第1讲 Unit 1 Time to relax 单元核心知识（新课抢先学）-【优秀生培养计划-巩固与提升】2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语寒假作业 快人一步系列

优秀生培养计划 第1讲 Unit 1 Time to relax（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words, grasp their collocations and word-formation to express ideas correctly. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns and use them to talk about free-time activities and give suggestions. 3. Grammar Master the usage of infinitive as object complement and adverbial in daily communication. 1. express /ɪkˈspres/v. 表达；表示  核心含义：将想法、情感等用语言或行为传递出来。  常见搭配：express one's feelings（表达感情）、express an idea（表达观点）  例句：We should learn to express our love to our parents.  拓展：名词形式为 expression（表达；表情）  练习题 1. She can ___ her thoughts clearly in English. A. tell B. express C. talk D. say 2. He wrote a poem to ___ his thanks to his teacher. A. express B. show C. both A and B D. neither A nor B 3. The girl has a happy ___ on her face. (用 express 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：express thoughts 表示 “表达想法”，是固定搭配，其他选项不符合语境。 2. C 解析：express 和 show 都可以表示 “表达”，express thanks = show thanks，意为 “表达感谢”。 3. expression 解析：形容词 happy 后接名词，expression 表示 “表情”，符合句意。 2. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/n. 建议，提议  核心含义：提出的供参考的意见或方案。  常见搭配：give a suggestion（提建议）、accept one's suggestion（接受某人的建议）  例句：Can you give me a suggestion about how to learn English well?  拓展：动词形式为 suggest（建议），suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）  练习题 1. My teacher made a ___ that we should read more books. A. advice B. suggestion C. news D. information 2. He suggested ___ a picnic this weekend. (用 have 的适当形式填空) 3. I think your ___ is very useful. I will follow it. A. suggest B. suggestion C. suggested D. suggesting  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：suggestion 是可数名词，可与 a 连用；advice、news、information 均为不可数名词，不能用 a 修饰。 2. having 解析：suggest 后接动名词作宾语，suggest doing sth. 意为 “建议做某事”。 3. B 解析：形容词性物主代词 your 后接名词，suggestion 是名词，符合语法要求。 3. fear /fɪə(r)/n. 害怕；v. 担忧  核心含义：名词指内心的恐惧情绪；动词指担心某事发生。  常见搭配：fear of sth.（对某事的恐惧）、fear to do sth.（害怕做某事）  例句：She has a fear of dark places.  拓展：形容词形式为 fearful（害怕的）、fearless（无畏的）  练习题 1. He ___ that he would miss the train. A. feared B. afraid C. fear D. fears 2. My little sister has a ___ of dogs. A. fear B. fears C. fearing D. feared 3. She is ___ to go out alone at night. (用 fear 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：fear 作动词时，可接宾语从句；afraid 是形容词，不能单独作谓语；由 would 可知用一般过去时。 2. A 解析：have a fear of 是固定短语，意为 “害怕……”。 3. fearful 解析：be fearful to do sth. 意为 “害怕做某事”，是固定用法。 4. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励，鼓舞  核心含义：激发他人的勇气、信心或灵感。  常见搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）、inspire confidence（激发信心）  例句：The teacher's words inspired us to study harder.  拓展：名词形式为 inspiration（灵感；鼓舞）  练习题 1. His story ___ me to face the difficulties bravely. A. had B. make C. let D. inspired 2. The book is a great ___ for my writing. (用 inspire 的适当形式填空) 3. We need a leader who can ___ the team. A. inspiration B. inspire C. inspired D. inspiring  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：inspire sb. to do sth. 意为 “激励某人做某事”，符合句意；make/let 后接动词原形，不符合结构。 2. inspiration 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，inspiration 表示 “灵感”，符合语境。 3. B 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，inspire 是动词，意为 “鼓舞”。 5. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n. 成就  核心含义：通过努力获得的成果或业绩。  常见搭配：a sense of achievement（成就感）、great achievements（伟大的成就）  例句：Winning the competition is a great achievement for him.  拓展：动词形式为 achieve（实现；获得）  练习题 1. The scientist has made many important ___ in his field. A. achieve B. achievement C. achievements D. achieving 2. He hopes to ___ his dream of becoming a doctor. (用 achieve 的适当形式填空) 3. Finishing the work on time gave me a strong sense of ___. A. achieve B. achievement C. achieved D. achieving  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：many 后接可数名词复数，achievements 是复数形式，意为 “成就”。 2. achieve 解析：hope to do sth. 意为 “希望做某事”，to 后接动词原形。 3. B 解析：a sense of 后接名词，achievement 表示 “成就”，a sense of achievement 意为 “成就感”。 6. stress /stres/n. 精神压力，紧张；v. 强调  核心含义：名词指精神上的压力；动词指着重指出某事的重要性。  常见搭配：deal with stress（应对压力）、stress the importance of（强调…… 的重要性）  例句：Too much stress is bad for our health.  拓展：形容词形式为 stressed（感到紧张的）、stressful（充满压力的）  练习题 1. My mother often ___ the importance of eating healthy food. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. stressing 2. Students are under a lot of ___ before exams. (用 stress 的适当形式填空) 3. I feel ___ when I have a lot of homework to do. (用 stress 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：主语 my mother 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 stresses。 2. stress 解析：a lot of 后接名词，stress 作 “压力” 讲时是不可数名词。 3. stressed 解析：feel 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，stressed 表示 “感到紧张的”。 7. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 减少；降低  核心含义：使数量、程度等变少或降低。  常见搭配：reduce stress（减轻压力）、reduce costs（降低成本）  例句：Doing exercise can help us reduce stress.  拓展：名词形式为 reduction（减少；降低）  练习题 1. We should ___ the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. A. raise B. increase C. reduce D. add 2. The company has made a ___ in prices this month. (用 reduce 的适当形式填空) 3. This new method can ___ the time we spend on the work. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. to reduce  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：reduce 意为 “减少”，符合句意；increase/raise/add 均表示 “增加”，与句意相反。 2. reduction 解析：不定冠词 a 后接名词，reduction 表示 “降价”，符合语境。 3. A 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 8. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/v. 完成（困难的事）；管理  核心含义：成功做到难事；负责管理某事或某人。  常见搭配：manage to do sth.（设法做成某事）、manage a company（管理公司）  例句：He managed to finish the work on time although he was ill.  拓展：名词形式为 manager（经理）、management（管理）  练习题 1. She ___ to pass the exam after hard work. A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped 2. My uncle ___ a big restaurant in our city. (用 manage 的适当形式填空) 3. It is difficult, but I believe we can ___ it. A. manage B. try C. do D. make  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：manage to do sth. 表示 “设法做成某事”，强调成功的结果；try to do sth. 表示 “努力做某事”，不强调结果。 2. manages 解析：主语 my uncle 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3. A 解析：manage it 意为 “做到；搞定”，是固定用法。 9. allow /əˈlaʊ/v. 允许；使…… 成为可能  核心含义：许可某人做某事；为某事提供可能性。  常见搭配：allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）、allow doing sth.（允许做某事）  例句：My parents don't allow me to stay up late.  拓展：名词形式为 allowance（津贴；允许）  练习题 1. The school doesn't ___ students to use mobile phones in class. A. let B. allow C. make D. have 2. We don't ___ eating in the library. (用 allow 的适当形式填空) 3. Are we ___ to leave early today? A. allow B. allows C. allowing D. allowed  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：allow sb. to do sth. 是固定结构；let/make/have 后接动词原形作宾补，不符合结构。 2. allow 解析：助动词 don't 后接动词原形，allow doing sth. 意为 “允许做某事”。 3. D 解析：be allowed to do sth. 是被动语态，意为 “被允许做某事”。 10. scared /skeəd/adj. 害怕的；惊慌的  核心含义：因危险或未知事物而感到恐惧。  常见搭配：be scared of sth.（害怕某物）、be scared to do sth.（害怕做某事）  例句：The little girl is scared of thunder.  拓展：动词形式为 scare（使害怕），形容词形式还有 scary（吓人的）  练习题 1. She is ___ to go swimming alone in the river. A. scared B. scary C. scaring D. scare 2. The horror movie is too ___ for me to watch. (用 scared 的适当形式填空) 3. The loud noise ___ me last night. (用 scared 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：be scared to do sth. 意为 “害怕做某事”，scared 修饰人。 2. scary 解析：scary 修饰事物，意为 “吓人的”，符合句意。 3. scared 解析：scare 作动词时意为 “使害怕”，由 last night 可知用一般过去时。 11. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/n. 失败  核心含义：未达到预期目标的状态或事件。  常见搭配：fear of failure（害怕失败）、a failure in sth.（某事的失败）  例句：Failure is the mother of success.  拓展：动词形式为 fail（失败；不及格）  练习题 1. Don't be afraid of ___. It can teach you a lot. A. fail B. failure C. failing D. failed 2. He ___ the exam because he didn't study hard. (用 fail 的适当形式填空) 3. The plan was a ___, so we need to make a new one. A. fail B. failure C. failing D. failed  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：介词 of 后接名词，failure 是不可数名词，意为 “失败”。 2. failed 解析：由 didn't 可知用一般过去时，fail the exam 意为 “考试不及格”。 3. B 解析：不定冠词 a 后接名词，failure 表示 “失败的事”，是可数名词。 12. program /ˈprəʊɡræm/v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目  核心含义：动词指设计计算机程序；名词指计算机程序或电视节目。  常见搭配：program a computer（编写计算机程序）、a TV program（电视节目）  例句：He likes to program in his free time.  拓展：名词形式为 programmer（程序员）  练习题 1. My brother is a computer ___. He can ___ many kinds of software. (用 program 的适当形式填空) 2. What's your favorite TV ___? A. program B. programmer C. programming D. programs 3. He spent two hours ___ the new app. (用 program 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. programmer; program 解析：第一空由 a 可知填名词 programmer（程序员）；第二空情态动词 can 后接动词原形 program。 2. A 解析：TV program 意为 “电视节目”，符合句意。 3. programming 解析：spend time doing sth. 意为 “花费时间做某事”。 13. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/n. 诗  核心含义：有节奏、有韵律的文学作品。  常见搭配：write a poem（写诗）、a beautiful poem（一首优美的诗）  例句：The little boy wrote a poem for his mother's birthday.  拓展：名词形式为 poet（诗人）、poetry（诗歌，总称）  练习题 1. She read us a ___ about nature. A. poetry B. poet C. poem D. poetic 2. Li Bai was a famous ___ in ancient China. (用 poem 的适当形式填空) 3. I like reading ___ written by Xu Zhimo. A. poem B. poems C. poetry D. poets  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数，poem 表示 “一首诗”，符合句意。 2. poet 解析：poet 意为 “诗人”，符合句意 “李白是中国古代著名的诗人”。 3. B 解析：poem 是可数名词，此处用复数形式 poems 表示泛指。 14. strict /strɪkt/adj. 严格的；严厉的  核心含义：对人或事要求高，不放松。  常见搭配：be strict with sb.（对某人严格）、be strict in sth.（对某事严格）  例句：Our teacher is strict with us in our study.  拓展：副词形式为 strictly（严格地）  练习题 1. My parents are very ___ with me about my homework. A. strict B. stricted C. strictly D. strictness 2. The school is ___ in its rules. (用 strict 的适当形式填空) 3. We must follow the rules ___. (用 strict 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：be strict with sb. 是固定短语，意为 “对某人严格”。 2. strict 解析：be strict in sth. 意为 “对某事严格”，符合句意。 3. strictly 解析：修饰动词 follow 用副词 strictly，意为 “严格地遵守规则”。 15. deal /diːl/n. 交易，协议；v. 对付；处理  核心含义：名词指达成的协议；动词指处理问题或应对某人。  常见搭配：make a deal（达成协议）、deal with（处理；对付）  例句：We need to deal with the problem at once.  拓展：过去式和过去分词均为 dealt  练习题 1. He made a ___ with his partner about the project. A. deal B. deals C. dealing D. dealt 2. How do you ___ with the difficult situation? (用 deal 的适当形式填空) 3. She ___ with the company last week. (用 deal 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：make a deal 是固定短语，意为 “达成协议”。 2. deal 解析：助动词 do 后接动词原形，deal with 意为 “处理”。 3. dealt 解析：deal 的过去式是 dealt，由 last week 可知用一般过去时。 1. scared of 害怕，恐惧  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，相当于 afraid of。  例句：The little boy is scared of dogs.  拓展：be scared to do sth. 表示 “害怕做某事”  练习题 1. She is scared ___ snakes. A. to B. of C. with D. for 2. My sister is scared of ___ alone at night. (用 stay 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：be scared of 是固定搭配，意为 “害怕……”。 2. staying 解析：of 是介词，后接动名词形式。 2. give up 放弃  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，指停止做某事或放弃某物。  例句：Never give up and you will succeed.  拓展：give up doing sth. 表示 “放弃做某事”  练习题 1. He decided to give ___ smoking for his health. A. up B. off C. out D. away 2. My teacher told me not to give up ___ English. (用 learn 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：give up 意为 “放弃”，give up smoking 意为 “戒烟”。 2. learning 解析：give up 后接动名词作宾语，意为 “放弃学习英语”。 3. so far 到目前为止  核心用法：常与现在完成时连用，指从过去到现在的时间段。  例句：So far, we have finished half of the work.  拓展：同义短语有 up to now  练习题 1. ___ far, I have made many friends in this school. A. In B. On C. So D. By 2. We ___ no news from him so far. (用 have 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：so far 是固定短语，意为 “到目前为止”。 2. have had 解析：so far 与现在完成时连用，主语 we 后接 have had。 4. get over 克服（困难）  核心用法：后接名词或代词，指战胜困难或从疾病中恢复。  例句：She finally got over her fear of speaking in public.  拓展：get over sth. 表示 “克服某事”；get over sb. 表示 “忘记某人”  练习题 1. It is not easy to get ___ the difficulties. A. out B. on C. up D. over 2. He needs time to get over ___ illness. (用 he 的适当形式填空)  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：get over 意为 “克服”，符合句意 “克服困难不容易”。 2. his 解析：修饰名词 illness 用形容词性物主代词 his。 5. express feelings 表达感情  核心用法：express 后接名词作宾语，feelings 常用复数形式表示 “感情”。  例句：Writing diaries is a good way to express feelings.  拓展：express one's feelings 表示 “表达某人的感情”  练习题 1. We should learn to express our ___ to our family. A. feeling B. feelings C. feel D. felt 2. She uses music to express ___ (she) feelings.  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：feeling 作 “感情” 讲时常用复数形式 feelings。 2. her 解析：修饰名词 feelings 用形容词性物主代词 her。 6. a sense of achievement 成就感  核心用法：a sense of + 名词，表示 “一种…… 的感觉”。  例句：Winning the game gave me a strong sense of achievement.  拓展：a sense of happiness（幸福感）、a sense of humor（幽默感）  练习题 1. Finishing the task on time gave us a sense of ___. A. achieve B. achievement C. achieved D. achieving 2. She has a strong sense of ___ (achieve) when she helps others.  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：a sense of achievement 是固定短语，意为 “成就感”。 2. achievement 解析：a sense of 后接名词，achieve 的名词形式是 achievement。 7. deal with stress 应对压力  核心用法：deal with 表示 “处理；应对”，stress 是不可数名词。  例句：Doing exercise is a good way to deal with stress.  拓展：deal with 还可表示 “与…… 打交道”  练习题 1. We need to learn how to deal ___ stress in our daily life. A. with B. in C. on D. at 2. She deals with stress by ___ (listen) to music.  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：deal with 是固定短语，意为 “应对；处理”。 2. listening 解析：by 是介词，后接动名词形式。 8. dream of 梦想；渴望  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，指向往某事或成为某人。  例句：He dreams of becoming a famous singer.  拓展：同义短语有 dream about  练习题 1. She dreams ___ traveling around the world. A. with B. to C. for D. of 2. My brother dreams of ___ (be) a scientist in the future.  答案与解析： 1. D 解析：dream of 是固定短语，意为 “梦想……”。 2. being 解析：of 是介词，后接动名词形式。 9. once in a while 偶尔；间或  核心用法：在句中作状语，相当于 sometimes。  例句：I go to the cinema once in a while.  拓展：同义短语有 from time to time  练习题 1. We should visit our grandparents once ___ a while. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. He eats junk food once in a while, ___ (do) he? (反义疑问句填空)  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：once in a while 是固定短语，意为 “偶尔”。 2. doesn't 解析：反义疑问句遵循 “前肯后否” 原则，主语 he 是第三人称单数，用 doesn't。 10. reduce stress 减轻压力  核心用法：reduce 是动词，意为 “减少；减轻”，后接名词作宾语。  例句：Listening to soft music can help us reduce stress.  拓展：reduce 的名词形式是 reduction  练习题 1. Doing yoga is a good way to reduce ___. A. stressful B. stressed C. stress D. stresses 2. We can reduce stress by ___ (take) a walk every day.  答案与解析： 1. C 解析：reduce 后接名词作宾语，stress 作 “压力” 讲时是不可数名词。 2. taking 解析：by 是介词，后接动名词形式。 11. give it a go 试一试  核心用法：口语化表达，相当于 have a try。  例句：I have never played tennis before, but I want to give it a go.  拓展：give sth. a go 表示 “试一试某事”  练习题 1. Why not give ___ a go? You may like it. A. it B. them C. this D. that 2. She decided to give ___ (swim) a go this summer vacation.  答案与解析： 1. A 解析：give it a go 是固定短语，意为 “试一试”。 2. swimming 解析：give doing sth. a go 表示 “试一试做某事”。 12. in return 作为回报  核心用法：在句中作状语，指作为对某事的报答。  例句：I gave him a gift in return for his help.  拓展：in return for 表示 “作为对…… 的回报”  练习题 1. He helped me a lot, and I gave him a book ___ return. A. for B. in C. on D. with 2. She sent me a postcard in return for ___ (I) help.  答案与解析： 1. B 解析：in return 是固定短语，意为 “作为回报”。 2. my 解析：修饰名词 help 用形容词性物主代词 my。 1. Teng Fei usually programs in his room every evening.  句意翻译：滕飞通常每天晚上都在自己的房间里编程。  句型结构：主语（Teng Fei）+ 频度副词（usually）+ 谓语动词（programs）+ 地点状语（in his room）+ 时间状语（every evening）  关键知识点：频度副词 usually 放在实义动词前；program 此处作动词，意为 “编写程序”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我通常每天早上读英语。  I usually ___ English every morning.  答案与解析：  read 解析：频度副词 usually 后接动词原形 read，符合句型结构。 2. Yaming does calligraphy to relax after study.  句意翻译：亚明学习后练书法来放松。  句型结构：主语（Yaming）+ 谓语动词（does）+ 宾语（calligraphy）+ 目的状语（to relax）+ 时间状语（after study）  关键知识点：动词不定式 to relax 作目的状语，表 “做某事的目的”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：她去图书馆看书。  She goes to the library ___ books.  答案与解析：  to read 解析：用动词不定式 to read 作目的状语，符合句型结构。 3. Maya started collecting postcards when she was five.  句意翻译：玛雅五岁的时候就开始收集明信片了。  句型结构：主语（Maya）+ 谓语动词（started）+ 宾语（collecting postcards）+ 时间状语从句（when she was five）  关键知识点：start doing sth. 表示 “开始做某事”；when 引导时间状语从句。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他十岁时开始学钢琴。  He started ___ the piano when he was ten.  答案与解析：  learning 解析：start 后接动名词 learning 作宾语，符合句型结构。 4. Emma used to be scared of ice skating, but she practiced and now skates smoothly.  句意翻译：艾玛过去害怕滑冰，但她不断练习，现在已经能滑得很自如了。  句型结构：并列句，前半句（Emma used to be scared of ice skating）+ 转折连词（but）+ 后半句（she practiced and now skates smoothly）  关键知识点：used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事”；but 表转折关系。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他过去很胖，但现在瘦了。  He ___ to be fat, but now he is thin.  答案与解析：  used 解析：used to do sth. 表 “过去常常”，符合句型结构。 5. Why don’t you try calligraphy? It’s relaxing and helps learn Chinese culture.  句意翻译：你为什么不试试书法呢？书法既令人放松，又能帮助你了解中国文化。  句型结构：提建议句型（Why don’t you + 动词原形？）+ 陈述句（It’s relaxing and helps learn Chinese culture）  关键知识点：Why don’t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 表 “建议做某事”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：你为什么不加入我们呢？  Why don’t you ___ us?  答案与解析：  join 解析：Why don’t you 后接动词原形 join，符合提建议句型。 6. Playing the guitar makes Peter feel proud because he can play for friends.  句意翻译：弹吉他让彼得感到很自豪，因为他能为朋友们演奏了。  句型结构：主语（Playing the guitar）+ 谓语动词（makes）+ 宾语（Peter）+ 宾补（feel proud）+ 原因状语从句（because he can play for friends）  关键知识点：动名词短语作主语；make sb. do sth. 表示 “使某人做某事”，宾补用动词原形。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：听音乐让我感到放松。  Listening to music ___ me feel relaxed.  答案与解析：  makes 解析：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 makes，符合句型结构。 7. What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax.  句意翻译：你空闲时间都做些什么？我吹长笛来放松。  句型结构：特殊疑问句（What + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 状语？）+ 答句（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 目的状语）  关键知识点：what 引导特殊疑问句，询问日常活动；to relax 作目的状语。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：你周末做什么？我打篮球来锻炼身体。  What do you do on weekends? I play basketball ___ exercise.  答案与解析：  to 解析：用 to exercise 作目的状语，符合答句句型结构。 8. She told me not to give up so easily.  句意翻译：她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。  句型结构：主语（She）+ 谓语动词（told）+ 宾语（me）+ 宾补（not to give up so easily）  关键知识点：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 表示 “告诉某人（不要）做某事”，动词不定式作宾补。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：老师告诉我们不要迟到。  The teacher told us ___ to be late.  答案与解析：  not 解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 表 “告诉某人不要做某事”，填 not 符合句型结构。 1. 基本概念 动词不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形，有时 to 可省略。它属于非谓语动词，不能作谓语，可作宾语补足语、状语、宾语等。 2. 核心用法 分类 用法 例句 作宾语补足语（带 to） 常见动词：want, tell, ask, encourage, allow 等 My mother asks me to clean my room. 作宾语补足语（不带 to） 常见动词：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三使（let, have, make）、四看（see, watch, notice, observe） I saw him play football on the playground. 作目的状语 表动作的目的，可置于句首或句末 He gets up early to catch the first bus. 作结果状语 常见结构：enough to do；too...to do The box is light enough for me to carry. 作原因状语 用在表情感的形容词后（happy, glad, sorry 等） I'm glad to see you. 特殊疑问词 + 不定式 可作主语、宾语等 I don't know when to start. 练习题 1. My teacher encourages us ___ English as much as possible. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 2. I saw him ___ basketball on the playground just now. A. played B. to play C. playing D. play 3. He got up early ___ the early bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 4. The boy is ___ young ___ go to school. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that 5. She doesn't know what ___ next. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 答案与解析 1. B 解析：encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定用法，意为 “鼓励某人做某事”。 2. D 解析：see sb. do sth. 表示 “看到某人做某事的全过程”，不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 3. B 解析：动词不定式 to catch 作目的状语，意为 “早起是为了赶早班车”。 4. A 解析：too...to... 是固定结构，意为 “太…… 而不能……”，符合句意 “这个男孩太小了，不能上学”。 5. C 解析：特殊疑问词 what 后接不定式 to do，作 know 的宾语。 练习题 1. Let me ___ you with your homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 2. The book is interesting enough for us ___ many times. A. read B. to read C. reading D. readed 3. I'm sorry ___ you waiting for a long time. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 4. He decided ___ a new computer. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 5. Can you tell me how ___ to the station? A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 答案与解析 1. A 解析：let sb. do sth. 是固定用法，不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 2. B 解析：enough to do sth. 意为 “足够…… 去做某事”，符合句意。 3. D 解析：be sorry to do sth. 意为 “很抱歉做某事”，动词不定式作原因状语。 4. B 解析：decide to do sth. 是固定用法，意为 “决定做某事”。 5. C 解析：how to get 是 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，作 tell 的宾语。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Free time is a special gift for students. It helps us relax and grow. I like to spend my free time in many ways. On weekends, I often 1 calligraphy to practice my handwriting. It makes me calm and helps me 2 my stress. Sometimes, I go on an outing with my friends. We walk to the countryside to enjoy the 3 scenery. We talk, laugh and take photos there. It’s a wonderful way to 4 with nature. I also like to write poems to 5 my ideas about life and beauty. My friends say my poems are inspiring and they 6 me a lot. When I feel tired, I do yoga or practice kung fu. These activities keep me 7 and energetic. I know it’s important to 8 a balance between study and hobbies. We should not only study hard but also 9 time to enjoy our free time. If you are stressed, try my ways. You will 10 that relaxing is not a waste of time. It helps you study better and live a happier life. 1．A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice 2．A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 3．A．boring B．terrible C．beautiful D．simple 4．A．connect B．to connect C．connecting D．connected 5．A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed 6．A．inspire B．inspired C．inspiring D．to inspire 7．A．sick B．tired C．healthy D．angry 8．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 9．A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 10．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者利用课余时间通过练习书法、户外出游、写诗、做瑜伽等多种方式放松身心、平衡学习与爱好，还分享了这些方法对缓解压力、提升生活幸福感的益处。 1．句意：周末，我经常练习书法来练习我的书写。 practice练习，动词原形；practices动词三单形式；practicing动名词或现在分词；to practice动词不定式。根据“often”可知，此处用一般现在时态，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形practice。故选A。 2．句意：它让我平静，也帮我减轻压力。 reduce减轻，动词原形；reducing动名词或现在分词；to reduce动词不定式；reduced过去式或过去分词。help sb. (to) do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮某人做某事”，to可省略，后接动词原形reduce。故选A。 3．句意：我们步行去乡下欣赏美丽的风景。 boring无聊的；terrible糟糕的；beautiful美丽的；simple简单的。根据“enjoy the ... scenery”可知，此处表示“欣赏美丽的风景”。故选C。 4．句意：这是与大自然建立联系的绝佳方式。 connect连接，动词原形；to connect动词不定式；connecting动名词或现在分词；connected过去式或过去分词。a way to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事的方式”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故选A。 5．句意：我也喜欢写诗来表达我对生活和美的看法。 express表达，动词原形；to express动词不定式；expressing动名词或现在分词；expressed过去式或过去分词。write poems to do sth.表目的，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，作目的状语。故选A。 6．句意：我的朋友们说我的诗很鼓舞人心，而且它们对我很有启发。 inspire启发，动词原形；inspired过去式或过去分词；inspiring动名词或现在分词；to inspire动词不定式。根据“my poems are...”可知，此处用一般现在时态，主语“they”是复数，谓语动词用原形inspire。故选A。 7．句意：这些活动让我保持健康和活力。 sick生病的；tired疲惫的；healthy健康的；angry生气的。根据“These activities”和“and energetic”可知，and连接并列形容词应表示积极的方面，healthy“健康的”符合语境。故选C。 8．句意：我知道在学习和爱好之间保持平衡很重要。 keep保持，动词原形；to keep动词不定式；keeping动名词或现在分词；kept过去式或过去分词。“it’s important to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，“it”作形式主语，不定式to keep作真正主语。故选A。 9．句意：我们不仅要努力学习，还要花时间享受空闲时光。 spend花费，动词原形；to spend动词不定式；spending动名词或现在分词；spent过去式或过去分词。根据“should”可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故选A。 10．句意：你会发现放松并不是浪费时间。 find发现，动词原形；to find动词不定式；finding动名词或现在分词；found过去式或过去分词。根据“will”可知，此处用动词原形，构成一般将来时。故选A。 二、语法选择 Having a pet brings so much joy to my life. I have a 11 little cat called Mia. Every evening, I brush 12 soft fur and play with her using a feather wand. I know that playing with her is 13 for her mental health. I often give her catnip treats, 14 she always curls up beside me after that. I don’t let her eat too many snacks, 15 my mom says they can make her sick. On weekends, I help my grandma 16 Mia’s bed and put fresh blankets in it. We make simple 17 meals for her with fish and vegetables. The food is 18 and full of vitamins. I think having a pet makes us 19 and more patient. Do you have a cute pet? 20 you spend time with it every day? 11．A．lovely B．lovelier C．lovelily 12．A．she B．her C．hers 13．A．bad B．good C．better 14．A．or B．so C．but 15．A．because B．so C．but 16．A．clean B．cleaning C．to cleaning 17．A．healthily B．healthy C．healthier 18．A．taste B．tasty C．tastes 19．A．happiness B．happy C．happily 20．A．Are B．Do C．Can 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 16．A 17．B 18．B 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者与宠物猫Mia的日常相处，以及养猫带来的快乐与改变。 11．句意：我有一只可爱的小猫叫Mia。 lovely可爱的，是形容词；lovelier更可爱的，比较级；lovelily可爱地，副词。此处修饰名词“little cat”，无比较意义，需要用形容词原级。故选A。 12．句意：每天晚上，我都会梳理她柔软的毛，用逗猫棒和她玩。 she她，主格；her她/她的，形容词性物主代词或宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词。此处修饰名词“soft fur”，需要用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 13．句意：我知道和她玩耍对她的心理健康有好处。 bad坏的；good好的；better更好，比较级。“be good for”是固定短语，意为“对……有好处”，符合语境。故选B。 14．句意：我经常给她猫薄荷零食，所以之后她总是蜷在我身边。 or或者；so所以；but但是。前半句“给她零食”和后半句“蜷在我身边”是因果关系。故选B。 15．句意：我不让她吃太多零食，因为我妈妈说零食会让她生病。 because因为；so所以；but但是。后半句是解释前半句“不让她吃太多零食”的原因。故选A。 16．句意：周末，我帮奶奶清理Mia的窝，把新摊子放进去。 clean动词原形；cleaning动名词；to cleaning清洁。“help sb. (to) do sth.”是固定搭配，故选A。 17．句意：我们用鱼和蔬菜为她做简单又健康的饭菜。 healthily副词；healthy形容词；healthier比较级。此处修饰名词“meals”，需要用形容词原级。故选B。 18．句意：食物很美味，而且富含维生素。 taste动词；tasty形容词；tastes动词第三人称单数。此处作表语，需要用形容词。故选B。 19．句意：我觉得养宠物让我们快乐、更有耐心。 happiness名词；happy形容词；happily副词。“make sb. + 形容词”是固定结构，意为“使某人……”，需要用形容词，故选B。 20．句意：你每天都花时间陪它吗？ Are系动词；Do助动词；Can情态动词。句子的谓语是实义动词“spend”，需要用助动词Do构成一般疑问句，故选B。 三、阅读理解 A What do you usually do in your free time? Last month, we asked 100 students about their free-time activities. Here are the results. ①How often do you watch TV?           ②How often do you surf the Internet?              ③ How many times a week do you exercise?           ④How often do you help to do housework?              21．How many students often watch TV? A．3. B．24. C．33. D．40. 22．According to the second chart (图表), _______ of the students surf the Internet every day. A．4% B．22% C．26% D．48% 23．According to the third chart, 25% of the students do exercise _______. A．every day B．once or twice a week C．three to five times a week D．six times a week 24．Which activity is not mentioned? A．Reading. B．Watching TV. C．Exercising. D．Doing housework. 25．Which of the following is right? A．Fifty students often do housework. B．The survey is about students’ studies. C．About 15% of the students never exercise. D．They did the survey among 100 students. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了针对100名学生课后活动的调查结果。 21．细节理解题。根据图表①“How often do you watch TV?”中的“Often”对应的柱状图高度为40，可知有40名学生经常看电视。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据图表②“How often do you surf the Internet?” 的饼图，“Every day”对应的比例为22%，可知22%的学生每天上网。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据图表③“How many times a week do you exercise?”的柱状图，总调查人数为100人，25%即25人，“3~5 times”对应的学生数量为25人。故选C。 24．细节理解题。文中调查的活动包括看电视、上网、锻炼、做家务，未提及阅读（Reading）。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据“Last month we asked 100 students about their free-time activities.”可知，调查是在100名学生中开展的。故选D。 B After I became a mother, I couldn’t remember the last time I had time for myself. Even my simple hobby of reading a book became a thing of the past. I spent all my time taking care of the family, doing chores, and of course, working to make a living. I was really tired and hoped for “me-time”. When I said “me-time”, I only meant having an hour of quietness, such as listening to music, reading a book, or watching a movie, without being troubled by my kids. Soon I had a chance to travel to a new country all by myself! My husband and kids would have to follow at a later date. Now, I am alone in an apartment. Finally, I can do whatever I want and keep the house clean and tidy. I am happy because I can read my favourite books and do all that I want to do. But gradually, I feel a little lonely. I miss my kids and my husband. I feel something in me is missing. Now I realize that making time for myself doesn’t mean being away from those I love. I can still have “me-time” even if the kids are around. I will change my attitude (态度) to chores and other things. Life won’t be meaningful or wonderful without the people I love around me. Now I am looking forward to seeing them soon. 26．Which of the following is the writer’s “me-time” according to Paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 27．Why did the writer want to have “me-time”? A．Because her kids always made the house dirty. B．Because she wanted to visit a new country by herself. C．Because she was sick and tired of working to make a living. D．Because she wanted to enjoy some time that was hers completely. 28．How did the writer’s feelings change? A．unhappy→lonely→happy B．lonely→happy→bored C．tired→happy →lonely D．unhappy→relaxed→excited 29．What can we know from the passage? A．The writer expects to stay with her family now. B．The writer enjoys her life in a new country. C．The writer likes the life of doing chores better. D．Life won’t be perfect without chores or other small things. 30．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Happiness comes from doing things for those we love. B．Life of not taking care of children is really relaxing. C．Travelling by ourselves is a wonderful experience. D．“Me-time” plays an important role in everyone’s life. 【答案】26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者做了母亲后，忙于家庭琐事，盼望独处时间，终于有机会一个人独处时却发现自己很孤单，最终意识到生活的意义在于与所爱之人相伴。 26．细节理解题。根据“When I said ‘me-time’, I only meant having an hour of quietness, such as listening to music, reading a book, or watching a movie, without being troubled by my kids.”可知，作者认为自己的时间是可以听音乐，看书，或者看电影，不受孩子们的打扰。图片B符合。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据“I spent all my time taking care of the family, doing chores, and of course, working to make a living. I was really tired and hoped for ‘me-time’.”可知，作者想要“me-time”是因为她想要一段完全属于自己的时间。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据“I was really tired and hoped for ‘me-time’.”，“I am happy because I can read my favourite books and do all that I want to do.”和“But gradually, I feel a little lonely.”可知，开始作者感到很累，渴望拥有自己的专属时间；当她单独住在公寓时，开始她感到很开心，因为她可以做她想要做的事情；可是慢慢地作者感到孤独。故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据“Now I am looking forward to seeing them soon.”可知，作者现在期望和家人待在一起。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。根据“Life won’t be meaningful or wonderful without the people I love around me.”及通读全文可知，作者想通过自己的经历告诉我们幸福来自为我们所爱的人做事，而不是离开他们。故选A。 1 / 21乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $优秀生培养计划 第1讲 Unit 1 Time to relax（新教材人教版） 内容提要 高频词汇 常考短语 重点句型 核心语法 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 核心考点精准练 模块四 综合题型助提升 1. Vocabulary Master 15 key words, grasp their collocations and word-formation to express ideas correctly. 2. Sentence Patterns Learn 8 basic sentence patterns and use them to talk about free-time activities and give suggestions. 3. Grammar Master the usage of infinitive as object complement and adverbial in daily communication. 1. express /ɪkˈspres/v. 表达；表示  核心含义：将想法、情感等用语言或行为传递出来。  常见搭配：express one's feelings（表达感情）、express an idea（表达观点）  例句：We should learn to express our love to our parents.  拓展：名词形式为 expression（表达；表情）  练习题 1. She can ___ her thoughts clearly in English. A. tell B. express C. talk D. say 2. He wrote a poem to ___ his thanks to his teacher. A. express B. show C. both A and B D. neither A nor B 3. The girl has a happy ___ on her face. (用 express 的适当形式填空) 2. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/n. 建议，提议  核心含义：提出的供参考的意见或方案。  常见搭配：give a suggestion（提建议）、accept one's suggestion（接受某人的建议）  例句：Can you give me a suggestion about how to learn English well?  拓展：动词形式为 suggest（建议），suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）  练习题 1. My teacher made a ___ that we should read more books. A. advice B. suggestion C. news D. information 2. He suggested ___ a picnic this weekend. (用 have 的适当形式填空) 3. I think your ___ is very useful. I will follow it. A. suggest B. suggestion C. suggested D. suggesting 3. fear /fɪə(r)/n. 害怕；v. 担忧  核心含义：名词指内心的恐惧情绪；动词指担心某事发生。  常见搭配：fear of sth.（对某事的恐惧）、fear to do sth.（害怕做某事）  例句：She has a fear of dark places.  拓展：形容词形式为 fearful（害怕的）、fearless（无畏的）  练习题 1. He ___ that he would miss the train. A. feared B. afraid C. fear D. fears 2. My little sister has a ___ of dogs. A. fear B. fears C. fearing D. feared 3. She is ___ to go out alone at night. (用 fear 的适当形式填空) 4. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励，鼓舞  核心含义：激发他人的勇气、信心或灵感。  常见搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）、inspire confidence（激发信心）  例句：The teacher's words inspired us to study harder.  拓展：名词形式为 inspiration（灵感；鼓舞）  练习题 1. His story ___ me to face the difficulties bravely. A. had B. make C. let D. inspired 2. The book is a great ___ for my writing. (用 inspire 的适当形式填空) 3. We need a leader who can ___ the team. A. inspiration B. inspire C. inspired D. inspiring 5. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n. 成就  核心含义：通过努力获得的成果或业绩。  常见搭配：a sense of achievement（成就感）、great achievements（伟大的成就）  例句：Winning the competition is a great achievement for him.  拓展：动词形式为 achieve（实现；获得）  练习题 1. The scientist has made many important ___ in his field. A. achieve B. achievement C. achievements D. achieving 2. He hopes to ___ his dream of becoming a doctor. (用 achieve 的适当形式填空) 3. Finishing the work on time gave me a strong sense of ___. A. achieve B. achievement C. achieved D. achieving  6. stress /stres/n. 精神压力，紧张；v. 强调  核心含义：名词指精神上的压力；动词指着重指出某事的重要性。  常见搭配：deal with stress（应对压力）、stress the importance of（强调…… 的重要性）  例句：Too much stress is bad for our health.  拓展：形容词形式为 stressed（感到紧张的）、stressful（充满压力的）  练习题 1. My mother often ___ the importance of eating healthy food. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. stressing 2. Students are under a lot of ___ before exams. (用 stress 的适当形式填空) 3. I feel ___ when I have a lot of homework to do. (用 stress 的适当形式填空) 7. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 减少；降低  核心含义：使数量、程度等变少或降低。  常见搭配：reduce stress（减轻压力）、reduce costs（降低成本）  例句：Doing exercise can help us reduce stress.  拓展：名词形式为 reduction（减少；降低）  练习题 1. We should ___ the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. A. raise B. increase C. reduce D. add 2. The company has made a ___ in prices this month. (用 reduce 的适当形式填空) 3. This new method can ___ the time we spend on the work. A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. to reduce  8. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/v. 完成（困难的事）；管理  核心含义：成功做到难事；负责管理某事或某人。  常见搭配：manage to do sth.（设法做成某事）、manage a company（管理公司）  例句：He managed to finish the work on time although he was ill.  拓展：名词形式为 manager（经理）、management（管理）  练习题 1. She ___ to pass the exam after hard work. A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped 2. My uncle ___ a big restaurant in our city. (用 manage 的适当形式填空) 3. It is difficult, but I believe we can ___ it. A. manage B. try C. do D. make 9. allow /əˈlaʊ/v. 允许；使…… 成为可能  核心含义：许可某人做某事；为某事提供可能性。  常见搭配：allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）、allow doing sth.（允许做某事）  例句：My parents don't allow me to stay up late.  拓展：名词形式为 allowance（津贴；允许）  练习题 1. The school doesn't ___ students to use mobile phones in class. A. let B. allow C. make D. have 2. We don't ___ eating in the library. (用 allow 的适当形式填空) 3. Are we ___ to leave early today? A. allow B. allows C. allowing D. allowed 10. scared /skeəd/adj. 害怕的；惊慌的  核心含义：因危险或未知事物而感到恐惧。  常见搭配：be scared of sth.（害怕某物）、be scared to do sth.（害怕做某事）  例句：The little girl is scared of thunder.  拓展：动词形式为 scare（使害怕），形容词形式还有 scary（吓人的）  练习题 1. She is ___ to go swimming alone in the river. A. scared B. scary C. scaring D. scare 2. The horror movie is too ___ for me to watch. (用 scared 的适当形式填空) 3. The loud noise ___ me last night. (用 scared 的适当形式填空) 11. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/n. 失败  核心含义：未达到预期目标的状态或事件。  常见搭配：fear of failure（害怕失败）、a failure in sth.（某事的失败）  例句：Failure is the mother of success.  拓展：动词形式为 fail（失败；不及格）  练习题 1. Don't be afraid of ___. It can teach you a lot. A. fail B. failure C. failing D. failed 2. He ___ the exam because he didn't study hard. (用 fail 的适当形式填空) 3. The plan was a ___, so we need to make a new one. A. fail B. failure C. failing D. failed 12. program /ˈprəʊɡræm/v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目  核心含义：动词指设计计算机程序；名词指计算机程序或电视节目。  常见搭配：program a computer（编写计算机程序）、a TV program（电视节目）  例句：He likes to program in his free time.  拓展：名词形式为 programmer（程序员）  练习题 1. My brother is a computer ___. He can ___ many kinds of software. (用 program 的适当形式填空) 2. What's your favorite TV ___? A. program B. programmer C. programming D. programs 3. He spent two hours ___ the new app. (用 program 的适当形式填空) 13. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/n. 诗  核心含义：有节奏、有韵律的文学作品。  常见搭配：write a poem（写诗）、a beautiful poem（一首优美的诗）  例句：The little boy wrote a poem for his mother's birthday.  拓展：名词形式为 poet（诗人）、poetry（诗歌，总称）  练习题 1. She read us a ___ about nature. A. poetry B. poet C. poem D. poetic 2. Li Bai was a famous ___ in ancient China. (用 poem 的适当形式填空) 3. I like reading ___ written by Xu Zhimo. A. poem B. poems C. poetry D. poets 14. strict /strɪkt/adj. 严格的；严厉的  核心含义：对人或事要求高，不放松。  常见搭配：be strict with sb.（对某人严格）、be strict in sth.（对某事严格）  例句：Our teacher is strict with us in our study.  拓展：副词形式为 strictly（严格地）  练习题 1. My parents are very ___ with me about my homework. A. strict B. stricted C. strictly D. strictness 2. The school is ___ in its rules. (用 strict 的适当形式填空) 3. We must follow the rules ___. (用 strict 的适当形式填空) 15. deal /diːl/n. 交易，协议；v. 对付；处理  核心含义：名词指达成的协议；动词指处理问题或应对某人。  常见搭配：make a deal（达成协议）、deal with（处理；对付）  例句：We need to deal with the problem at once.  拓展：过去式和过去分词均为 dealt  练习题 1. He made a ___ with his partner about the project. A. deal B. deals C. dealing D. dealt 2. How do you ___ with the difficult situation? (用 deal 的适当形式填空) 3. She ___ with the company last week. (用 deal 的适当形式填空)  1. scared of 害怕，恐惧  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，相当于 afraid of。  例句：The little boy is scared of dogs.  拓展：be scared to do sth. 表示 “害怕做某事”  练习题 1. She is scared ___ snakes. A. to B. of C. with D. for 2. My sister is scared of ___ alone at night. (用 stay 的适当形式填空) 2. give up 放弃  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，指停止做某事或放弃某物。  例句：Never give up and you will succeed.  拓展：give up doing sth. 表示 “放弃做某事”  练习题 1. He decided to give ___ smoking for his health. A. up B. off C. out D. away 2. My teacher told me not to give up ___ English. (用 learn 的适当形式填空) 3. so far 到目前为止  核心用法：常与现在完成时连用，指从过去到现在的时间段。  例句：So far, we have finished half of the work.  拓展：同义短语有 up to now  练习题 1. ___ far, I have made many friends in this school. A. In B. On C. So D. By 2. We ___ no news from him so far. (用 have 的适当形式填空) 4. get over 克服（困难）  核心用法：后接名词或代词，指战胜困难或从疾病中恢复。  例句：She finally got over her fear of speaking in public.  拓展：get over sth. 表示 “克服某事”；get over sb. 表示 “忘记某人”  练习题 1. It is not easy to get ___ the difficulties. A. out B. on C. up D. over 2. He needs time to get over ___ illness. (用 he 的适当形式填空) 5. express feelings 表达感情  核心用法：express 后接名词作宾语，feelings 常用复数形式表示 “感情”。  例句：Writing diaries is a good way to express feelings.  拓展：express one's feelings 表示 “表达某人的感情”  练习题 1. We should learn to express our ___ to our family. A. feeling B. feelings C. feel D. felt 2. She uses music to express ___ (she) feelings. 6. a sense of achievement 成就感  核心用法：a sense of + 名词，表示 “一种…… 的感觉”。  例句：Winning the game gave me a strong sense of achievement.  拓展：a sense of happiness（幸福感）、a sense of humor（幽默感）  练习题 1. Finishing the task on time gave us a sense of ___. A. achieve B. achievement C. achieved D. achieving 2. She has a strong sense of ___ (achieve) when she helps others. 7. deal with stress 应对压力  核心用法：deal with 表示 “处理；应对”，stress 是不可数名词。  例句：Doing exercise is a good way to deal with stress.  拓展：deal with 还可表示 “与…… 打交道”  练习题 1. We need to learn how to deal ___ stress in our daily life. A. with B. in C. on D. at 2. She deals with stress by ___ (listen) to music. 8. dream of 梦想；渴望  核心用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，指向往某事或成为某人。  例句：He dreams of becoming a famous singer.  拓展：同义短语有 dream about  练习题 1. She dreams ___ traveling around the world. A. with B. to C. for D. of 2. My brother dreams of ___ (be) a scientist in the future. 9. once in a while 偶尔；间或  核心用法：在句中作状语，相当于 sometimes。  例句：I go to the cinema once in a while.  拓展：同义短语有 from time to time  练习题 1. We should visit our grandparents once ___ a while. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. He eats junk food once in a while, ___ (do) he? (反义疑问句填空) 10. reduce stress 减轻压力  核心用法：reduce 是动词，意为 “减少；减轻”，后接名词作宾语。  例句：Listening to soft music can help us reduce stress.  拓展：reduce 的名词形式是 reduction  练习题 1. Doing yoga is a good way to reduce ___. A. stressful B. stressed C. stress D. stresses 2. We can reduce stress by ___ (take) a walk every day. 11. give it a go 试一试  核心用法：口语化表达，相当于 have a try。  例句：I have never played tennis before, but I want to give it a go.  拓展：give sth. a go 表示 “试一试某事”  练习题 1. Why not give ___ a go? You may like it. A. it B. them C. this D. that 2. She decided to give ___ (swim) a go this summer vacation. 12. in return 作为回报  核心用法：在句中作状语，指作为对某事的报答。  例句：I gave him a gift in return for his help.  拓展：in return for 表示 “作为对…… 的回报”  练习题 1. He helped me a lot, and I gave him a book ___ return. A. for B. in C. on D. with 2. She sent me a postcard in return for ___ (I) help. 1. Teng Fei usually programs in his room every evening.  句意翻译：滕飞通常每天晚上都在自己的房间里编程。  句型结构：主语（Teng Fei）+ 频度副词（usually）+ 谓语动词（programs）+ 地点状语（in his room）+ 时间状语（every evening）  关键知识点：频度副词 usually 放在实义动词前；program 此处作动词，意为 “编写程序”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：我通常每天早上读英语。  I usually ___ English every morning. 2. Yaming does calligraphy to relax after study.  句意翻译：亚明学习后练书法来放松。  句型结构：主语（Yaming）+ 谓语动词（does）+ 宾语（calligraphy）+ 目的状语（to relax）+ 时间状语（after study）  关键知识点：动词不定式 to relax 作目的状语，表 “做某事的目的”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：她去图书馆看书。  She goes to the library ___ books. 3. Maya started collecting postcards when she was five.  句意翻译：玛雅五岁的时候就开始收集明信片了。  句型结构：主语（Maya）+ 谓语动词（started）+ 宾语（collecting postcards）+ 时间状语从句（when she was five）  关键知识点：start doing sth. 表示 “开始做某事”；when 引导时间状语从句。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他十岁时开始学钢琴。  He started ___ the piano when he was ten. 4. Emma used to be scared of ice skating, but she practiced and now skates smoothly.  句意翻译：艾玛过去害怕滑冰，但她不断练习，现在已经能滑得很自如了。  句型结构：并列句，前半句（Emma used to be scared of ice skating）+ 转折连词（but）+ 后半句（she practiced and now skates smoothly）  关键知识点：used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事”；but 表转折关系。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：他过去很胖，但现在瘦了。  He ___ to be fat, but now he is thin. 5. Why don’t you try calligraphy? It’s relaxing and helps learn Chinese culture.  句意翻译：你为什么不试试书法呢？书法既令人放松，又能帮助你了解中国文化。  句型结构：提建议句型（Why don’t you + 动词原形？）+ 陈述句（It’s relaxing and helps learn Chinese culture）  关键知识点：Why don’t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 表 “建议做某事”。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：你为什么不加入我们呢？  Why don’t you ___ us? 6. Playing the guitar makes Peter feel proud because he can play for friends.  句意翻译：弹吉他让彼得感到很自豪，因为他能为朋友们演奏了。  句型结构：主语（Playing the guitar）+ 谓语动词（makes）+ 宾语（Peter）+ 宾补（feel proud）+ 原因状语从句（because he can play for friends）  关键知识点：动名词短语作主语；make sb. do sth. 表示 “使某人做某事”，宾补用动词原形。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：听音乐让我感到放松。  Listening to music ___ me feel relaxed. 7. What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax.  句意翻译：你空闲时间都做些什么？我吹长笛来放松。  句型结构：特殊疑问句（What + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 状语？）+ 答句（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 目的状语）  关键知识点：what 引导特殊疑问句，询问日常活动；to relax 作目的状语。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：你周末做什么？我打篮球来锻炼身体。  What do you do on weekends? I play basketball ___ exercise. 8. She told me not to give up so easily.  句意翻译：她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。  句型结构：主语（She）+ 谓语动词（told）+ 宾语（me）+ 宾补（not to give up so easily）  关键知识点：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 表示 “告诉某人（不要）做某事”，动词不定式作宾补。  练习题 1. 翻译句子：老师告诉我们不要迟到。  The teacher told us ___ to be late.  1. 基本概念 动词不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形，有时 to 可省略。它属于非谓语动词，不能作谓语，可作宾语补足语、状语、宾语等。 2. 核心用法 分类 用法 例句 作宾语补足语（带 to） 常见动词：want, tell, ask, encourage, allow 等 My mother asks me to clean my room. 作宾语补足语（不带 to） 常见动词：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三使（let, have, make）、四看（see, watch, notice, observe） I saw him play football on the playground. 作目的状语 表动作的目的，可置于句首或句末 He gets up early to catch the first bus. 作结果状语 常见结构：enough to do；too...to do The box is light enough for me to carry. 作原因状语 用在表情感的形容词后（happy, glad, sorry 等） I'm glad to see you. 特殊疑问词 + 不定式 可作主语、宾语等 I don't know when to start. 练习题 1. My teacher encourages us ___ English as much as possible. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 2. I saw him ___ basketball on the playground just now. A. played B. to play C. playing D. play 3. He got up early ___ the early bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 4. The boy is ___ young ___ go to school. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that 5. She doesn't know what ___ next. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 练习题 1. Let me ___ you with your homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 2. The book is interesting enough for us ___ many times. A. read B. to read C. reading D. readed 3. I'm sorry ___ you waiting for a long time. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 4. He decided ___ a new computer. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 5. Can you tell me how ___ to the station? A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Free time is a special gift for students. It helps us relax and grow. I like to spend my free time in many ways. On weekends, I often 1 calligraphy to practice my handwriting. It makes me calm and helps me 2 my stress. Sometimes, I go on an outing with my friends. We walk to the countryside to enjoy the 3 scenery. We talk, laugh and take photos there. It’s a wonderful way to 4 with nature. I also like to write poems to 5 my ideas about life and beauty. My friends say my poems are inspiring and they 6 me a lot. When I feel tired, I do yoga or practice kung fu. These activities keep me 7 and energetic. I know it’s important to 8 a balance between study and hobbies. We should not only study hard but also 9 time to enjoy our free time. If you are stressed, try my ways. You will 10 that relaxing is not a waste of time. It helps you study better and live a happier life. 1．A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice 2．A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 3．A．boring B．terrible C．beautiful D．simple 4．A．connect B．to connect C．connecting D．connected 5．A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed 6．A．inspire B．inspired C．inspiring D．to inspire 7．A．sick B．tired C．healthy D．angry 8．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 9．A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 10．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 二、语法选择 Having a pet brings so much joy to my life. I have a 11 little cat called Mia. Every evening, I brush 12 soft fur and play with her using a feather wand. I know that playing with her is 13 for her mental health. I often give her catnip treats, 14 she always curls up beside me after that. I don’t let her eat too many snacks, 15 my mom says they can make her sick. On weekends, I help my grandma 16 Mia’s bed and put fresh blankets in it. We make simple 17 meals for her with fish and vegetables. The food is 18 and full of vitamins. I think having a pet makes us 19 and more patient. Do you have a cute pet? 20 you spend time with it every day? 11．A．lovely B．lovelier C．lovelily 12．A．she B．her C．hers 13．A．bad B．good C．better 14．A．or B．so C．but 15．A．because B．so C．but 16．A．clean B．cleaning C．to cleaning 17．A．healthily B．healthy C．healthier 18．A．taste B．tasty C．tastes 19．A．happiness B．happy C．happily 20．A．Are B．Do C．Can 三、阅读理解 A What do you usually do in your free time? Last month, we asked 100 students about their free-time activities. Here are the results. ①How often do you watch TV?           ②How often do you surf the Internet?              ③ How many times a week do you exercise?           ④How often do you help to do housework?              21．How many students often watch TV? A．3. B．24. C．33. D．40. 22．According to the second chart (图表), _______ of the students surf the Internet every day. A．4% B．22% C．26% D．48% 23．According to the third chart, 25% of the students do exercise _______. A．every day B．once or twice a week C．three to five times a week D．six times a week 24．Which activity is not mentioned? A．Reading. B．Watching TV. C．Exercising. D．Doing housework. 25．Which of the following is right? A．Fifty students often do housework. B．The survey is about students’ studies. C．About 15% of the students never exercise. D．They did the survey among 100 students. B After I became a mother, I couldn’t remember the last time I had time for myself. Even my simple hobby of reading a book became a thing of the past. I spent all my time taking care of the family, doing chores, and of course, working to make a living. I was really tired and hoped for “me-time”. When I said “me-time”, I only meant having an hour of quietness, such as listening to music, reading a book, or watching a movie, without being troubled by my kids. Soon I had a chance to travel to a new country all by myself! My husband and kids would have to follow at a later date. Now, I am alone in an apartment. Finally, I can do whatever I want and keep the house clean and tidy. I am happy because I can read my favourite books and do all that I want to do. But gradually, I feel a little lonely. I miss my kids and my husband. I feel something in me is missing. Now I realize that making time for myself doesn’t mean being away from those I love. I can still have “me-time” even if the kids are around. I will change my attitude (态度) to chores and other things. Life won’t be meaningful or wonderful without the people I love around me. Now I am looking forward to seeing them soon. 26．Which of the following is the writer’s “me-time” according to Paragraph 2? A． B． C． D． 27．Why did the writer want to have “me-time”? A．Because her kids always made the house dirty. B．Because she wanted to visit a new country by herself. C．Because she was sick and tired of working to make a living. D．Because she wanted to enjoy some time that was hers completely. 28．How did the writer’s feelings change? A．unhappy→lonely→happy B．lonely→happy→bored C．tired→happy →lonely D．unhappy→relaxed→excited 29．What can we know from the passage? A．The writer expects to stay with her family now. B．The writer enjoys her life in a new country. C．The writer likes the life of doing chores better. D．Life won’t be perfect without chores or other small things. 30．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Happiness comes from doing things for those we love. B．Life of not taking care of children is really relaxing. C．Travelling by ourselves is a wonderful experience. D．“Me-time” plays an important role in everyone’s life. 13 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $