Unit8 现在完成时（2）-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练

该初中英语知识清单聚焦人教版八年级下册Unit8现在完成时（2），在回顾核心结构及基础用法后，重点梳理for与since的用法辨析、延续性与非延续性动词转换规则、How long引导的特殊疑问句等进阶知识点，构建从基础到难点的学习支架。 知识链路以“基础回顾—难点突破—语境应用—易错警示”逻辑展开，通过对比表格呈现动词转换，结合主题语境例句强化理解。配套中考真题及分层精练题，助力学生在真实语言情境中提升语言运用能力，培养辨析与解决问题的思维品质，落实新课标核心素养要求。

新教材八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练（人教版2024） Unit8 现在完成时（2） 语法精讲 一、回顾：现在完成时核心基础 1. 核心结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（三单用has，其余用have） 2. 两大核心用法： （1）过去动作对现在的影响/结果（标志：already/just/ever/never/yet）； （2）过去动作持续至今（标志：for/since/How long） 3. 单元高频过去分词： read→read, find→found, see→seen, go→gone/been, do→done, live→lived 二、关键时间状语：for & since 用法辨析（必背） 1. for + 时间段 表动作持续的时长，后接数字+时间名词（无具体时间点） ✅ 例句：I have kept the book for two weeks. ✅ 常见搭配：for 3 days/for 5 years/for a long time 2. since + 时间点/一般过去时从句 表动作开始的具体时间，后接具体时间/过去式句子 ✅ 例句1：She has loved reading since 2020.（时间点） ✅ 例句2：We have studied English since we came to this school.（过去式从句） 3. 同义转换（高频考点） for + 时间段 ↔ since + 时间段 + ago ✅ 例：I have kept it for 3 days. = I have kept it since 3 days ago. 三、核心难点：延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词（Unit8重点） 1. 延续性动词（可接for/since） 表动作能持续进行，后可直接加for/since， 高频词：keep（保留）、live（居住）、study（学习）、have（拥有）、know（认识）、read（阅读） ✅ 例句：He has read this novel for 3 hours. 2. 非延续性动词（不可接for/since） 也叫瞬间动词，动作发生后立即结束，不能与for/since连用， 高频词：borrow（借）、buy（买）、finish（完成）、begin（开始）、join（加入） ❌ 错误：I have borrowed the book for a week. ✅ 修正：需转换为对应延续性动词 3. 高频瞬间动词→延续性动词转换（常考） 瞬间动词 延续性动词 例句转换 borrow keep I have kept the book for a week. buy have She has had this pen since 2023. finish be over The class has been over for 10 minutes. begin/start be on The story has been on for 5 minutes. join be in He has been in the reading club for 2 years. 4. 瞬间动词若不想转换动词，可改时态/句式，避开for/since： ✅ 方式1：It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时 例：It is a week since I borrowed the book. ✅ 方式2：时间段 + ago + 一般过去时 例：I borrowed the book a week ago. 四、高频考法：How long 引导的特殊疑问句 专门提问动作持续的时间，答语必须用for/since，且动词需为延续性 结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 延续性动词过去分词 + 其他？ 例句： —How long have you kept this storybook? —I have kept it for two months. ❌ 注意：How long 后不能接瞬间动词！ 五、主题语境例句（贴合阅读话题） 1. I have kept Treasure Island for three days.（borrow转换为keep） 2. She has read English novels since she was 10 years old. 3. How long have you been in the school reading club?（join转换为be in） 4. They have had these reading books since last month.（buy转换为have） 六、易错点盘点（3大高频） 1. 瞬间动词直接接for/since：看到for/since先判断动词类型，瞬间动词必须转换； 2. for/since混用：记准“for表时长，since表起点”，不可互换； 3. How long后用瞬间动词：How long提问持续时间，后接动词必须为延续性。 中考真题 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 2．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 4．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 5．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 6．（2024·山东青岛·中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use. A．unless B．since C．if D．when 7．（2024·辽宁丹东·中考真题）We ________ friends since I came to this school. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 8．（2024·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out. A．has been successful B．is successful C．was successful D．will be successful 9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 10．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert ________ since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 11．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 12．（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）Her grandfather_______ a car in 2007. He_____ the car for 10 years. A．buys; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 13．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）— Please look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. — Wow, they are fantastic! A．have kept B．have bought C．borrowed D．kept 14．（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）My father ________ my mother fifteen years ago, so far they ________ for fifteen years . A．married; married B．has married; has been married C．married; have been married D．have married; married 15．（2023·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—How long ________ you ________ in Liping, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 2．—When will your sister go to the UK? —She ________ London since four months ago. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been to D．has been in 3．—How long have you ________ the dictionary? —For two weeks. A．had B．bought C．borrowed D．got 4．Hurry up! The match for ten minutes. A．has begun B．had begun C．has been on D．began 5．Linda a lot since I saw her last time A．has changed B．willchange C．is changing D．changed 6．— The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it? —On July 7th. I________ it for a week. A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．buy 7．—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please! —What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It___________ for a while. A．has been over B．was over C．has finished D．finished 8．—What do you usually do in your spare time? —I often go to our community library. It ________ for two years in order to encourage us to read more. A．opens B．has opened C．has been opened D．has been open 9．—________  have you kept this book? —For two months. A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How often 10．-Excuse me ,when did you leave Jinzhou？ -In August ,2017．I _____ for about two years． A．have left B．left C．have been away D．was away 11．I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. Never mind.I_______ here for only a few minutes. A．came B．have been C．have come D．had come 12．Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good! A．has worked B．will work C．worked D．was working 13．He ________ the book from the school library for six days. A．borrowed B．has kept C．has left D．has borrowed 14．Tom has been here ________just one year, but his father has worked here ________ ten years ago. A．since; for B．since; since C．for; since D．for; / 15．—Has your father ___________from Africa yet? —Yes, but he was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A．returned B．come C．gone D．left 二、按要求完成句子 16．Tony has learned to skate since he was eight. (对画线部分提问) Tony learned to skate? 17．Kate’s uncle has taught history for 5 years. (改为同义句) Kate’s uncle has taught history . 18．Hurry up! The movie began ten minutes ago. (改为同义句) Hurry up! The movie for ten minutes. 19．The new library opened last month. I haven’t been there. (合并为一句) The new library since one month ago, but I haven’t been there . 20．I joined the swimming club in 2012. I the swimming club since 2012. 21．Ms. Tao left Beijing three months ago. Ms. Tao Beijing for three months. 22．I have been like this for two days. (改为同义句) I have been like this two days . 23．My grandpa has been in excellent condition since he began to exercise. (对划线部分提问) has your grandpa been in excellent condition? 24．My mother has already swept the floor. (改为否定句) My mother swept the floor . 25．I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I the book for two weeks. 26．Kate has been working here for five years.（对画线部分提问） has Kate working here? 27．I have been playing computer games for two hours.（改为同义句） I have been playing computer games two hours . 28．I no longer live in the countryside.（改为同义句） I don’t live in the countryside . 29．Jack has had his bike for four years.（改为一般疑问句） Jack his bike for four years? 30．Mr. Smith is in China. He arrived here three days ago.（合并为一句） Mr. Smith China three days. 三、短文填空 根据材料内容及括号内所给词的提示填。 Dear Lucy, How is everything in London? I 31 (not see) you for so long. I miss you very much. Since last summer I 32 (stay) in Beijing, China. Last month I 33 (start) to learn Chinese. So far I 34 (learn) fifty Chinese words but I keep 35 (forget) them. I think it’s hard to learn Chinese but my sister Linda doesn’t think so. She 36 (begin) to learn Chinese already. She started it last Tuesday. So far, she 37 (remember) forty Chinese words. Linda only 38 (practice) Chinese for an hour a day. However, I spend five hours 39 (practice) Chinese. Her Chinese is better than mine. I feel very sad. Since last night I 40 (spend) all my time practicing Chinese. If I do that every night, I’m sure I will be able to use Chinese freely. Yours Joe 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新教材八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练（人教版2024） Unit8 现在完成时（2） 语法精讲 一、回顾：现在完成时核心基础 1. 核心结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（三单用has，其余用have） 2. 两大核心用法： （1）过去动作对现在的影响/结果（标志：already/just/ever/never/yet）； （2）过去动作持续至今（标志：for/since/How long） 3. 单元高频过去分词： read→read, find→found, see→seen, go→gone/been, do→done, live→lived 二、关键时间状语：for & since 用法辨析（必背） 1. for + 时间段 表动作持续的时长，后接数字+时间名词（无具体时间点） ✅ 例句：I have kept the book for two weeks. ✅ 常见搭配：for 3 days/for 5 years/for a long time 2. since + 时间点/一般过去时从句 表动作开始的具体时间，后接具体时间/过去式句子 ✅ 例句1：She has loved reading since 2020.（时间点） ✅ 例句2：We have studied English since we came to this school.（过去式从句） 3. 同义转换（高频考点） for + 时间段 ↔ since + 时间段 + ago ✅ 例：I have kept it for 3 days. = I have kept it since 3 days ago. 三、核心难点：延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词（Unit8重点） 1. 延续性动词（可接for/since） 表动作能持续进行，后可直接加for/since， 高频词：keep（保留）、live（居住）、study（学习）、have（拥有）、know（认识）、read（阅读） ✅ 例句：He has read this novel for 3 hours. 2. 非延续性动词（不可接for/since） 也叫瞬间动词，动作发生后立即结束，不能与for/since连用， 高频词：borrow（借）、buy（买）、finish（完成）、begin（开始）、join（加入） ❌ 错误：I have borrowed the book for a week. ✅ 修正：需转换为对应延续性动词 3. 高频瞬间动词→延续性动词转换（常考） 瞬间动词 延续性动词 例句转换 borrow keep I have kept the book for a week. buy have She has had this pen since 2023. finish be over The class has been over for 10 minutes. begin/start be on The story has been on for 5 minutes. join be in He has been in the reading club for 2 years. 4. 瞬间动词若不想转换动词，可改时态/句式，避开for/since： ✅ 方式1：It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时 例：It is a week since I borrowed the book. ✅ 方式2：时间段 + ago + 一般过去时 例：I borrowed the book a week ago. 四、高频考法：How long 引导的特殊疑问句 专门提问动作持续的时间，答语必须用for/since，且动词需为延续性 结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 延续性动词过去分词 + 其他？ 例句： —How long have you kept this storybook? —I have kept it for two months. ❌ 注意：How long 后不能接瞬间动词！ 五、主题语境例句（贴合阅读话题） 1. I have kept Treasure Island for three days.（borrow转换为keep） 2. She has read English novels since she was 10 years old. 3. How long have you been in the school reading club?（join转换为be in） 4. They have had these reading books since last month.（buy转换为have） 六、易错点盘点（3大高频） 1. 瞬间动词直接接for/since：看到for/since先判断动词类型，瞬间动词必须转换； 2. for/since混用：记准“for表时长，since表起点”，不可互换； 3. How long后用瞬间动词：How long提问持续时间，后接动词必须为延续性。 中考真题 1．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 2．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 3．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 4．（2024·河北·中考真题）Alex ________ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 5．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Do you know anything about One Belt One Road? —Yes, it ________ over 10 years since it started. A．was B．had been C．has D．has been 6．（2024·山东青岛·中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use. A．unless B．since C．if D．when 7．（2024·辽宁丹东·中考真题）We ________ friends since I came to this school. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 8．（2024·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out. A．has been successful B．is successful C．was successful D．will be successful 9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 10．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert ________ since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 11．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month. A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 12．（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）Her grandfather_______ a car in 2007. He_____ the car for 10 years. A．buys; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 13．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）— Please look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. — Wow, they are fantastic! A．have kept B．have bought C．borrowed D．kept 14．（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）My father ________ my mother fifteen years ago, so far they ________ for fifteen years . A．married; married B．has married; has been married C．married; have been married D．have married; married 15．（2023·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—How long ________ you ________ in Liping, Mr Green? —Since last month. A．did; come B．do; come C．have; come D．have; been 参考答案 1．B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。 考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 2．B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 3．D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 4．C 【详解】句意：Alex自从2010年来到中国开始研究茶文化。 考查现在完成时。根据“Alex ... tea culture since he came to China in 2010.”可知，强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，此处用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 5．D 【详解】句意：——你知道“一带一路”吗？——知道，从开始到现在已经有10多年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“it ... over 10 years since it started”可知，此处强调时间的延续，是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，故选D。 6．B 【详解】句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；since自从；if如果；when当……时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot ... the subway was put into use.”可知从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。 7．D 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。 考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，故选D。 8．A 【详解】句意：《流浪地球2》自上映以来就大获成功。 考查动词的时态。根据“since it came out”可知，句子应该用现在完成时。故选A。 9．D 【详解】句意：我来中国三个月了，这是我第一次穿汉服。 考查动词短语。have gone to去了（而且现在还在）某地；have been to去过了（而现在没在）某地； have arrived in已经到了，短暂性动词； have been in（现在）在某地。根据“for three months”可知，应是在中国三个月了，且应与延续性动词连用，故选D。 10．D 【详解】句意：——迈克，你为什么这么晚才来？音乐会半小时前就结束了。——真遗憾！难怪所有的歌手都走了。 考查现在完成时和词义辨析。end结束；be on上演；start开始；be over结束。根据“since half an hour ago”可知，此处应使用现在完成时且需要延续性动词，排除AC；根据“No wonder all the singers have left.”可知，歌手都走了，所以音乐会结束了。故选D。 11．C 【详解】句意：——我可以和王丽说话吗？——对不起，她不在家。从上个月开始，她就离开了。 考查时态。根据“since last month”可知句子应使用现在完成时have/has done，排除AD；且此处应用延续性动词，而left“离开”是非延续动词，排除B。故选C。 12．B 【详解】句意：她的祖父在2007年买了一辆车。这辆车他已经买了10年了。 考查动词时态。根据“in 2007”可知，第一个句子用一般过去时。第二个句子中for+一段时间要与现在完成时一起连用，且动词要用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，have是延续性动词，故选B。 13．A 【详解】句意：——看这些邮票，我已经拥有它们五年了。——哇，它们好极了。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间短语“for five years”可知，该句为现在完成时态，结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词，且句子的动词应为延续性动词。 keep是延续性动词，表示“拥有；保持”。故选A。 14．C 【详解】句意：我父亲和我母亲是15年前结婚的，到目前为止，他们已经结婚15年了。 考查动词时态。根据“fifteen years ago”可知，前半句是一般过去时。for+一段时间要与现在完成时have/has done的结构一起连用，且动词要用延续性动词，marry是短暂性动词，be married是延续性动词，故选C。 15．D 【详解】句意：——格林先生, 你在黎平待了多久了? ——从上个月开始。 考查动词时态。根据“Since last month.”可知，此处的时态为现在完成时，结构为：have/has done；come为短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，要换成be in，be的过去分词为been。故选D。 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 2．—When will your sister go to the UK? —She ________ London since four months ago. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been to D．has been in 3．—How long have you ________ the dictionary? —For two weeks. A．had B．bought C．borrowed D．got 4．Hurry up! The match for ten minutes. A．has begun B．had begun C．has been on D．began 5．Linda a lot since I saw her last time A．has changed B．willchange C．is changing D．changed 6．— The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it? —On July 7th. I________ it for a week. A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．buy 7．—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please! —What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It___________ for a while. A．has been over B．was over C．has finished D．finished 8．—What do you usually do in your spare time? —I often go to our community library. It ________ for two years in order to encourage us to read more. A．opens B．has opened C．has been opened D．has been open 9．—________  have you kept this book? —For two months. A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How often 10．-Excuse me ,when did you leave Jinzhou？ -In August ,2017．I _____ for about two years． A．have left B．left C．have been away D．was away 11．I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. Never mind.I_______ here for only a few minutes. A．came B．have been C．have come D．had come 12．Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good! A．has worked B．will work C．worked D．was working 13．He ________ the book from the school library for six days. A．borrowed B．has kept C．has left D．has borrowed 14．Tom has been here ________just one year, but his father has worked here ________ ten years ago. A．since; for B．since; since C．for; since D．for; / 15．—Has your father ___________from Africa yet? —Yes, but he was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A．returned B．come C．gone D．left 二、按要求完成句子 16．Tony has learned to skate since he was eight. (对画线部分提问) Tony learned to skate? 17．Kate’s uncle has taught history for 5 years. (改为同义句) Kate’s uncle has taught history . 18．Hurry up! The movie began ten minutes ago. (改为同义句) Hurry up! The movie for ten minutes. 19．The new library opened last month. I haven’t been there. (合并为一句) The new library since one month ago, but I haven’t been there . 20．I joined the swimming club in 2012. I the swimming club since 2012. 21．Ms. Tao left Beijing three months ago. Ms. Tao Beijing for three months. 22．I have been like this for two days. (改为同义句) I have been like this two days . 23．My grandpa has been in excellent condition since he began to exercise. (对划线部分提问) has your grandpa been in excellent condition? 24．My mother has already swept the floor. (改为否定句) My mother swept the floor . 25．I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I the book for two weeks. 26．Kate has been working here for five years.（对画线部分提问） has Kate working here? 27．I have been playing computer games for two hours.（改为同义句） I have been playing computer games two hours . 28．I no longer live in the countryside.（改为同义句） I don’t live in the countryside . 29．Jack has had his bike for four years.（改为一般疑问句） Jack his bike for four years? 30．Mr. Smith is in China. He arrived here three days ago.（合并为一句） Mr. Smith China three days. 三、短文填空 根据材料内容及括号内所给词的提示填。 Dear Lucy, How is everything in London? I 31 (not see) you for so long. I miss you very much. Since last summer I 32 (stay) in Beijing, China. Last month I 33 (start) to learn Chinese. So far I 34 (learn) fifty Chinese words but I keep 35 (forget) them. I think it’s hard to learn Chinese but my sister Linda doesn’t think so. She 36 (begin) to learn Chinese already. She started it last Tuesday. So far, she 37 (remember) forty Chinese words. Linda only 38 (practice) Chinese for an hour a day. However, I spend five hours 39 (practice) Chinese. Her Chinese is better than mine. I feel very sad. Since last night I 40 (spend) all my time practicing Chinese. If I do that every night, I’m sure I will be able to use Chinese freely. Yours Joe 参考答案 1．D 【详解】句意：Jim自从开始在我们学校学习之后学到了很多关于中国文化的东西。 考查现在完成时。根据“since自从”可知主句要用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has done”，故选D。 2．D 【详解】句意：——你的姐姐将什么时候去英国？——她在伦敦已经四个月了。 考查现在完成时。went to为一般过去时；has gone to去了某地（未回）；has been to去过某地（已回）；has been in待在某地。since引导的时间状语提示谓语动词用现在完成时态，谓语动词是延续性的动作或状态，has been in表示“在某地”和since表示的时间段连用。故选D。 3．A 【详解】句意：——这本字典你拥有多久了？——两周了。 考查延续性动词以及短暂性动词的用法。had拥有；bought买；borrowed借入；got得到。根据How long以及For two weeks可知，动词要用延续性动词，BCD都是短暂性动词，故选A。 4．C 【详解】句意：快点！比赛已经开始十分钟了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for ten minutes”可知，本句为现在完成时，且要用表示延续性的动词，选项C符合。故选C。 5．A 【详解】句意：自从我上次见到她以来，Linda变化了很多。本题考查动词的时态。Change变化，改变。A. has changed 已经改变，是现在完成时   B. will change 将要改变，是一般将来时   C. is changing正在改变，是现在进行时    D. changed改变了，是一般过去时。本句是现在完成时的典型句型，故选A。 6．B 【详解】句意：——你穿这件新衬衫很好看。你什么时候买的？——在7月7日。我买一个星期了。 考查动词时态辨析。have bought现在完成时；have had现在完成时；bought一般过去时；buy一般现在时。for+一段时间，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有继续下去的可能，句子用现在完成时，排除C和D选项。一段时间要与持续性动词连用，buy是短暂性动词，其对应的持续性动词是have，所以空格处填have had。故选B。 7．A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我想看我们学校的新闻。请换频道！——真遗憾！现在是八点钟。它已经结束一段时间了。 考查动词时态。has been over已经结束了，现在完成时；was over结束了，一般过去时；has finished已经结束了，现在完成时；finished结束，一般过去时。根据语境可知，学校新闻已经结束了，这件事对“现在不能观看了”产生了影响，故应为现在完成时，故排除B、D两项。另句中for a while表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用时，应用延续性动词，而动词finish为瞬时性动词，不能在现在完成时中与一段时间连用，故排除C项。be over表示延续性动作，可在现在完成时中与时间段连用，即has been over。故选A。 8．D 【详解】句意：——你在空余时间通常做什么？——我经常去社区图书馆。为了鼓励我们阅读更多，它已经开两年了。 考查现在完成时态。opens动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数；has opened已经打开；has been opened已经被打开；has been open现在完成时，形容词作表语，表示一直开着。根据“for two years”此处表示的是从过去开始，一直延续的动作。open是非延续性动词，此处用形容词形式be open表示状态，可以延续。现在完成时用has been open。故选D。 9．C 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两个月了。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久之后，对将来的一段时间提问；How old多大，对年龄提问；How long多长时间，对时间段提问；How often多久一次，对频率提问。根据答语For two months可知，此处是对时间段提问，应用how long。故选C。 10．C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你是何时离开锦州的？——在2017年8月，我已经离开了大约两年的时间了。 A. have left    已经离开，现在完成时；B. left离开，过去式；C. have been away已经离开，现在完成时，持续性；D. was away离开，表示状态。根据句意“在2017年，我已经离开两年了“可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/has done，leave是瞬间动词，在完成时中不能和时间段连用，要用be away.，这里是have been away表示离开。根据题意，故选C。 11．B 【详解】句意：我很抱歉让你等了很长时间。没关系。我也就在这等了几分钟。 考查现在完成时的用法。for+时间段，前面用现在完成时，结构为have+done，要选择延续性动词。come是瞬间动词，要变成have been。故选B。 12．A 【详解】句意：自上学期以来贝蒂一直努力学习。那就是她考试成绩如此好的原因！考查动词时态。since last term自从上学期以来，表示的是一段时间；work工作，动词，是持续性的。根据句意，结合句子结构，可知本句是现在完成时态，Betty是三单人称，需用has构成完成时，故选A。 13．B 【详解】句意：他从图书馆借这本书已经有6天了。 考查现在完成时态。borrow借，短暂动词；leave离开，短暂性动词；keep保持，延续性动词。根据“for six days”可知，时态是现在完成时，且谓语动词要用延续性动词。故选B。 14．C 【详解】句意：汤姆来这里恰好一年，但他的父亲自从十年前就在这里工作了。 考查介词辨析。for后跟一段时间；since后跟过去时间。根据“one year”可知，是一段时间，因此第一空for符合句意；再者根据“ten years ago”可知，是过去的时间，since符合句意，故选C。 15．A 【详解】句意：——你父亲从非洲回来了吗? ——是的，但是他在这儿只待了三天就被公司派去澳大利亚了。 考查动词词义辨析和现在现在完成时用法。根据“Has your father…from Africa yet?”和“Yes, but he was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.” 可知，父亲已经回来。returned“归来，回来”。故选A。 16． How long has 【详解】句意：自从他八岁的时候，托尼就学习滑冰。根据题意，就划线部分提问。句中被划线部分是since he was eight，表时间段，在句中作状语，用How long作为疑问词，特殊疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。改陈述句语序为疑问句语序—将助动词has提到主语前面。故填How；long；has。 17． since 5/five years ago 【详解】句意：Kate的叔叔教了5年历史。根据“for 5 years”可知，她叔叔是自从5年前开始教历史的，可用since 5 years ago来表示“自从5年前以来”，也可用five表示5。故填since；5/five；years；ago。 18． has been on 【详解】句意：快点！电影十分钟前就开始了。改为同义句即“电影已经开演十分钟了。”应用现在完成时，主语“The movie”是三单，因此助动词用“has”，与一段时间“for ten minutes”连用，需将原来的非延续动词”begin”转为延续性动词“be on”，因此谓语部分是“has been on”。故填has；been；on。 19． has been open yet/before 【详解】句意：新图书馆上个月开放了。我没去过那里。根据“since one month ago”可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has，和一段时间连用，这里应用延续性动词be open，表示状态；此外表示还没有去过，否定句中可以用yet。也可以说之前没去过，可以用before。故填has；been；open；yet/before。 20． have been in 【详解】句意：我在2012年加入了游泳俱乐部。根据句中的时间状语“since 2012.”可知，句子的时态是现在完成时，句中的动词要用延续性动词，join对应的延续性动词为be in...，现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是第一人称I，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。故填have；been；in。 21． has been away from 【详解】句意：陶女士三个月前离开了北京。该句也可表达为“陶女士已经离开北京三个月了”；由“for three months”可知，此处的“离开”要用延续性短语be away from；时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done；主语为“Ms. Tao”，助动词用has。故填has；been；away；from。 22． since ago 【详解】句意：我已经这样两天了。for two days“持续两天”，可用“since two days ago”替换，意为“自从两天前”。故填since；ago。 23． How long 【详解】句意：我爷爷自从开始锻炼以来，身体一直很好。根据“since he began to exercise.”可知，对一段时间提问用how long“多长时间”。句子开头，首字母大写。故填How；long。 24． hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：我妈妈已经扫地了。句子是现在完成时，改为否定句在助动词has后加not，用缩略式hasn’t，already改为yet。故填hasn’t；yet。 25． have kept 【详解】句意：我两周前借了这本书。根据句中“for two weeks”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且句中谓语应为延续性动词；原句谓语borrowed为瞬时动词，故应替换为延续性动词结构have kept，故填have；kept。 26． How long been 【详解】句意：凯特在这儿工作已经五年了。画线部分for five years表示时长，应用how long来提问，位于句首，首字母要大写。根据“has been working”可知，主语Kate后接过去分词been。故填How；long；been。 27． since ago 【详解】句意：我玩电脑游戏已有两个小时了。根据原句“I have been playing computer games for two hours.”可知，原句是现在完成时，现在完成时中的时间状语可用for或since引导，原句为for two hours，结合其同义句“I have been playing computer games...two hours...”，同义句的时间状语表达应是since two hours ago。故填since；ago。 28． any longer 【详解】句意：我不再居住在乡村了。短语“no longer”译为“不再”，是一个副词短语，可以转换为“not...any longer”。故填any；longer。 29． Has had 【详解】句意：杰克拥有他的自行车四年了。本句是现在完成时，一般疑问句需要把助动词has提到主语Jack前，had位于主语后。故填Has；had。 30． has been in for 【详解】句意：史密斯先生在中国。他三天前到达这里。合并为一句可以表达为：“史密斯先生来中国已经三天了”。本句用现在完成时，have been in表示“在某地待一段时间”，主语是单数，助动词用has；for+时间段表示“（时间）长达……”。故填has；been；in；for。 31．haven’t seen 32．have stayed 33．started 34．have learned 35．forgetting 36．has begun 37．has remembered 38．practices 39．practicing 40．have spent 【导语】本文是一封Joe写给Lucy的书信，主要讲了Joe学习汉语的经历和感受。 31．句意：我这么久没有看到你了。根据时间状语“for so long”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词see“看见”的过去分词形式为seen，主语I为第一人称，因此助动词是have，与not连用缩写为haven’t，故填haven’t seen。 32．句意：自从去年夏天我就一直待在中国北京。根据“Since last summer”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词stay“停留，待”的过去分词形式为stayed，主语I为第一人称，因此助动词是have，故填have stayed。 33．句意：上个月我开始来学习中文。根据时间状语“Last month”可知，句子时态应为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填started。 34．句意：到目前为止，我学了五十个汉语单词，但是我一直都在忘记。根据“So far”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词learn“学习”的过去分词形式为learned，主语I为第一人称，助动词是have，故填have learned。 35．句意：到目前为止，我学了五十个汉语单词，但是我一直都在忘记。keep doing sth“一直做某事”，forget“忘记”，现在分词形式为forgetting，故填forgetting。 36．句意：她已经开始学汉语了。根据标志词“already”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词begin“开始”的过去分词形式为begun，主语She为第三人称，助动词是has，故填has begun。 37．句意：到目前为止，她记住40个汉字。根据“So far”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词remember“记住”的过去分词形式为remembered，主语she为第三人称，助动词是has，故填has remembered。 38．句意：Linda每天只练习一小时中文。此处描述事实，句子时态应为一般现在时，主语Linda为第三人称，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填practices。 39．句意：然而，我花了五个小时练习汉语。sb spend sometime doing sth“某人花费多长时间做某事”，故填practicing。 40．句意：从昨晚开始，我把所有的时间都花在了练习汉语上。根据“Since last night”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词spend“花费”的过去分词形式为spent，主语I为第一人称，助动词是have，故填have spent。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $