精品解析：北京市燕山教育集团2025-2026学年高二上学期期末英语试题

北京市燕山教育集团2025-2026学年高二上学期期末 英语试卷 2026年1月 本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡上交。 第一部分：知识运用（共二节，30分） 第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 My brother and I were driving home together and became absorbed in a talk. Because of this careless driving, my brother took a ____1____ turn. Unfortunately, the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll (过桥费) and drove on. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ____2____ waste of $4. We eventually reached an exit slip way and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car that stopped by the roadside. A young guy was standing nearby, looking anxious. I was busy trying to ____3____ which way we went next but my brother pulled over and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) ____4____ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench to get it off. My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the tire. The young man said that this had been a(n) ____5____ week for him: earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this tire was flat on his way home from work. He kept thanking us because he really would have been ____6____ if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give to us. “No,” I said. “We were never ____7____ to even get on that bridge. We took the turn. But now we know why we did. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to ____8____.” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed! ) even in an ____9____ situation. It can only come from a calm mind and a(n) ____10____ heart. 1. A. wrong B. right C. weak D. fresh 2. A. priceless B. countless C. needless D. endless 3. A. debate on B. find out C. put forward D. deal with 4. A. spare B. missing C. flat D. unusual 5. A. exciting B. inspiring C. normal D. unlucky 6. A. stuck B. injured C. lost D. tricked 7. A. allowed B. supposed C. recommended D. demonstrated 8. A. learn B. trade C. help D. work 9. A. complex B. negative C. desperate D. dangerous 10. A. brave B. proud C. heavy D. open 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Daniel Defoe was an English writer best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe, although he also ____11____(write) hundreds of other works. He published Robinson Crusoe in 1719 ____12____ the age of 59. Today, it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. Countless readers have been encouraged by Robinson Crusoe’s qualities, ____13____ go beyond his survival on a desert island. Such qualities can help us cope in a crisis, no matter what or where it is. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 It is true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t ____14____ (overlook). It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first ____15____ (impress) on others and boost your confidence. Being healthy is beautiful, and we should wear that beauty with confidence, ____16____ (know) that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier! C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Cunningham always used simple, ____17____(relative) cheap cameras to take pictures. He liked to photograph ordinary people. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, different ____18____(scene) from everyday life. He would go out onto the streets every day, regardless of the weather. His hard work is reflected within his photos. This is ____19____ makes them so special. His approach to life was uncomplicated. He never accepted the benefits ____20____(offer) to him for being a fashion photographer. His passion for photography lasted throughout his life. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Calling all future scientists and engineers! EUREKA! is hosting our annual science fair! Here’s your chance to apply your love of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) by creating and conducting your own scientific investigation (调查研究). Participation is free and open to all high school students! Students can either enter as an individual or as a team of no more than 3 members. Judging will be based on grade, so there will be separate prizes for different graders. If a team is composed of students from different grades, the project will be judged in the grade category of the oldest participant’s grade. Project Submission All of the following must be completed by Sunday, March 9, 2025: ·Complete the registration form (one per team). •Create an electronic display poster summarising their project and email it to the science fair committee. •Create a video presentation (less than 5 minutes) explaining their project to the judges, and email it to the science fair committee. Safety Rules It is important to wear proper protective gear (装备) when necessary in addition to disposing of (处理) waste properly when conducting a scientific investigation. We strongly recommend that guardians look up and study Safety Data Sheets for any chemicals that their students use and accept responsibility for not allowing their students to experiment with dangerous chemicals. Projects that include the dangerous components go against our safety rules, and will not be displayed or judged. Please contact EUREKA! directly to discuss if you are unsure about your project. 21. To enter the science fair, participants need to ________. A. form a 3-member team B. apply for STEM courses C. be high school students D. come from the same grade 22. What are participants required to do by the submission date? A. Submit their display poster. B. Fill in the registration form individually. C. Video the investigation process. D. Present their project to judges in person. 23. What will cause the project display to be cancelled? A. Getting rid of project waste improperly. B. Involving harmful chemicals in the project. C. Performing experiments without a guardian. D. Conducting investigations without protection. B When I got my first research project to work I was so excited. Seeing research in action was enjoyable. My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do; it’s one reason why I pursued science in the first place. I had hated writing since I was a little boy. But I couldn’t avoid it: writing classes were required in high school. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my disorganised thoughts into fluent sentences. My teachers would return my papers littered with red, showing my paragraphs were out of order. I was frustrated to no end. How could I know what was good if there was no objectively right answer? Maybe I wasn’t cut out for writing. I studied engineering in college. A few years later, I joined a research lab. The professor assigned me an initial project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (电路感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. When I got the results, though, the numbers weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with a team of researchers. Finally, after dozens of designs, we had one that could work. I was overjoyed — until my professor told me to write that research paper. In panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper full of red marks. Before I could quit in defeat, though, the graduate student explained red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was designing my research project?” I kept improving my outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others. Finally, I made it, and surprisingly, I was having fun. From then on, writing became one of my favourite parts of research, and it still is today. It’s a future I never could have imagined during my early struggles with writing classes. But I came around. 24. How did the author feel when asked to write a research paper? A. Regretful. B. Ashamed. C. Disappointed. D. Unwilling. 25 The author’s teacher returned his papers littered with red because ________. A. he handed in blank pages B. his sentences were smooth C. his writing lacked organisation D. he combined science in his writing 26. Which word would best describe the author’s final research design? A. Hard-earned. B. Confusing. C. Well-known. D. Worrying. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good beginning is half done. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. A bad workman always blames his tools. D. Trial and error opens the door to progress. C Many children’s hospitals already have storytelling programmes that aim to cheer up patients. But new research suggests that storytelling also has physiological benefits. “Until now, the positive evidence for storytelling was based on ‘common sense’ that interacting with the child may distract, entertain and reduce psychological suffering,” said Dr Jorge Moll, of D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Brazil. “But there was a lack of a solid scientific basis.” “During storytelling, something happens that we call ‘narrative transportation’. The child, through fantasy, can experience sensations and thoughts that transport him or her to another world, a place that is different from the hospital room, and is, therefore, far from the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization,” says Guilherme Brockington. The team, based at IDOR and the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, studied 81 children between the ages of two and seven, all of whom were in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a hospital in São Paulo. A group of 41 children each had a session with a storyteller, lasting 25 to 30 minutes. A control group of 40 children each had the same amount of time with the same professionals, but they told riddles instead. Before and after the sessions, the team took saliva samples from each child and assessed their pain level. The saliva samples allowed the researchers to measure levels of the hormone cortisol, which is related to stress, and the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in empathy. Both groups of children benefited from the sessions: they all had less cortisol and more oxytocin in their saliva, suggesting they were less stressed, and they reported less pain and discomfort. However, the results were twice as strong for the storytelling group as the control group. At the end of the sessions, the children also took part in a word-association exercise including words like ‘hospital’, ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’. The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”. “I consider this study to be one of the most important I have participated in, due to its potential direct impact on practices in the hospital environment, aiming at the relief of human suffering. We intend to support volunteering devoted to the noble activity of storytelling, now with more solid scientific evidence,” said Moll. 28. According to the passage, “narrative transportation” indicates children _______. A. feel that they are placed into the world of a story B. fire up their imagination and expand their horizons C. have more empathy with the characters in the stories D. experience the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization 29. In Para.3, the author mainly tells the readers about _______. A. the application of the research B. the purpose of the research C. the limitation of the research D. the process of the research 30. How does the author present the findings of the research? A. By making comparisons. B. By giving definitions. C. By presenting examples. D. By analyzing cause and effect. 31. Which of the following may be the response from the storytelling group? A. A hospital is the place where I go when I’m very sick. B. A hospital is the place where I get an injection in my arm. C. A hospital is the place where I am taken care of to feel better. D. A hospital is the place where I’ll have to take some medicine. D Removing gender bias (性别偏见) Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. But this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. For example, car seat belts, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见，成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the reasons for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run companies receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and, engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias — designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fit-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women — including seat belts — because they are not designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70 — 80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 32. Why are car seat belts often designed with a bias towards men? A. Because men tend to sit farther back in cars compared to women. B. Because car seat belts have not undergone significant changes since their invention. C. Because tech companies are incorporating biases into their new car seat belt designs. D. Because tailors have a deeper understanding of body shapes than car seat belt designers. 33. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. What tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Why gender bias takes root in product design. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 34. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Negative. D. Positive. 第二节（共5小题；每小题 2 分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Boost Your Self-Control Contrary to popular belief, self-control does not come along by denying yourself something or being “strict” with yourself. It is about loving yourself and developing new habits. ____35____This is how you get there: Set clear goals so when it comes down to it, you can think first, act later. When you have knowledge that a greater reward is at stake (得失难料), you are going to have an easier time letting go of immediate satisfaction. Prioritize your list according to what you want to achieve in the future. ____36____ Motivate yourself to win and remember that life doesn’t happen to you, it happens for you. Anxiety arises from the belief that you are not in control of your life circumstances but are a victim of them. ____37____ That will set the stage for you to regain your power and access your inner motivation to win and achieve. Know your triggers (诱因) and control the stress response. Certain situations, people or even foods will cause your stress response to be triggered. Your job is to pay attention. ____38____It could be sleep deprivation, or it could be a tendency to feel overly criticized by your boss. By knowing your triggers, you can either avoid them or develop ways to deal with them. ____39____ Either enlist friends or family members to join you or ask for their support to remind you of your long-term goals. The key here is that no one is allowed to criticize you or cause you to feel guilt or shame. Instead they are to remind you to love yourself and help you get back on track when you slip up. A. Get some reliable partners. B. Who and what causes you to feel emotional? C. You should think twice to avoid possible mistakes. D. Change your mindset to being a victor of your life. E. It will help you follow your heart and improve your performance. F. In other words, it is a positive effort, not one of denial or negativity. G. When following this process, you will think twice before acting on a sudden urge. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much to developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and especially fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words. In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly. It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material. Most importantly, however, reading fiction helps us to develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps to build connections in the brain. In this respect, the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought. Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things. Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios(情节) and identify with the people we are reading about. When we mentally create the scenes, the look of the characters, the smells, and the sounds in the book, we are exercising our brain. The brain is challenged. This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated. The more it is used, the better it becomes. 40. How does reading help us improve vocabulary? ______________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? ______________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. ______________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what are mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) have you gained from reading fiction? ______________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。学校环保社团将举办“减塑行动，共护地球”活动，请你写信邀请你热衷环保的留学生朋友Jim来参加。 内容包括：1. 活动的安排； 2. 举办该活动的意义。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市燕山教育集团2025-2026学年高二上学期期末 英语试卷 2026年1月 本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡上交。 第一部分：知识运用（共二节，30分） 第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 My brother and I were driving home together and became absorbed in a talk. Because of this careless driving, my brother took a ____1____ turn. Unfortunately, the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll (过桥费) and drove on. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ____2____ waste of $4. We eventually reached an exit slip way and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car that stopped by the roadside. A young guy was standing nearby, looking anxious. I was busy trying to ____3____ which way we went next but my brother pulled over and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a(n) ____4____ tire (轮胎) and needed a wrench to get it off. My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the tire. The young man said that this had been a(n) ____5____ week for him: earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this tire was flat on his way home from work. He kept thanking us because he really would have been ____6____ if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give to us. “No,” I said. “We were never ____7____ to even get on that bridge. We took the turn. But now we know why we did. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to ____8____.” What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed! ) even in an ____9____ situation. It can only come from a calm mind and a(n) ____10____ heart. 1. A. wrong B. right C. weak D. fresh 2. A. priceless B. countless C. needless D. endless 3. A. debate on B. find out C. put forward D. deal with 4. A. spare B. missing C. flat D. unusual 5. A. exciting B. inspiring C. normal D. unlucky 6. A. stuck B. injured C. lost D. tricked 7. A. allowed B. supposed C. recommended D. demonstrated 8. A. learn B. trade C. help D. work 9. A. complex B. negative C. desperate D. dangerous 10. A. brave B. proud C. heavy D. open 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和哥哥因开车分神拐错弯多花过桥费，却意外帮助了爆胎的路人，从失误中收获善意的暖心故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为这次粗心的驾驶，我哥哥拐错了弯。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. weak虚弱的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据前文“Because of this careless driving”以及后文“the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly”可知，兄弟二人误上了桥，说明哥哥拐了错误的弯。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个失误以及没必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A. priceless无价的；B. countless数不清的；C. needless没必要的；D. endless无尽的。根据前文“Unfortunately, the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll (过桥费) and drove on.”可知，这笔过桥费是因拐错弯产生的、本不需要花的钱。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我正忙着想弄清楚我们接下来该走哪条路，而哥哥却把车停在路边，问那个小伙子是否需要帮助。A. debate on争论；B. find out弄清楚，查明；C. put forward提出；D. deal with处理。根据后文“which way we went next”可知，二人因拐错弯偏离路线，作者此时的关注点是确定后续的行驶方向。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的轮胎瘪了，需要一把扳手把它卸下来。A. spare备用的；B. missing失踪的；C. flat瘪的，没气的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“tire was flat”可知，小伙子需要换轮胎，说明他的轮胎没气了，flat tire为固定表达，意为“爆胎，瘪胎”。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人说这一周对他来说很倒霉：早些时候他出了一场小车祸，现在下班回家的路上轮胎又瘪了。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. normal正常的；D. unlucky不幸的，倒霉的。根据后文“earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this tire was flat on his way home from work”可知，他的一周过得很倒霉，unlucky贴合语境。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一直感谢我们，因为如果我们没来，他肯定会陷入困境。A. stuck被困住的，陷入困境的；B. injured受伤的；C. lost迷路的；D. tricked被欺骗的。根据前文“We eventually reached an exit slip way and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car that stopped by the roadside. A young guy was standing nearby, looking anxious.”可知，小伙子独自在路边爆胎，没有工具也无人帮忙，若无人相助就会一直被困在原地。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们本来就不该上那座桥的。A. allowed允许；B. supposed认为，理应；C. recommended推荐；D. demonstrated证明。根据前文“Unfortunately, the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly”可知，作者感慨拐错弯、本不必上桥。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢谢你把我们的失误变成了一个助人的机会。A. learn学习；B. trade交易；C. help帮助；D. work工作。根据前文“My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the tire.”可知，这次失误让他们有了帮助他人的机会。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在不利的情况下，他也能发现帮助别人的机会（这一点我完全没注意到！）。A. complex复杂的；B. negative不利的，消极的；C. desperate绝望的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文“Unfortunately, the turn took us towards a bridge mistakenly and we had no way to turn back. Reluctantly (不情愿地), my brother paid the bridge toll (过桥费) and drove on.”可知，对兄弟二人而言，拐错弯、花冤枉钱是一件不顺心、消极不利的事。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只能源于一颗冷静的头脑和一份豁达的心胸。A. brave勇敢的；B. proud骄傲的；C. heavy沉重的；D. open豁达的，包容的。根据前文“My brother gave him a wrench, then proceeded to help him change the tire.”可知，哥哥没有因拐错弯的糟心事烦躁，反而主动帮助他人，体现出他不因小事计较、心胸开阔。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Daniel Defoe was an English writer best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe, although he also ____11____(write) hundreds of other works. He published Robinson Crusoe in 1719 ____12____ the age of 59. Today, it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. Countless readers have been encouraged by Robinson Crusoe’s qualities, ____13____ go beyond his survival on a desert island. Such qualities can help us cope in a crisis, no matter what or where it is. 【答案】11. wrote 12. at 13. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国作家丹尼尔·笛福及其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》，还提到该作品中鲁滨逊的品质能帮助人们应对危机。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：丹尼尔·笛福是一位英国作家，以小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》最为出名，尽管他也写了数百部其他作品。write(写)是从句谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，这里描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填wrote。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：1719年，他59岁时，出版了《鲁滨逊漂流记》。“at the age of...”是固定短语，意为“在……岁时”。故填at。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：无数读者受到了鲁滨逊品质的鼓舞，这些品质超越了他在荒岛上的生存能力。“____3____ go beyond his survival on a desert island”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词qualities，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 It is true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t ____14____ (overlook). It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first ____15____ (impress) on others and boost your confidence. Being healthy is beautiful, and we should wear that beauty with confidence, ____16____ (know) that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier! 【答案】14. be overlooked 15. impression 16. knowing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了外在美的重要性，强调外在美与内在美同样重要，并鼓励人们以健康为美，自信地展现自己的美丽。 【14题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：的确，内在美很重要，但外在美也不应被忽视。主语external beauty与overlook之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词shouldn’t后接动词原形。故填be overlooked。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：它在我们向世界展示的形象中扮演着重要角色，注重外表可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，增强你的自信。根据空前的“a positive first”可知，此处应填名词单数作宾语，impress的名词形式是impression。故填impression。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：健康就是美丽，我们应该自信地展现这种美丽，要知道健康不仅让我们更美丽，也让我们更快乐！句子主干成份完整，空处为非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填knowing。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Cunningham always used simple, ____17____(relative) cheap cameras to take pictures. He liked to photograph ordinary people. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, different ____18____(scene) from everyday life. He would go out onto the streets every day, regardless of the weather. His hard work is reflected within his photos. This is ____19____ makes them so special. His approach to life was uncomplicated. He never accepted the benefits ____20____(offer) to him for being a fashion photographer. His passion for photography lasted throughout his life. 【答案】17. relatively 18. scenes 19. what 20. offered 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师Cunningham的摄影风格、创作灵感来源以及他对摄影的热爱。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：Cunningham总是用简单、相对便宜的相机拍照。空处修饰形容词cheap，应用副词relatively，表示“相对地”。故填relatively。 【18题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：他在别人找不到灵感的地方，从日常生活中简单而不同的场景中找到灵感。scene为可数名词，different后接名词复数，所以应用名词复数形式。故填scenes。 【19题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是使它们如此特别的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他从不接受作为时尚摄影师而提供给他的福利。句子已有谓语动词accepted，空处应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语benefits构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填offered。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Calling all future scientists and engineers! EUREKA! is hosting our annual science fair! Here’s your chance to apply your love of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) by creating and conducting your own scientific investigation (调查研究). Participation is free and open to all high school students! Students can either enter as an individual or as a team of no more than 3 members. Judging will be based on grade, so there will be separate prizes for different graders. If a team is composed of students from different grades, the project will be judged in the grade category of the oldest participant’s grade. Project Submission All of the following must be completed by Sunday, March 9, 2025: ·Complete the registration form (one per team) •Create an electronic display poster summarising their project and email it to the science fair committee. •Create a video presentation (less than 5 minutes) explaining their project to the judges, and email it to the science fair committee. Safety Rules It is important to wear proper protective gear (装备) when necessary in addition to disposing of (处理) waste properly when conducting a scientific investigation. We strongly recommend that guardians look up and study Safety Data Sheets for any chemicals that their students use and accept responsibility for not allowing their students to experiment with dangerous chemicals. Projects that include the dangerous components go against our safety rules, and will not be displayed or judged. Please contact EUREKA! directly to discuss if you are unsure about your project. 21. To enter the science fair, participants need to ________. A. form a 3-member team B. apply for STEM courses C. be high school students D. come from the same grade 22. What are participants required to do by the submission date? A. Submit their display poster. B. Fill in the registration form individually. C. Video the investigation process. D. Present their project to judges in person. 23. What will cause the project display to be cancelled? A. Getting rid of project waste improperly. B. Involving harmful chemicals in the project. C. Performing experiments without a guardian. D. Conducting investigations without protection. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是向读者传达关于EUREKA!年度科学博览会的相关信息，包括参与条件、报名方式、项目提交要求以及安全规则等。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Participation is free and open to all high school students! (本次活动面向所有高中生免费开放！)”可知，参加科学展的一个必要条件是参与者必须是高中生。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Project Submission”部分中的“All of the following must be completed by Sunday, March 9, 2025: Create an electronic display poster summarising their project and email it to the science fair committee. (所有项目必须在 2025 年 3 月 9 日（周日）前完成以下内容：制作一份电子展示海报，对项目进行总结，并发送至科学展委员会邮箱。)”可知，选项A“Submit their display poster. (提交他们的展示海报。)”是正确的，符合提交日期前需要完成的要求。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Safety Rules”部分中的“Projects that include the dangerous components go against our safety rules, and will not be displayed or judged. (含有危险成分的项目违反我们的安全规则，将不予展示和评审。)”以及前文强烈建议监护人查阅和研究学生使用的任何化学品的安全数据表，不允许学生使用危险化学品进行实验，这里的危险成分主要就是指有害化学物质，所以如果项目涉及有害化学物质会导致项目展示被取消。故选B。 B When I got my first research project to work, I was so excited. Seeing research in action was enjoyable. My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do; it’s one reason why I pursued science in the first place. I had hated writing since I was a little boy. But I couldn’t avoid it: writing classes were required in high school. For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my disorganised thoughts into fluent sentences. My teachers would return my papers littered with red, showing my paragraphs were out of order. I was frustrated to no end. How could I know what was good if there was no objectively right answer? Maybe I wasn’t cut out for writing. I studied engineering in college. A few years later, I joined a research lab. The professor assigned me an initial project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (电路感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. When I got the results, though, the numbers weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with a team of researchers. Finally, after dozens of designs, we had one that could work. I was overjoyed — until my professor told me to write that research paper. In panic, I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback, I soon found the paper full of red marks. Before I could quit in defeat, though, the graduate student explained red didn’t mean I was a bad writer. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing. It requires revising your work, often several times. Suddenly it occurred to me, “Hadn’t I done the same thing when I was designing my research project?” I kept improving my outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others. Finally, I made it, and surprisingly, I was having fun. From then on, writing became one of my favourite parts of research, and it still is today. It’s a future I never could have imagined during my early struggles with writing classes. But I came around. 24. How did the author feel when asked to write a research paper? A. Regretful. B. Ashamed. C. Disappointed. D. Unwilling. 25. The author’s teacher returned his papers littered with red because ________. A. he handed in blank pages B. his sentences were smooth C. his writing lacked organisation D. he combined science in his writing 26. Which word would best describe the author’s final research design? A. Hard-earned. B. Confusing. C. Well-known. D. Worrying. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good beginning is half done. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. A bad workman always blames his tools. D. Trial and error opens the door to progress. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从最初对写作感到困扰和厌恶，到在科研过程中不得不面对写作挑战，最终在求助和不断修改中逐渐发现写作的乐趣，并将其转变为科研中最喜欢的部分之一的个人经历。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My excitement, though, was soon cut short when my professor asked me to write a research paper on the project. My body tensed. Writing was the last thing I wanted to do; it’s one reason why I pursued science in the first place.(然而，我兴奋劲儿很快就烟消云散了，因为我的教授要求我就这个项目写一篇研究论文。我顿时紧张起来。写作是我最不想做的事，这也是我当初选择投身科学领域的原因之一)”可知，得知教授要求他针对该项目写一篇研究论文时，作者身体变得紧绷，并且表明写作是他最不想做的事。由此推知，作者对于写研究论文这件事是很不情愿的态度。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my disorganised thoughts into fluent sentences. My teachers would return my papers littered with red, showing my paragraphs were out of order.(好几个小时，我都盯着空白的纸张，试图把自己杂乱无章的想法转化成流畅的语句。老师们会把批改后满是红色标记的作文发还给我，指出我的段落条理不清)”可知，作者提到自己在高中时，花好几个小时盯着空白的纸张，努力将混乱的思绪转化为流畅的句子，并且老师会把满是红色标记的作文还给他，这些红色标记表明他的段落混乱无序。由此可知，老师在他的作文上做满红色标记是因为他的写作缺乏条理，也就是写作结构混乱。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A few years later, I joined a research lab. The professor assigned me an initial project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (电路感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. When I got the results, though, the numbers weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with a team of researchers. Finally, after dozens of designs, we had one that could work.(几年后，我加入了一个研究实验室。教授给我分配了一个初步项目，旨在提高电路感应器的效率。我花了好几周时间为一种新设计搭建测试环境。不过，当我拿到测试结果时，数据并不理想。我不断尝试新的设计，利用测试结果和一组研究人员一起集思广益。终于，在尝试了几十种设计之后，我们有了一种可行的方案)”可知，作者接到提高电路感应器效率的项目后，花了数周时间搭建新设计的测试环境，可最初得到的结果并不理想，之后他不断尝试新的设计，经过几十次的尝试后，才终于有了一个可行的方案。可以看出这个最终的研究设计是作者付出了大量的时间、精力，经过反复尝试、不断努力才得来的。由此推知，A“Hard-earned(来之不易的，辛苦获得的)”很好地体现了这个最终设计是经过作者艰辛努力才得到的这一特点。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A few years later, I joined a research lab. The professor assigned me an initial project to improve the efficiency of an inductor (电路感应器). I spent weeks setting up a test for a new design. When I got the results, though, the numbers weren’t good. I kept trying new designs, using the results to brainstorm ideas with a team of researchers. Finally, after dozens of designs, we had one that could work.(几年后，我加入了一个研究实验室。教授给我分配了一个初步项目，旨在提高电路感应器的效率。我花了好几周时间为一种新设计搭建测试环境。不过，当我拿到测试结果时，数据并不理想。我不断尝试新的设计，利用测试结果和一组研究人员一起集思广益。终于，在尝试了几十种设计之后，我们有了一种可行的方案)”以及文章第四段“I kept improving my outline, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by feedback from others. Finally, I made it, and surprisingly, I was having fun.(我不断完善我的大纲，最终在他人反馈意见的指导下，把大纲变成了一个个句子和段落。最后，我成功了，而且令人惊讶的是，我还从中体会到了乐趣)”可知，文章主要描述了作者在研究项目中的经历。作者接到提高电路感应器效率的任务后，一开始设计的测试结果不理想。但是他没有放弃，而是不断尝试新的设计，经过几十次的尝试，利用测试结果和同事一起讨论，最终得到了可行的设计。在写研究论文时，他也是在不断修改完善的过程中取得了成功。这整个过程体现了“Trial and error(反复试验)”的理念。作者通过不断地尝试新设计，从失败的结果中学习，从而打开了通往成功的大门。故选D。 C Many children’s hospitals already have storytelling programmes that aim to cheer up patients. But new research suggests that storytelling also has physiological benefits. “Until now, the positive evidence for storytelling was based on ‘common sense’ that interacting with the child may distract, entertain and reduce psychological suffering,” said Dr Jorge Moll, of D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Brazil. “But there was a lack of a solid scientific basis.” “During storytelling, something happens that we call ‘narrative transportation’. The child, through fantasy, can experience sensations and thoughts that transport him or her to another world, a place that is different from the hospital room, and is, therefore, far from the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization,” says Guilherme Brockington. The team, based at IDOR and the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, studied 81 children between the ages of two and seven, all of whom were in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a hospital in São Paulo. A group of 41 children each had a session with a storyteller, lasting 25 to 30 minutes. A control group of 40 children each had the same amount of time with the same professionals, but they told riddles instead. Before and after the sessions, the team took saliva samples from each child and assessed their pain level. The saliva samples allowed the researchers to measure levels of the hormone cortisol, which is related to stress, and the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in empathy. Both groups of children benefited from the sessions: they all had less cortisol and more oxytocin in their saliva, suggesting they were less stressed, and they reported less pain and discomfort. However, the results were twice as strong for the storytelling group as the control group. At the end of the sessions, the children also took part in a word-association exercise including words like ‘hospital’, ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’. The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”. “I consider this study to be one of the most important I have participated in, due to its potential direct impact on practices in the hospital environment, aiming at the relief of human suffering. We intend to support volunteering devoted to the noble activity of storytelling, now with more solid scientific evidence,” said Moll. 28. According to the passage, “narrative transportation” indicates children _______. A. feel that they are placed into the world of a story B. fire up their imagination and expand their horizons C. have more empathy with the characters in the stories D. experience the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization 29. In Para.3, the author mainly tells the readers about _______. A. the application of the research B. the purpose of the research C. the limitation of the research D. the process of the research 30. How does the author present the findings of the research? A. By making comparisons. B. By giving definitions. C. By presenting examples. D. By analyzing cause and effect. 31. Which of the following may be the response from the storytelling group? A. A hospital is the place where I go when I’m very sick. B. A hospital is the place where I get an injection in my arm. C. A hospital is the place where I am taken care of to feel better. D. A hospital is the place where I’ll have to take some medicine. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了许多儿童医院已经有了讲故事的节目，旨在让病人开心起来。但新的研究表明，讲故事也有生理上的好处。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“During storytelling,something happens that we call 'narrative transportation'.The child, through fantasy,can experience sensations and thoughts that transport him or her to another world, a place that is different from the hospital room,and is, therefore,far from the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization.(在讲故事的过程中,发生了一些我们称之为“叙事运输”的事情。通过幻想,孩子可以体验将他或她带到另一个世界的感觉和想法,一个不同于病房的地方,因此远离不愉快的住院条件。)”可知, “narrative transportation”指的是孩子在听故事的过程中, 远离了不愉快的住院经历,进入到故事的世界,故选A。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The team, based at IDOR and the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, studied 81 children between the ages of two and seven, all of whom were in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a hospital in São Paulo. A group of 41 children each had a session with a storyteller, lasting 25 to 30 minutes. A control group of 40 children each had the same amount of time with the same professionals, but they told riddles instead. Before and after the sessions, the team took saliva samples from each child and assessed their pain level. The saliva samples allowed the researchers to measure levels of the hormone cortisol, which is related to stress, and the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in empathy.(该研究小组位于巴西IDOR和巴西ABC联邦大学，研究了81名年龄在2到7岁之间的儿童，他们都在São Paulo的一家医院的重症监护病房。一组有41名儿童，每个人都有一个讲故事的人，持续25到30分钟。对照组的40个孩子和同样的专业人士在一起的时间是一样的，但他们说的是谜语。 在测试前后，研究小组从每个孩子身上提取了唾液样本，并评估了他们的疼痛程度。唾液样本使研究人员能够测量与压力有关的皮质醇激素和催产素激素的水平，催产素在移情作用中发挥作用)”可知，第三段主要说明了研究的过程。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, the results were twice as strong for the storytelling group as the control group. At the end of the sessions, the children also took part in a word-association exercise including words like ‘hospital’, ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’. The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”.(然而，讲故事组的结果是对照组的两倍。在课程结束时，孩子们还参加了单词联想练习，包括“医院”、“护士”和“医生”等单词。研究小组表示，对照组的孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，作者通过比较展示研究结果。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”.(研究小组表示，对照组的孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，“医院是我被照顾的地方，让我感觉更好”可能是来自讲故事小组的反应。故选C。 D Removing gender bias (性别偏见) Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. But this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. For example, car seat belts, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见，成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the reasons for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run companies receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and, engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias — designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fit-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women — including seat belts — because they are not designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70 — 80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 32. Why are car seat belts often designed with a bias towards men? A. Because men tend to sit farther back in cars compared to women. B. Because car seat belts have not undergone significant changes since their invention. C. Because tech companies are incorporating biases into their new car seat belt designs. D. Because tailors have a deeper understanding of body shapes than car seat belt designers. 33. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. What tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Why gender bias takes root in product design. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 34. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Negative. D. Positive. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了产品设计中存在的性别偏见问题，分析了偏见产生的原因，强调了解决该问题在道德、安全及商业方面的必要性，并对无偏见产品设计的未来持乐观态度。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For example, car seat belts, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving.(例如，可追溯到19世纪80年代的汽车安全带，往往仍然更适合男性，因为男性开车时往往比女性坐得更靠后)”可知，汽车安全带设计常偏向男性是因为男性开车时比女性坐得更靠后。故选A项。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“An obvious part of the reasons for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run companies receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. (设计问题产生的一个显著原因是，男性掌控着大多数这类公司——由男性运营的公司获得了82%的风险投资资金。男性老板可能意识不到女性所面临的问题)”；根据第三段“Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias — designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. (接下来是测试环节。自然地，设计师会在目标客户群体中测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈。此外，还存在确认偏差的风险——设计师可能只听取他们想听的内容，而忽视部分用户群体的负面反馈)”可知，第二段主要讲述产品设计存在性别偏见的原因，如男性主导大多数公司，对女性面临的问题缺乏认知，团队决策依赖的数据存在问题等。第三段指出测试环节也存在问题，如测试群体不够广泛，设计师可能存在确认偏差等。所以这两段主要讨论了性别偏见在产品设计中扎根的原因。故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? (改变正在发生。最初的语音识别系统很难识别女性声音，但现在大多数都能很好地做到这一点。专注于女性健康和福祉的“女性科技”初创公司，到今年年底可能会筹集10亿美元。风险投资基金和科技公司正在雇佣更多女性。确保产品为每个人设计会让客户更开心、更安全。对于那些做对的公司来说，这意味着更高的利润)”可知，作者列举了一些积极的变化，如语音识别系统改进、女性科技公司发展、公司雇佣更多女性等，所以作者对无偏见产品设计的未来持积极态度。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题 2 分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Boost Your Self-Control Contrary to popular belief self-control does not come along by denying yourself something or being “strict” with yourself. It is about loving yourself and developing new habits. ____35____This is how you get there: Set clear goals so when it comes down to it, you can think first, act later. When you have knowledge that a greater reward is at stake (得失难料), you are going to have an easier time letting go of immediate satisfaction. Prioritize your list according to what you want to achieve in the future. ____36____ Motivate yourself to win and remember that life doesn’t happen to you, it happens for you. Anxiety arises from the belief that you are not in control of your life circumstances but are a victim of them. ____37____ That will set the stage for you to regain your power and access your inner motivation to win and achieve. Know your triggers (诱因) and control the stress response. Certain situations, people or even foods will cause your stress response to be triggered. Your job is to pay attention. ____38____It could be sleep deprivation, or it could be a tendency to feel overly criticized by your boss. By knowing your triggers, you can either avoid them or develop ways to deal with them. ____39____ Either enlist friends or family members to join you or ask for their support to remind you of your long-term goals. The key here is that no one is allowed to criticize you or cause you to feel guilt or shame. Instead, they are to remind you to love yourself and help you get back on track when you slip up. A. Get some reliable partners. B. Who and what causes you to feel emotional? C You should think twice to avoid possible mistakes. D. Change your mindset to being a victor of your life. E. It will help you follow your heart and improve your performance. F. In other words, it is a positive effort, not one of denial or negativity. G. When following this process, you will think twice before acting on a sudden urge. 【答案】35 F 36. G 37. D 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是自我控制并非通过自我压抑或严格自律来实现，并提供了几种具体的方法，包括设定清晰的目标、调整心态、识别压力诱因以及寻求可靠的支持伙伴，以帮助人们更好地管理冲动，实现长期目标。 【35题详解】 前文“Contrary to popular belief, self-control does not come along by denying yourself something or being “strict” with yourself. It is about loving yourself and developing new habits. (与普遍观点相反，自我控制并不是通过自我压抑或对自己“严格”来实现的。它关乎爱自己和培养新习惯。)”说明了哪种情况不是自我控制，自我控制与什么有关。这表明，接下来的一句，即空格处，应写明自我控制的本质，以引出全文的主题。F项“换句话说，这是一种积极的努力，而不是一种否定或消极的行为。”直接点明什么是自我控制，引出文章主题，下文都围绕如何进行自我控制展开，符合语境。故选F项。 【36题详解】 本段第一句“Set clear goals so when it comes down to it, you can think first, act later. (设定清晰的目标，这样当你面临选择时，就能先思考、再行动。)”表明，本段写根据目标先思考、后行动有助于进行自我控制，G项“遵循这一过程，你会在冲动之前三思而后行。”中所说的“这一过程”即为前文提到的“设定清晰的目标，先思考、再行动”。同时空处位于本段最后，G项正是对本段的总结，遵循这一过程，可以避免冲动。故选G项。 【37题详解】 前文“Anxiety arises from the belief that you are not in control of your life circumstances but are a victim of them. (焦虑源于你认为自己无法掌控生活中的境遇，而是成为它们的受害者。)”指出焦虑的根源，后文“That will set the stage for you to regain your power and access your inner motivation to win and achieve. (这种认知会为你重获力量并激发你内心追求胜利和成就的动力奠定基础。)”指出按本空处所说的内容做会带来什么好处，这表明本空处应是一句告诉人们如何摆脱受害者心态的具体做法。D项“改变你的思维模式，成为自己生活的胜利者。”能够衔接前后文，且其中的victor一词与前文中的victim一词形成呼应。故选D项。 【38题详解】 前文“Your job is to pay attention. (你要做的就是引起注意。)”及后文“It could be sleep deprivation, or it could be a tendency to feel overly criticized by your boss. (它可能是睡眠不足，或你觉得被老板过度批评。)”说明，空处需要一句话既能表明需要引起注意的具体内容是什么，也就是使人们不能很好地进行自我控制的因素是什么，又能概括“睡眠不足”、“觉得被老板过度批评”这两个例子的共同特点。B项“是谁、或是什么让你感觉情绪化？”满足这一要求，能承上启下。故选B项。 【39题详解】 后文“Either enlist friends or family members to join you or ask for their support to remind you of your long-term goals. (你可以邀请朋友或家人加入你，或者请求他们的支持，让他们提醒你长期目标。)”提到周围的人这个因素在自我控制中的重要作用。A项“找一些可靠的伙伴。”直接点明人这个因素，起到引领全段的作用。故选A项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Nowadays, a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games. Certainly, these things are entertaining, but they don’t contribute much to developing their brains. Many believe that reading books, and especially fiction, is a much more effective way of achieving this. The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words. In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly. It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material. Most importantly, however, reading fiction helps us to develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, learning expert Dr. Brian E. Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps to build connections in the brain. In this respect, the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought. Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things. Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios(情节) and identify with the people we are reading about. When we mentally create the scenes, the look of the characters, the smells, and the sounds in the book, we are exercising our brain. The brain is challenged. This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated. The more it is used, the better it becomes. 40. How does reading help us improve vocabulary? ______________________________________________________________________ 41. What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? ______________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. ______________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from what are mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) have you gained from reading fiction? ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. By understanding these words through context and making us more confident with complex words. 41. The problems for people who seldom read are having low opinions of themselves and influencing their performance in other subjects. 42. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more unpredictable things in our daily life. 43. Reading can also relax the mood because reading novels can help us temporarily forget the pressure and bring a sense of pleasure. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是阅读的一些好处。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. Gradually, we become more confident with complex words.(我们在阅读中遇到生词，并试着通过语境来理解这些单词。渐渐地，我们对复杂的单词更有信心了。)”可知，在阅读时遇到生词，可以通过语境来理解他们，并且逐渐他对复杂单词更有信心，所以通过语境理解单词来帮助我们对生词更有信心，进而提高我们的词汇量。故答案为By understanding these words through context and making us more confident with complex words. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves. Besides, they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material.(不阅读或阅读能力差的人往往对自己的评价很低。此外，他们可能在其他科目上表现不佳，因为他们不能阅读和理解材料。)”可知，阅读少的人对自己评价很低，而且会在其他科目上表现不佳，由此可知，很少阅读的人对自己评价很低且影响其他科目上的表现。故答案为The problems for people who seldom read are having low opinions of themselves and influencing their performance in other subjects. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things. This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction, which generally contains lots of unpredictable things.(最近的研究表明，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈。这也许可以解释为什么人们喜欢读小说，因为小说通常包含许多不可预测的事情。)”可知，研究发现，大脑对不可预测的事物比可预测的事物反应更强烈，由此可知，人们喜欢阅读的原因是小说中含有很多不可预测的事情，所以题干中的predictable错误，应为 unpredictable。故答案为Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more unpredictable things in our daily life. 【43题详解】 开放性题目。除了文中介绍的阅读的好处外，阅读还可以放松心情因为阅读小说是一种良好的休闲活动,可以帮助我们暂时忘记压力和忙碌，带来愉悦感。故答案为Reading can also relax the mood because reading novels can help us temporarily forget the pressure and bring a sense of pleasure. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。学校环保社团将举办“减塑行动，共护地球”活动，请你写信邀请你热衷环保的留学生朋友Jim来参加。 内容包括：1. 活动的安排； 2. 举办该活动的意义。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文 Dear Jim, How’s it going? I’m writing to invite you to join our school environmental club’s activity named “Reduce Plastic, Protect the Earth” on April 22, Earth Day. The activity will start at 9 a.m. on the school playground. First, an environmental expert will give a 40-minute talk, explaining how plastic waste harms ecosystems and sharing practical tips like using reusable bags and bottles. Then, we’ll have a “plastic recycling DIY” session, where we can turn waste plastic bottles into pen holders or flower pots. In the afternoon, we’ll go around the neighborhood to promote low-plastic lifestyles to residents. This activity not only raises awareness of plastic pollution but also encourages us to take concrete actions. As a green activist, you’ll surely love it. Looking forward to your reply! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给热衷环保的留学生朋友Jim写一封邀请信，邀请他参加学校环保社团举办的“减塑行动，共护地球”活动。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 解释：explain → interpret 实用的：practical → useful 促进：promote → advocate 意识：awareness → consciousness 2. 句式拓展 同义句 原句：First, an environmental expert will give a 40-minute talk, explaining how plastic waste harms ecosystems and sharing practical tips. 拓展句：First, an environmental expert will give a 40-minute talk, which explains how plastic waste harms ecosystems and shares practical tips like using reusable bags. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, an environmental expert will give a 40-minute talk, explaining how plastic waste harms ecosystems and sharing practical tips.（运用了现在分词explaining和sharing作伴随状语，how引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, we’ll have a “plastic recycling DIY” session, where we can turn waste plastic bottles into pen holders or flower pots.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $