过去时） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本概念与构成 1 （二）核心语法构成 1 1. 实义动词的一般过去时 1 2. Be动词 (was/were) 的一般过去时 2 3. 动词过去式变化规则表 2 4. 关键时间状语与易错点提示 3 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共15题) 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 (共10题) 4 （三）句型转换 (每空一词，共5题) 5 一、语法讲解 （一）基本概念与构成 一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、反复发生的行为。 （二）核心语法构成 1. 实义动词的一般过去时 句式 结构 例句（动词：play） 例句（动词：do） 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. He played basketball yesterday. They did their homework last night. 否定句 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他. He did not (didn't) play basketball yesterday. They didn't do their homework last night. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did he play basketball yesterday? Did they do their homework last night? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? What did he play yesterday? When did they do their homework? 2. Be动词 (was/were) 的一般过去时 句式 结构 例句（主语：I/he/she/it） 例句（主语：we/you/they） 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 表语 + 其他. I was at home. We were happy. 否定句 主语 + was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't) + 表语 + 其他. She was not (wasn't) late. You were not (weren't) late. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 + 其他? Was he a student? Were they students? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他? Where was she? How were you? 使用规则：主语为 I/he/she/it 或单数名词时，用 was；主语为 we/you/they 或复数名词时，用 were。 3. 动词过去式变化规则表 变化规则 动词原形示例 动词过去式示例 说明与记忆要点 规则变化 1. 一般情况，直接加 -ed work, look worked, looked 大部分动词遵循此规则 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾，加 -d live, hope lived, hoped 去掉原词的e再加d 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study, carry studied, carried 仅限于“辅音+y”，“元音+y”则直接加-ed (如play→played) 4. 以“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母再加 -ed stop, plan stopped, planned “重读闭音节”指以一个辅音字母结尾，且该音节元音发短音的音节 不规则变化（需重点记忆） 无固定规则，需逐个记忆 go, have, eat went, had, ate 常见的不规则动词有几十个，需要专门背诵记忆 4. 关键时间状语与易错点提示 类别 常见词语/示例 说明 时间状语 yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ... ago, in + 过去年份, just now, then 句子中出现这些词，是判断使用一般过去时的重要信号 易错点 did 的误用 在否定句和疑问句中，用了 did/didn’t 后，后面的动词必须用原形 be动词与实义动词的混淆 注意区分句子的谓语是 was/were 还是实义动词的过去式，两者不能同时作谓语。例如：He was went home. (错) 应为 He went home. (对) 不规则动词 这是学习和考试的重点难点，必须下功夫准确记忆 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共15题) 1. Jane and Jim once ________ Lanzhou noodles in China. A. have B. has C. had D. will have 2. They ________ their house twenty years ago. It looks very old now. A. build B. are building C. will build D. built 3. —Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? —Yes, I ________ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A. am staying B. stay C. will stay D. stayed 4. They felt very cold, so they ________ a fire to keep warm. A. make B. made C. making D. to make 5. His father ________ a letter ________ him two days ago. A. writes; to B. writes; for C. wrote; to D. wrote; in 6. We ________ many famous museums the next week. We really learned a lot. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. are visiting 7. —Who was on duty last Friday? —________. A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't 8. ________ your parents at home last week? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were 9. He ________ in 2005. A. married B. got married C. married to D. got married to 10. My uncle ________ a new house in the town last year. A. buys B. bought C. is buying D. will buy 11. —________ you watch the football game on TV last night? — No, I ________. I was doing my homework. A. Did; didn't B. Were; wasn't C. Do; don't D. Are; am not 12. There ________ a big garden behind my grandparents' house when I was a child. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. My mother ________ some delicious soup for us yesterday evening. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. will cook 14. — How ________ your last weekend? — It was great! I ________ to the zoo with my family. A. was; go B. is; went C. was; went D. is; go 15. I ________ my keys at home this morning, so I couldn't open the door. A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 (共10题) 1. He ________ (send) an email to his friend yesterday evening. 2. She ________ (take) a walk in the park last night. 3. I ________ (not find) my pen just now. 4. They ________ (build) a new library in our city at that time, but they ________ (not tell) us the exact opening date. 5. A little bird ________ (fly) into the room through the open window. 6. The weather ________ (be) fine yesterday. We ________ (have) a picnic in the park. 7. ________ you ________ (listen) to the music yesterday? 8. When I was young, I often ________ (play) football after school. 9. Lucy ________ (do not) her homework at home last night. 10. He ________ (get) married twenty years ago. （三）句型转换 (每空一词，共5题) 1. There was a big house near the river. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — ________ ________ a big house near the river? — Yes, ________ ________. 2. There were many people in the concert. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ many people in the concert. 3. He found some meat in the fridge. (变一般疑问句) ________ he ________ ________ meat in the fridge? 4. She stayed there for a week. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ she ________ there? 5. There was some orange in the cup. (变一般疑问句) ________ there ________ orange in the cup? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $