内容正文:
Module 4
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
高频易错点03 特殊疑问词的用法及回答
高频易错点01 现在进行时
高频易错点02 寻求帮助的句型
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
现在进行时 高频易错点01
一、概念
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作
二、时间标志词
1.有Listen!/ Look!等置于句首
Look! The boys are playing football.
2.now/at this moment
I’m reading now.
3.in this photo/ Look at this photo(跟描述照片/视频有关的句子)
3.根据上下文语境,暗示动作正在发生时使用现在进行时。
Be quiet! / Don't shout! The baby is sleeping.
三、句型结构
1. 肯定句:主语 + be(am/is/are) +V.现在分词+... . He is playing football.
2. 否定句:主语 +be(am/is/are) not +V.现在分词+... . He isn’t playing football.
3. 一般疑问句:Be+主语 +V.现在分词+...? Is he playing football?
回答: Yes,主语+be No, 主语+am not/ isn’t/aren’t.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
What is your father doing?
四、动词现在分词的变化规则
1.直接加-ing,如: read→reading, play→playing, sing→singing, draw→drawing
2.去e加-ing, 以不发音 e结尾的动词,如 write→writing, make→making, dance→dancing
3.双写尾字母加-ing, 重读闭音节(辅+元+辅)结尾,如 run→running, swim→swimming,
skip→skipping
易错点提示
1.漏加 be 动词,直接写:I reading.(错误)→ I'm reading.(正确)
2.be 动词与主语搭配错误,如:He are running.(错误)→ He is running.(正确)
Be动词用法:我用am,你用are,is连着他她它,单数用is,复数用are
3.动词 - ing 变形错误,如:write→writeing(错误)→ writing(正确)
容易写错的ing总结:sleep/jump不双写加ing
需要双写的:run/skip/swim/shop/stop/drop/get/put/cut/sit
小练笔
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The kites __________(be) flying.
2. They_____________(have) a birthday party now.
3. This is Li Ming. He's __________(sit) down.
4. Look at this picture. He ______________(fly) a kite.
5. He is trying _____________(get) on the bus.
点拨
答案及解析
1.答案: are
解析:主语 "The kites"(风筝)是复数名词。现在进行时的结构是 "be + 动词ing"。根据主谓一致原则,复数主语要用 "are"。
2. 答案: are having
解析:句末的 "now"(现在)是现在进行时的标志性词语。主语 "They" 是复数,所以 be
动词用 "are",动词 "have" 变为现在分词 "having"。
3. 答案: sitting
解析:句中的 "He's" 是 "He is" 的缩写。"is" 后面需要接动词的现在分词形式(-ing)
来构成现在进行时。动词 "sit" 变为现在分词时,双写末尾的 t 加 ing,即 "sitting"。
4. 答案: is flying
解析:句首的 "Look"(看)通常用来提示动作正在进行。主语是 "He"(他),属于第
三人称单数,因此 be 动词要用 "is",动词 "fly" 变为现在分词 "flying"。
5. 答案: to get
解析:这里考察的是固定搭配 "try to do sth."(试图/努力做某事)。因此,需要用动词不
定式形式 "to get"。注意区分 "try doing sth."(试着做某事),虽然语法上有时都通,但在表
示“努力、试图”达成某个较难的目标时,用 "try to do" 是最标准的用法。
寻求帮助的句型高频易错点02
一、请求帮助句型
Can you help me? 你能帮我吗?
Can you ... for me? 你能为我做…… 吗?
例:Can you carry this bag for me? 你能帮我拎这个包吗?
Could you help me? 你能帮我吗?(更委婉,礼貌性更强)
Could you ...? 你能…… 吗?
例:Could you open the door? 你能开一下门吗?
Who can help me?谁可以帮助我?
二、回应求助
肯定回应:
Of course. 当然可以。 Sure. 没问题。 Yes, I can. 好的,我可以。 No problem. 没事儿。
否定回应:
Sorry, I can't. 对不起,我不能。 Sorry, I'm on the phone now. 对不起,我正在打电话。
易错点提示
①与Can I help you?(我能帮助你吗?)句型进行区分,此句型多用于购物、点餐等场景,常用
“I want...”回答。
②否定回答不能直接用“No...”,为了表示礼貌,一般会用“Sorry...”
③“Who can help me?”是特殊疑问句,不能用“Yes/No”回答。
小练笔
选择恰当的句子,补全对话。(有一项多余)
Amy: It is sunny today. I want to fly a kite in the park.
But I can't find my cap.1. _________A. Sorry,I can't.
B. What are you doing?
C. Can you help me, Bob?
D. Who can help me?
E. I'm cleaning the room.
F. Thank you.
Bob: Sorry,I can't.2. _________
Amy: Can you help me, Linda?
Linda:3. _______I'm reading newspapers.
Amy:4. __________
Danny:I can help you. Look, Amy! It's in the bag.
Amy:5. _________
Danny: You' re welcome.
点拨
答案:C
解析:Amy说找不到帽子,后面Bob回答“Sorry, I can't.”,说明Amy是向Bob求助,询问Bob是否能帮助自己,选项C“Can you help me, Bob?”符合语境。
答案:E
解析:Bob拒绝帮助Amy后,应该会说明自己在做什么,选项E“I'm cleaning the room.”解释了自己不能帮忙的原因,符合逻辑。
答案:A
解析:Amy向Linda求助,Linda后面说“I'm reading newspapers.”,说明Linda也不能帮忙,选项A“Sorry, I can't.”符合Linda拒绝帮忙的语境。
答案:D
解析:Bob和Linda都不能帮忙,Amy接下来会询问还有谁能帮忙,选项D“Who can help me?”符合此时Amy寻求帮助的心理和语境。
答案:F
解析:Danny帮助Amy找到了帽子,Amy应该向Danny表示感谢,选项F“Thank you.”符合礼貌用语的规范,且下一句Danny回答“You're welcome.”(不客气)也印证了这一点。
特殊疑问词的用法及回答高频易错点03
特殊疑问句基本结构:疑问词 + 一般疑问句(be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语)
常见的特殊疑问词及回答
一、问方式 / 方法 / 程度 → how 怎么;如何;多么
问方式:—How did you go to Beijing? —By train.
问方式(疑问词 + to do):—How to make a cake? —First, mix the flour and eggs.
问程度:—How tall is he? —He's 1.6 metres.
二、问地点 / 方位 → where 哪里;在哪里
—Where did you go last weekend? —I went to the park.
—Where is my pen? —It's in the pencil-box.
三、问时间 → when 什么时候;what time 几点
when:询问笼统时间(年 / 月 / 日 / 上午 / 下午 / 周末等),
what time:仅询问具体时间点(几点几分)
—When will you go to Shanghai? —Tomorrow.
—What time do you get up? —At seven o'clock.
四、问原因 → why 为什么
—Why are you wearing a dress? —Because I am going to the theatre.
—Why can't you help me? —Because I'm busy.
五、问事物 / 内容 / 职业 → what 什么
—What did you do yesterday? —I read a book.
—What is your father?/What does your father do? —He's a teacher.
六、问人 → who 谁;whose 谁的
—Who went to the zoo? —Amy.
—Whose bag is this? —It's Lingling's.
七、问选择 → which 哪一个 / 哪一些
—Which book did you read? —The red one.
八、问数量 → how many 多少;how much 多少 / 多少钱
—How many apples did you buy? —Five.
—How much milk is there? —A little.
—How much is the pen? —Ten yuan.
易错点提示
①how many/how much:切记名词单复数搭配,how much 单独用表 “价格”
②whose/who's:whose 表 “谁的”,who's=who is(谁是),避免混淆
③一般过去时的特殊疑问句:助动词用did,后面的动词必须变回原形
小练笔
用适当的特殊疑问词填空
1.__________ did you go last Sunday? I went to the supermarket.
2.__________ will you go to Beijing? Next month.
3.__________ can't you finish your homework? Because I'm too tired.
4.__________ did you do yesterday evening? I watched TV.
5.__________ helped you clean the room? My sister.
点拨
1.Where(答语是地点,用 where 问位置 / 去向)
2.When(答语是将来时间,用 when 问笼统时间)
3.Why(答语用 Because,用 why 问原因)
4.What(答语是做的事情,用 what 问动作)
5.Who(答语是人,用 who 问人物)
综合训练
一、单项选择
( )1.Look! The children ______ in the playground.
A.play B. plays C. are playing
( )2.—______ can I get to the library? —Turn left at the next corner.
A.What B. Where C. How
( )3.—Could you pass the ruler for me? —______
A. No, I can’t. B. Sorry, I’m busy. C Yes, I do
( )4.My mother ______ dinner now. She always cooks delicious food.
A. makes B. is making C. made
( )5.—______ bag is this? —It’s Lily’s. She put her name on it.
A. Who B. Whose C. Who’s
( )6.—Can you help me clean the blackboard? —______
A. Of course. B. Because I’m tired. C. No, I don’t.
( )7.—______ did you visit your grandparents? —Last Saturday.
A. What time B. When C. Where
( )8.Listen! Someone ______ songs in the next room.
A. sing B. sings C. is singing
( )9.—Why ______ you late for school today? —Because my bike broke down.
A. are B. were C. do
( )10.—______ apples do you need? —Five. They are for the picnic.
A. How much B. How many C. What
( )11.—Whom did you________ to park with yesterday? —My best friend Tom.
A. go B. went C. is going
( )12.Be quiet! The baby ______. Don’t wake him up.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping
( )13.—______ is the red sweater? —It’s 80 yuan.
A. How many B. How much C. What
( )14.—Can you ______ me carry this heavy box? —Sure, no problem.
A. help B. helps C. helping
( )15.—______ are you looking for? —My English book. I lost it this morning.
A. Who B. What C. Where
二、用所给词的适当形式填空或填入适当的特殊疑问词
1.—______ (be) your brother _____________ (watch) TV now? —Yes, he is.
2.—______ did you buy so many flowers? —Because today is my mother’s birthday.
3.The students ______________ (not run) on the corridor. They are walking slowly.
4.—______ ______ milk is there in the bottle? —Only a little.
5.Look at the photo! We _____________ (visit) the Great Wall at that time.
6.—______ ______ did you finish your homework? —At 7:30 p.m.
7.My sister _________ (try) to make a model plane. She needs some glue.
8.—______ ______ pencils do you have? —Twelve.
9.—Can you ______ (open) the window for me? It’s too hot here. —Of course.
10.—______ is your favorite subject? —Math. I think it’s interesting.
三、句型转换
1.They are having a picnic in the park.(改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________________
2.I went to the bookstore yesterday.(对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________________________________
3.She can help me with my Chinese.(改为一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________________________
4.The girl is singing an English song.(对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________________________________
5.He is late because he missed the bus.(对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________________________________
四、根据提示补全短文。
It's eight o'clock in the evening. Jack and his family 1. ________(be) at home. Mr Green is
2.________(sit) on a sofa. He's reading a newspaper. He 3. _(not like) watching TV.
Mrs Green is standing near the window. She's giving some food 4. ________(介词)a bird.
5. ______(疑问词)is Jack? He's doing his homework in the study. They are all very busy.
五、阅读对话,选择正确的答案。
Lingling: I am looking for you outside, but you are in the living room.
Amy: What's the matter, Lingling?
Lingling: I will go to the museum this Sunday. Do you want to go with me?
Amy: Great idea! OK, I will go with you!
Lingling: What are you watching now?
Amy: I am watching the video(录像)of my birthday party! Come and watch it with me!
Lingling: Who is that little girl? She is dancing.
Amy: She is my sister Nancy. She is very cool!
Lingling: Is that you? Are you playing the guitar(吉他)?
Amy: Yes. It's me. I was five then. My hair was short and I was a little fat!
( )1. Where is Amy?
A. Outside the house. B. In the living room. C. In the bedroom.
( )2. Where does Lingling want to go this Sunday?
A. To the library. B. To the living room. C. To the museum.
( )3. What is Amy doing?
A. She is watching TV. B. She is watching photos. C. She is watching the video.
( )4. Who is the dancing girl?
A. Amy. B. Amy's friend. C. Amy's sister.
( )5. Can Amy play the guitar?
A.Yes, she can. B. No, she can't. C. We don't know.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1.答案:C
解析:考点为现在进行时。关键词 “Look!” 提示动作正在发生,现在进行时的结构为 “be +
动词 - ing”,主语 The children 是复数形式,对应的 be 动词用 are,因此选 C。
2.答案:C
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “Turn left at the next corner” 是在告知指路方式,针对
“方式 / 如何做” 进行提问需用 How。
3.答案:B
解析:考点为寻求帮助句型的回应方式。问句 “Could you pass the ruler for me?” 是委婉的请求,拒绝此类请求时需礼貌说明原因。A 选项直接拒绝,语气生硬不礼貌;C 选项中助动词 do 与问句
中的 could 不搭配,回应逻辑错误;D 选项是感谢用语,与问句的请求语境不符,因此选 B。
4.答案:B
解析:考点为现在进行时。关键词 “now” 明确提示动作正在发生,现在进行时结构为 “be +
动词 - ing”,主语 My mother 是单数,be 动词用 is,故选 B。
5.答案:B
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的辨析。答句 “It’s Lily’s” 表示 “某物属于莉莉”,针对 “所属关
系”,提问需用 Whose。
6.答案:A
解析:考点为寻求帮助句型的肯定回应。问句 “Can you help me clean the blackboard?” 是明确
的请求帮助,Of course 是常用的肯定回应,语气礼貌且符合语境,故选 A。
7.答案:B
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “Last Saturday” 是明确的过去时间点,针对 “时间”
提问可用 When(可接过去、现在或将来的时间点)。
8.答案:C
解析:考点为现在进行时。关键词 “Listen!” 提示动作正在发生,现在进行时结构为 “be +
动词 - ing”,主语 Someone 是单数概念,be 动词用 is,故选 C。
9.答案:A
解析:考点为 be 动词的用法。问句中 “late” 是形容词,需与 be 动词构成系表结构,
“today”提示描述当前的状态,主语 you 对应的 be 动词是 are,故选 A。
10.答案:B
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的区分。答句 “Five” 表示可数名词的数量,apples 是可数名词复数
形式,针对 “可数名词复数的数量” 提问需用 How many。
11.答案:A
解析:考点为一般过去时的一般疑问句。关键词 “did”后加动词原形,故选 。
12.答案:C
解析:考点为现在进行时。关键词 “Be quiet!”“Don’t wake him up” 暗示动作正在发生
(宝宝正在睡觉),现在进行时结构为 “be + 动词 - ing”,主语 The baby 是单数,be 动词
用 is,故选 C。
13.答案:B
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “80 yuan” 表示物品的价格,针对 “价格” 提问
需用 How much。
14.答案:A
解析:考点为寻求帮助句型中情态动词的用法。情态动词 Can 后必须接动词原形。
15.答案:B
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “My English book” 是明确的事物,针对 “事物”
提问需用 What。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空或填入适当的特殊疑问词
1.答案:Is; watching
解析:考点为现在进行时的一般疑问句。关键词 “now” 提示句子需用现在进行时,其一般
疑问句结构为 “Be + 主语 + 动词 - ing”。主语 your brother 是单数,对应的 be 动词用 Is;
watch 的 - ing 形式为 watching(直接加 - ing),因此填 Is 和 watching。
2.答案:Why
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “Because today is my mother’s birthday” 明确表示
原因,针对 “原因” 提问需用 Why,因此填 Why。
3.答案:aren’t running
解析:考点为现在进行时的否定句。后句 “They are walking slowly” 提示前句动作 “跑步”
正在进行,现在进行时的否定形式为 “be+not + 动词 - ing”。主语 The students 是复数,be
动词用 are,其否定形式为 aren’t;run 的 - ing 形式为 running(双写末尾辅音字母加 - ing),
因此填 aren’t running。
4.答案:How much
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的区分。milk 是不可数名词,答句 “Only a little” 表示不可数名词
的 “少量”,针对 “不可数名词的数量” 提问需用 How much,因此填 How much。
5.答案:are visiting
解析:考点为现在进行时。关键词 “Look at the photo!”“at that time”(指拍照的瞬间)提示
动作正在发生,现在进行时结构为 “be + 动词 - ing”。主语 We 是复数,be 动词用 are;
visit 的 - ing 形式为 watching(直接加 - ing),因此填 are visiting。
6.答案:What time
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “At 7:30 p.m.” 是具体的时刻,针对 “具体时刻”
提问需用 What time(也可等同于 When,但更侧重精确时刻),因此填 What time。
7.答案:is trying
解析:考点为现在进行时。后句 “She needs some glue” 提示前句动作 “尝试做模型飞机”
正在进行,现在进行时结构为 “be + 动词 - ing”。主语 My sister 是单数,be 动词用 is;
try 的 - ing 形式为 trying,因此填 is trying。
8.答案:How many
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的区分。pencils 是可数名词复数形式,答句 “Twelve” 表示可数名
词的数量,针对 “可数名词复数的数量” 提问需用 How many,因此填 How many。
9.答案:open
解析:考点为寻求帮助句型中情态动词的用法。情态动词 Can 后接动词原形,open 的原形即
为 open,因此填 open。
10.答案:What
解析:考点为特殊疑问词的用法。答句 “Math” 是具体的学科(事物),针对 “事物”
提问需用 What,因此填 What。
三、句型转换
1.答案:They aren’t having a picnic in the park.
解析:考点为现在进行时的否定句转换。转换规则:在现在进行时的 be 动词后直接加 not,
are not 可缩写为 aren’t,其余句子成分保持不变,因此改写为 They aren’t having a picnic
in the park.
2.答案:Where did you go yesterday?
解析:考点为对地点的特殊疑问句转换。转换步骤:① 划线部分 the bookstore 是地点,需用
特殊疑问词 Where 引导;② 原句是一般过去时(谓语动词为 went),需借助助动词 did;
③ 实义动词 went 需变回原形 go;④ 其余部分调整为一般疑问句语序did you go yesterday,
最终组合为 Where did you go yesterday?
3.答案:Can she help you with your Chinese?
解析:考点为情态动词 Can 的一般疑问句转换。转换规则:将情态动词 Can 提到句首,
第一人称 I 改为第二人称 you,其余句子成分保持不变,因此改写为 Can she help you
with your Chinese?
4.答案:What is the girl doing?
解析:考点为对现在进行时动作的特殊疑问句转换。转换步骤:① 划线部分 singing an English
song 是正在进行的动作,需用特殊疑问词 What 引导;② 原句是现在进行时(is singing),
将 be 动词 is 提到主语 the girl 前;③ 原动作部分用 doing 代替,最终组合为 What is the
girl doing?
5.答案:Why is he late?
解析:考点为对原因的特殊疑问句转换。转换步骤:① 划线部分 because he missed the bus 是
原因,需用特殊疑问词 Why 引导;② 原句是系表结构(is late),将 be 动词 is 提到主语
he 前;③ 其余句子成分保持不变,最终组合为 Why is he late?
四、根据提示补全短文。
are sitting doesn't like to Where
1.are 解析: 主语是 "Jack and his family"(杰克和他的家人),这是复数概念。在一般现在时中,be动词的复数形式是 "are"。
2.sitting 解析: 句子结构是 "is + 动词-ing",这是现在进行时的结构,表示此刻正在发生的动作。sit 的现在分词需要双写 t 再加 ing,即 sitting。
3.doesn't like 解析: 主语 "He" 是第三人称单数,时态是一般现在时。变否定句时,需要借助助动词 "does","not" 与 "does" 缩写为 "doesn't",后面接动词原形 "like"。
4.to 解析: 这是一个固定搭配 "give sth. to sb.",意为“把某物给某人”。
5.Where 解析: 根据下文的回答 "He's doing his homework in the study"(他在书房里做作业),可知上一句是在询问地点。询问地点的特殊疑问词是 "Where"。注意句首单词首字母大写。
五、阅读对话,选择正确的答案。
1. 答案:B
原文依据: Lingling 说的第一句话是 "I am looking for you outside, but you are in the living room."
解析: 这句话明确指出 Amy 在客厅(living room)。选项 A 是在外面,选项 C 是在卧室,均不符合文意。
2. 答案:C
原文依据: Lingling 说 "I will go to the museum this Sunday."
解析: 这句话说明玲玲这周日想去博物馆(museum)。选项 A 是图书馆,选项 B 是客厅,均不符合文意。
3. 答案:C
原文依据: Amy 回答 "I am watching the video (录像) of my birthday party!"
解析: Amy 正在看录像视频。选项 A 是看电视(TV),选项 B 是看照片(photos),原文明确说是录像(video)。
4. 答案:C
原文依据: Lingling 问 "Who is that little girl? She is dancing." Amy 回答 "She is my sister Nancy."
解析: 那个跳舞的小女孩是 Amy 的妹妹(sister)。选项 A 是 Amy 自己(Amy 后来提到自己在弹吉他),选项 B 是 Amy 的朋友,均不符合文意。
5. 答案:A
原文依据: Lingling 问 "Are you playing the guitar (吉他)?" Amy 回答 "Yes. It's me."
解析: Amy 确认了视频里的那个弹吉他的人就是她自己,这表明她会弹吉他。选项 B 说她不会,与原文矛盾。选项 C 表示不知道,但我们从对话中可以明确得知她会。
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