Unit2 Great Inventions and discoveries重点词汇+短语+句子综合训练 -2025-2026学年沪教版（五四制）八年级下册英语

沪教版（五四制）八年级下册英语 Unit2 Great Inventions and discoveries重点词汇+短语+句子综合训练 满分100分 一、词汇辨析（从括号内选择正确单词填空，每空1分，共15分） 1. The ______ (invent, inventor) of the telephone made people's communication more convenient. 1. This great scientific ______ (discover, discovery) changed the way humans explore the universe. 1. Paper-making is one of the four great ______ (invent, inventions) of ancient China. 1. He spent ten years doing ______ (research, researchs) on new energy sources. 1. The ______ (develop, development) of AI technology has influenced every field of our life. 1. This new ______ (create, creation) can solve the problem of water shortage in dry areas. 1. We should remember the ______ (contribute, contribution) of those great scientists to human society. 1. The ______ (explore, explorer) risked his life to travel to the South Pole for the first time. 1. This machine has a special ______ (function, functional) that can save a lot of electricity. 1. The ______ (introduce, introduction) of the Internet made the world a global village. 1. His ______ (invent, invention) of the new robot won high praise from the experts. 1. The scientist made a great ______ (discover, discovery) in the field of medicine last year. 1. We need to have a spirit of ______ (explore, exploration) to make new breakthroughs. 1. The ______ (improve, improvement) of this software makes it easier for people to use. 1. This ______ (scientific, science) experiment needs to be done in a closed lab. 二、用括号里单词的正确形式完成句子（每空1分，共15分） 1. The great scientist ______ (make) three important discoveries in his lifetime. 2. They ______ (work) on this new invention for five years and they will finish it next month. 3. Paper ______ (invent) by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. 4. My brother enjoys ______ (study) the history of great inventions around the world. 5. We ______ (attend) a lecture about great scientific discoveries next Monday. 6. The scientist ______ (do) a research on plant growth when we visited his lab yesterday. 7. This new type of plane ______ (develop) by a team of young engineers so far. 8. The students ______ (discuss) the influence of mobile phones in class now. 9. He ______ (not realize) the importance of this invention until it was widely used. 10. Great inventions ______ (change) human life greatly since the Industrial Revolution. 11. ______ (create) new things requires patience, courage and hard work. 12. The government ______ (encourage) scientists to do more research on green energy every year. 13. She ______ (learn) about the four great inventions of China since she was in primary school. 14. This new discovery ______ (help) doctors cure this serious disease in the future. 15. We should ______ (remember) the great people who created amazing inventions for us. 三、用括号里中文提示及句意完成句子（每空1分，共20分） 1. The compass is one of the greatest ______ (发明) in ancient China. 2. Edison ______ (发明) more than one thousand things during his life. 3. They are doing ______ (研究) on how to reduce air pollution in big cities. 4. This great ______ (发现) has helped millions of people with eye problems. 5. We should ______ (尊重) the scientists who have made great contributions to the world. 6. The ______ (发展) of high-speed rail makes our travel faster and more comfortable. 7. This new machine has many ______ (功能) and it's very useful in our daily life. 8. Many scientists ______ (致力于) research to make our world a better place. 9. The ______ (探索) of the ocean is still a great challenge for humans now. 10. This invention ______ (改变) the way people shop completely. 11. They plan to ______ (介绍) a new type of electric car at the international fair. 12. The ______ (贡献) of Chinese scientists to global science is getting bigger and bigger. 13. We can ______ (感受到) the great changes that inventions have brought to our life. 14. This scientific ______ (实验) was successful after hundreds of times of failure. 15. The Internet ___________ (使成为可能) for us to communicate with people all over the world. 16. He ______ (花费) twenty years inventing this new kind of medical instrument. 17. Many young people have a strong ______ (好奇心) about the unknown world. 18. We need to ______ (培养) our creative thinking to make new inventions. 19. This new ______ (技术) can help farmers grow more food with less water. 20. The ______ (创造者) of this new app is a college student aged only 20. 四、重点短语 英译汉/汉译英（每空1分，共20分） 英译汉 1. scientific discovery 2. make a contribution to 3. do research on 4. change the world 5. with the development of 6. daily life 7. make ... possible 8. lead to 9. so far 10. work on 汉译英 1. 四大发明 2. 致力于 3. 科技进步 4. 探索未知世界 5. 使日常生活更方便 6. 从……中学习 7. 数以百万计的 8. 在……领域 9. 一生；终生 10. 取得突破 五、汉译英，根据中文提示补全句子，一空一词（共10分） 1. 印刷术的发明影响了整个世界。 The invention of printing ______ the whole world. 2. 这位科学家一生致力于研究太空。 The scientist ______ ______ ______ research on space all his life. 3. 互联网使我们的交流变得更容易。 The Internet ______ ______ easier for us ______ communicate. 4. 他们已经在这项新发明上工作了三年。 They ______ ______ ______ this new invention for three years. 5. 蒸汽机的发明带来了工业革命。 The invention of the steam engine ______ ______ the Industrial Revolution. 6. 我们应该学习那些伟大发明家的精神。 We should learn the spirit of those great ______. 7. 这项新发现将帮助医生治疗更多病人。 This new discovery ______ ______ doctors ______ more patients. 8. 到目前为止，他已在人工智能领域做了很多研究。 ______ ______, he ______ ______ a lot of research in the field of AI. 9. 他的发明让远距离交流成为可能。 His invention ______ communication over long distances ______. 10. 年轻人应该培养探索未知世界的精神。 Young people should ______ the spirit of ______ the unknown world. 六、句型转换（共10分） 1. The Chinese invented paper about 2000 years ago.（改为被动语态） Paper ______ ______ by the Chinese about 2000 years ago. 2. He has done research on AI for six years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has he done research on AI? 3. They will hold a fair about great inventions next month.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ a fair about great inventions next month. 4. The students are talking about the influence of the computer.（对划线部分提问） ______ are the students ______ about? 5. Newton made the discovery of gravity because he watched an apple fall.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ Newton make the discovery of gravity? 6. This scientist has made many great contributions to human society.（改为一般疑问句） ______ this scientist ______ many great contributions to human society? 7. He is good at inventing small things for daily life.（改为同义句） He ______ ______ ______ inventing small things for daily life. 8. Bell invented a very useful thing—the telephone.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ useful thing Bell invented! 9. We will learn about the history of great discoveries in the next lesson.（用now改写句子） We ______ ______ about the history of great discoveries now. 10. The team developed this new software last year.（改为被动语态） This new software ______ ______ by the team last year. 答 案 一、词汇辨析。 1. inventor 2. discovery 3. inventions 4. research 5. development 6. creation 7. contribution 8. explorer 9. function 10. introduction 11. invention 12. discovery 13. exploration 14. improvement 15. scientific 二、用括号里单词的正确形式完成句子。 1. made 2. have been working 3. was invented 4. studying 5. will attend 6. was doing 7. has been developed 8. are discussing 9. didn't realize 10. have changed 11. Creating 12. encourages 13. has learned 14. will help 15. remember 三、用括号里中文提示及句意完成句子。 1. inventions 2. invented 3. research 4. discovery 5. respect 6. development 7. functions 8. devote themselves to 9. exploration 10. has changed 11. introduce 12. contribution 13. feel 14. experiment 15. makes it possible 16. spent 17. curiosity 18. develop 19. technology 20. creator 四、重点短语 英译汉/汉译英。 1. 科学发现 2. 为……做贡献 3. 对……做研究 4. 改变世界 5. 随着……的发展 6. 日常生活 7. 使……成为可能 8. 导致；带来 9. 到目前为止 10. 从事；致力于 11. the Four Great Inventions 12. devote oneself to 13. the progress of science and technology 14. explore the unknown world 15. make daily life more convenient 16. learn from 17. millions of 18. in the field of 19. all one's life 20. make a breakthrough 五、汉译英，根据中文提示补全句子。 1. influenced 2. devoted himself to 3. makes it; to 4. have worked on 5. led to 6. inventors 7. will help; treat 8. So far; has done 9. made; possible 10. develop; exploring 六、句型转换。 1. was invented 2. How long 3. won't hold 4. What; talking 5. Why did 6. Has; made 7. does well in 8. What a 9. are learning 10. was developed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $