现在分词语法知识点（作状语、定语、表语、宾补及其完成时、被动式）导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

现在分词语法知识点（作状语、定语、表语、宾补及其完成时、被动式） Part1. 现在分词作状语 一．现在分词主动形式的肯定和否定： 肯定 否定  doing  not doing 二．现在分词作状语：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或几乎同时发生。且它逻辑上的主 语一般必须与主句的主语一致。 e.g. When he was walking along the street, he found a pen. =Walking along the street, he found a pen. (同时发生) 在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。 As soon as my friend returned home, he learned that the police had been to his flat. =Returning home, my friend learned that the police had been to his flat. (几乎同时发生) 我朋友一到家，就知道警察已经来过他的公寓了。 Practice: 1. When he sat in the park, he found a boy crying. (改成现在分词作状语) _______________ in the park, he found a boy crying. 2. The students followed their teacher. The students went into the classroom. （用现在分词作状语合并句子） __________________________________________________________ 3. _________________ (hear) the news, they all danced for joy. 4. _________________ (not know) what to do, he turned to me for help. 答案: 1. Sitting 2. Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom. 3. Hearing 4. Not knowing 三．现在分词或现在分词短语作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随状况等。 1．作时间状语 eg: 1) When the students heard the bell, they went into the classroom. =Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom. Note: 分词表示时间，为了强调，有时在分词前加while, when, on, unless 等词。 eg: When/While looking through the paper, I noticed a few mistakes. On hearing the good news, we went to a restaurant to cheer our winning. Practice: 1. When __________________(经过) a liquid or solid, sound is changed into heat. 2. While ________________(走在街上), he met his old friend by accident. 答案: 1. passing through 2. walking in the street 2. 作原因状语 eg. As I thought he might be at home, I telephoned him. = Thinking he might be at home, I telephoned him. Because I saw a robber, I ran away. = Seeing a robber, I ran away. Practice: 1) _________dizzy, the soldier fell from the horse. A. Being feel B. Feeling C. Having felt D. Felt 2) _____ a student, I must study hard. A. Being B. I was C. Having been D. Been 3) _______ what to say, I have to keep silent. A. Having not known B. Not knowing C. Having known D. Not known 答案: B A B 3. 作条件状语 If you stay here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly. =Staying here for some time, you’ll find the people here are friendly. If you take this medicine, you will recover soon. =Taking this medicine, you will recover soon. Practice: 1. If __________ my essay for me, you will get a cup of coffee I made. A. typed B. type C. being typed D. typing 2. _________the water, we can changer it into vapor. A. Heating B. Being heated C. Heated D. Having heated 答案: 1. D 2. A 4. 作伴随状语 eg: She sat in a sofa and watched TV. =She sat in a sofa, watching TV. He stood there and cried. =He stood there, crying. Practice: 1. The children ran out of the classroom, ________________________(laugh and talk) happily. 2. During the day, tigers usually lie ___________ ( rest). 答案: 1. laughing and talking 2. resting 5. 作方式状语 ( 通常放在动词 stand , go , come , sit，解释动作发生的方式 ) eg: He stood leaning against the wall They came running into the room. Practice: 1. The little boy came ______ ( run) and told us the good news. 2. The soldier came ________ ( ride) a horse. 答案: 1. running 2. riding 6. 作结果状语 eg: He got up late this morning, so he missed the early bus. He got up late this morning, (thus) missing the early bus. Practice: 1. Football is played in over 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. made B. makes C. making D. having made 2. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _____ the delay. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. which caused 答案: 1. C 2. C 7. 作让步状语 eg: 1.Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. = ( Although ) working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food. Practice: 1. Though _____ the flood, the villagers did what they could to fight it. A. suffering B. suffered C. suffering from D. suffered from 2. ________ hard all the time, he still feels unhappy. A. Working B. Worked C. To work D. Having been worked 答案: 1. A 2. A Exercise I. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms. 1. The children ran out of the class, ________ (laugh) and ________ (talk) merrily. 2. I stood by the door, ________ (not dare) to say a word. 3. ________ (not know) how to work out the difficult physics problem, Jack asked the teacher for help. 4. Don’t be careless when ________ (have) an exam. 5. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus ________ (cause) the delay. 6. _________________ (follow) their teacher, the students went into the classroom. 7. There I stood, ________ (look) up at Sydney’s Harbor Bridge ---- one of the most famous bridges in the world. 8. I stayed up all night ________ (try) to find a new solution to the problem. 9. ________ (be) more careful, we can make fewer mistakes. 10. The children looked at us, _______(feel) confused. II. Choose the best answer. 1. We walked as fast as we could, ________ to catch the 9:30 train. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. being hoped 2. ________ to the right, and you will find the Great Museum on your left. A. Turing B. Turn C. Turning D. Having turned 3. Running in the rain, ________. A. I fell in a stone B. a stone blocked me C. a stone caused me to fall D. I was fallen on a stone 4. ________, one needs much practice. A. To learn swimming well B. To learn to swim well C. Swimming to be learned well D. Learning swim well 5. After ________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A. being interviewed B. interviewed C. interviewing D. having interviewed 6. The computer works very fast, ________ data at the speed of light. A. having handled B. handling C. handled D. handles 答案: I. 1. laughing, talking 2. not daring 3. Not knowing 4. having 5. causing 6. Following 7. looking 8. trying 9. Being 10. feeling II. 1~6 ABABCB Grammar & Structure Part2.现在分词作定语 I. 现在分词作定语一般表示正在进行的动作或者表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在（当时）的状态。在意义上和定语从句一样。 eg. Did you see the girl dancing with your sister? 你看到了和你妹妹跳舞的女孩吗？ = Did you see the girl who was dancing with your sister? We lived in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。 = We lived in a room that faced the south. II. 现在分词作定语时的位置 单个现在分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词之前。现在分词短语则通常放在被修饰的名词之后。 eg. developing countries 发展中国家 the boy playing basketball on the playground 在操场上打篮球的男孩子 I am reading a very interesting novel.我正在读一本非常有趣的小说。 Most of the young teachers working in this university are Ph.D. 在这所大学工作的大多数年轻教师都是博士。 　 III. 有些作定语的现在分词事实上已经被形容词化了。 eg. boiling water 沸水 walking miracle 活奇迹 IV. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。 e.g. The bridge having been built over there is the biggest one in the city. (X ) (分词完成式不作定语) V. 分词短语常可以代替定语从句，但如果从句中谓语动词不是表示主动、进行等，则不能用分词短语 eg. Could you tell me something that happened on the campus yesterday? (√) Could you tell me something happening/ happened on the campus yesterday? (X ) Exercise Choose the best answer. 1. When I got back home /I saw a message /(pinned别住，钉住 to the door)/ _____ “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 2. The picture（_____ on the wall ）is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 3. The bell （____ the end of the period ）rang, ____ our heated discussion. A. indicating;表明，显示 interrupting状语，表结果 B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 4. All the students got ____ at the ____ lecture. A. annoying; bored B. annoyed; boring C. annoying; boring D. annoyed; bored 5. The gentleman _____ us right now is our family friend. A. visiting B. visited C. who will visit D. having visited 6. It was raining cats and dogs下倾盆大雨 when they went along the path（_____ to the front）. A. led B. leading C. to lead D. leads 7. Some words, such as “cock”, should be carefully used in ______ countries. A. English-speaking B. English-spoken C. speaking-English D. spoken-English 8. Little Tom was found ____ in _____ problems. A. interested; puzzling B. interesting; puzzling C. interesting; puzzled D. interested; puzzled 9. He was just about to即将做…，决计要… jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet. A. to move     B. move     C. moving    D. moved 10. The discussion __________ about the new policy in the hall now is worth listening to. A. being held B. held C. holding D. to hold 答案: 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C 10.A Grammar & Structure Part3.现在分词作表语和宾语补足语 一、现在分词做表语→主语的情况 现在分词具有主动和进行的意义，尤其是表示情感心理的动词的现在分词，意为“使人…，令人…”。 e.g. What he said was touching. The job was so tiring that none of us could finish it alone. 二、现在分词做宾语补足语→根据宾语的情况 现在分词一般在以下动词后作宾补： 1. 表示“使役”“致使”类动词。其形式为： 动词+宾语+现在分词。这类动词有： have, get, catch, set, leave, keep, start, send等 。 e.g. The shot sent the birds flying in all directions.这一声枪响使鸟群四散而飞。 His joke started us laughing. He kept us waiting for so long that some of us began to get impatient. 2. 表示 “感觉” 类的动词。其形式为：动词+宾语+现在分词。这类动词有： see, observe, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等。 e.g. Did you smell something burning? I felt something crawling up my arm. He was seen leaving the building with a large parcel.包裹 When he got home, he found the house broken into and some valuable jewelry missing.be missing=be lost 注意：这类感官动词既可以用分词做宾补，又可以用不带to 的不定式作宾补，但两者有含义上的差别。 1） 现在分词作这些动词的宾语补足语, 表示动作的进行；不带to的不定式作这些动词的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成。 e.g. I heard her playing the violin when I woke up. I don't see the ball break the window. 2） 现在分词作这些动词的宾语补足语，表示动作的反复；不带to的不定式作这些动词的宾语补足语，表示一次性动作。例如： e.g. I saw the cat jump onto the table. （一次性动作） I heard him coughing in the next door the whole night. （反复动作） Practice: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb given. 1. Alien said that his trip was _____ (interest). 2. Father has his son _____ (do) homework all afternoon.doing让某人持续做某事，强调是动作持续性，连续性或反复性。 3. He was last seen _____ (play) near the river. 4. Climbing mountains was _____ (tire), so we all felt ______(tire). 5. The teacher often caught him _____ (doze) off in class. 打瞌睡，尤其是指白天。 答案: 1. interesting 2. doing 3. playing 4. tiring, tired 5. dozing Exercise Choose the best answer. 1. While _____ football on the playground, I found my keys _____. be missing=be lost A. playing, missing B. play, missing C. played, being missed D. having played, missed 2. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away. A. to see, take B. having seen, to take C. to see, to take D. having seen, take 3. She was noticed _____ the shop. Notice sb do/doing sth A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered Notice sb. do/doing sth. Sb be noticed to do. 4. Time _____, they'll come here to watch us _____ football. Time permitting=if time is permitted A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play 5. The man was seen _____ into偷偷潜入 the courtyard庭院、院子. A. stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen 6. Those relatives亲戚 are so _____ that结果状语 I don’t want to have any dealing with them. A. boring 人或事物本身B. bored C. bore D. being bored 7. –Where’s my bag? --I thought I left it _____ with my coat. A. hanging B. hanged C. hang D. being hanged hanging状态 “悬挂、挂着“→vi→ing 动作 “挂上去“→vt 8. To the students _____, the new teacher felt very nervous to say anything, with hands slightly _____. A. concerned. with… shaken B. concerned…shaking 担心担忧 C. concerned with…shaking对…感兴趣的 D. concerned…shaken 9. _____ which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time .不时，有时 A. Leaving to wonder B. Having left to wonder C. Left wondering the boy was left wondering which way… D. left to wonder Leave sb doing sth.让某人保持某种动作或状态 Leave sb to do sth.听任某人做某事。未发生或者即将发生的事情。 10. Of the 1,000 women drivers _____ since the beginning of the year, 23% were found _____ in road knowledge. A. tested被动完成…lacking 主语补足语，主动 B. testing… lacking C. having been tested… to lack D. to have been tested…lacked 11. It is not _____ that he failed to pass the exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprised D. to surprise 12. The report was so _____ that they were all _____. A. Inspiring…exciting B. inspiring… excited C. inspired… excited D. inspired… exciting 13. Why do you stand and watch the milk _____. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 14. I’ve heard him ______ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 15. Walking along the river, we heard someone _____ for help. A. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 16. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart _____. A. jumping B. beating C. bumping D. knocking 17. I can’t _____ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 18. He kept me _____ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited 答案: 1-5 A DACA 6-10 AABCA 11-15 BBACA 16-18 BCC Grammar & Structure Part4. 现在分词的完成式和被动式 I. 现在分词完成式：表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成。 形式 肯定 否定 完成式 having done not having done e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk. =Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk. 在做完作业之后，他出去散步了。 After we had been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. =Having been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. 在参观了博物馆之后，我们回到了宾馆。 Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a lot. 由于很久没收到儿子的来信，母亲很担心。 II. 现在分词的被动语态： 肯定 否定  being done  not being done  having been done  not having been done e.g. After we were taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look. =Having been taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look. Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t leave. 别人请我留下，我就不好再离开了。 This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory. 　这是我们实验室里正在进行的实验之一。 注：现在分词的被动语态being done 既表示这个动作的被动，也表示这个动作正在进行。 如仅仅表示这个动作的被动和已经完成，则要用过去分词。 e.g. The suggestion being discussed was put forward by Mr. Li. 正在讨论的这个建议是李先生提出来的。 The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great importance. 昨天会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 Exercise Choose the best answer. 1. _____ around, she saw an ambulance 救护车driving up.开车赶到 A. To turn B. Turned C. Turning D. Having turned 2. _____ in the factory for many years, he knew it very well. A. Having worked B. Worked C. Work D. Working 3. Deeply _____ , I thanked him again and again. A. touched B. touch C. touching D. to touch 4. ______ the windows and the door, the students left the room. A. Being closed B. Closed C. Having closed D. To close 5. _____ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest peak. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Told D. Telling 6. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Having suffered 7. Returning to the room, _____ . A. the book was lost B. I found the book missing C. the book was missing D. the book was found missing 8. _____ , don’t tell anyone your personal information. （暗含主语是you） A. When asking B. To ask C. If asked=if (you are) asked D. Asking 9. _____, none of the boys dared swim in that river. A. Having warned B. Been warned C. Having warning D. Having been warned 10. _____ that some guests were coming, they got the room ready. A. Having told B. Telling C. Having been told D. To tell 11. ______ in such a hurry, his composition作文/作品/构成 has many mistakes. A. Having been written B. Writing C. Having written D. As writing 12. ______ his exercise books, he was scolded责骂 by the teacher. A. Not handing in B. Not having handed in C. Having not handed in D. Handing not in 13. With time _____ by, our school will become more and more beautiful. A. to pass B. past C. passed D. passing With time passing by/With time going by=As time passes by/As time goes by 14. _____ in Shanghai for many years, he knew the city very well. A. Lived B. Living C. Having lived D. Having living 15. _____ news, she couldn’t help ______ into tears. A. Exciting at the exciting; bursting B. Excited at the excited; burst C. Exciting at the excited; burst D. Excited at the exciting; bursting 16. When _____ why he was late for school, the little boy just looked at the teacher and said nothing. A. being asked B. asking C. asked （the boy was） D. to be asked 17. After _____ to the audience, the visiting professor began his lecture. A. being introduced B. introduced C. introducing D. having introduced 18. He left the reading room without _____. A. seeing B. being seen C. seen D. to be seen 19. _____ 200 kilos, the box is too heavy for the children to lift.. A. Weighed B. Weighing+数字（vi） C. Having weighed D. Being weighed 20. After the Arab states won independence独立, great emphasis强调 was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys____ to go to school. 　　A. to be encouraged B. been encouraged C. being encouraged D. be encouraged 21. Corn谷物/玉米 originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____ in Cuba. A. being cultivated 耕/培育/建立获得/逐渐形成 B. been cultivated C. having cultivated D. cultivating 22. The editorial社论 ____ now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper. 　　A. writing B. to write C. being written D. write 23. All the exam papers ____, the teacher sent the class home. A. having been handed in B. having hands in C. handing in 　　 D. being handed in 答案: 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. A 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $