Unit5过去进行时-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了过去进行时的完整知识体系。从核心结构（肯定句、否定句、疑问句）出发，明确用法（特定时刻动作、持续动作、故事背景），进而掌握when与while的用法辨析、动词-ing变化规则及易错点提醒，搭建从基础到难点的学习支架。 知识链路按“结构-用法-辨析-规则-易错”逻辑清晰呈现，配套中考真题及单选、填空等多样化精练题。通过对比表格、速记口诀强化when/while辨析，培养学生语言运用能力与思维品质，助力高效掌握语法要点并提升解题能力。

新教材八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练（人教版2024） Unit5过去进行时 语法精讲 一、过去进行时核心结构 （1）肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing；I/he/she/it用was，we/you/they用were。例：I was reading at this time yesterday. （2）否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+动词-ing。例：He wasn't playing soccer when I called. （3）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing？答：Yes, 主语+was/were./No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.例：—Were you sleeping then? —Yes, I was. （4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing？例：What were you doing at 9 last night? 二、核心用法与标志词 1. 特定时刻正在进行的动作：常与at 8 p.m. yesterday、this time last week、at the time of the rainstorm等连用。例：At 7 p.m. yesterday, we were having dinner when the typhoon started. 2. 过去持续进行的动作：与while、during、from...to...等连用。例：From 3 to 5 yesterday, they were cleaning the classroom. 3. 故事背景描写：用过去进行时铺垫，一般过去时表突发动作。例：We were walking in the park when it began to rain. 三、核心考点：when vs while 用法辨析（高频考点） 维度 when while 时间属性 时间点/时间段（均可） 仅时间段 接动词类型 可接短暂性/延续性动词 只接延续性动词 从句常用时态 常用一般过去时（主过进，从一过） 常用过去进行时 （主一过，从过进） 核心强调 动作先后 动作同时进行 速记口诀（课堂必背）： when主长从短（主过进，从一过）；while主短从长（主一过，从过进）；主从皆长用while。 四、动词-ing变化规则 1. 一般直接加-ing，如play-playing 2. 不发音e结尾，去e加-ing，如take-taking 3. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-ing，如run-running 4. ie结尾变ie为y加-ing，如lie-lying 五、易错点提醒 1. 过去进行时不能与yesterday、last week等笼统过去时间状语连用，需搭配具体时间点/段。 2. while引导的从句动词必须是延续性动词，如sleep、study，不能用arrive、leave等短暂性动词。 3. when引导的从句可用一般过去时或过去进行时，while引导的从句通常用过去进行时。 中考真题 1．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 2．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook 4．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A．learnt B．am learning C．has learnt D．was learning 5．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 7．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 8．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 9．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ______ the dishes. A．wash B．washed C．am washing D．was washing 10．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）When I passed by the music room, Tina ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party. A．has practised B．will practise C．was practising D．is practising 11．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate. A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting 12．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）The boys ________ the exciting soccer game when the teacher came in. A．talked about B．talk about C．were talking about D．will talk about 13．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Tim ________ Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8:00 to 9:00 last Saturday evening. A．was watching B．will watch C．watched D．has watched 14．（2023·河北·中考真题）Lisa was busy taking notes ________ Mark was giving a talk. A．if B．unless C．until D．while 15．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. A．is laughing at B．laughed at C．laughs at D．was laughing at 参考答案 1．D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，苏西正在整理她的卧室，所以她没有去购物。 考查过去进行时。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 2．B 【详解】句意：昨天晚上，当她的爸爸回家时，玛丽正在画画。 考查动词时态。本句是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，从句是一般过去时，主句应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 3．B 【详解】句意：——Cindy，我的太阳镜在地上，它们坏了。发生了什么？——对不起，亲爱的。我不知道。我当时在厨房做饭。 考查时态。根据“What happened?”和“then”可知，此处指太阳镜坏的时候正在做饭，用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选B。 4．D 【详解】句意：抱歉我刚才没接你的电话。因为我在天宫课堂向宇航员学习知识。 考查动词时态。根据“just now”和语境可知，未接电话的原因是当时正在学习，应用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选D。 5．C 【详解】句意：——Amy，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。 考查动词的时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing?”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 6．C 【详解】句意：嗨，约翰！有什么事吗？你打电话的时候我正在洗澡。 考查过去进行时。根据“I...a shower when you called.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 7．D 【详解】句意：——海伦，昨天下午五点我没看见你在教室里。——噢，那时我正在为毕业典礼练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at five yesterday afternoon”和“at that time”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。 8．D 【详解】句意：——蒂姆，我打电话给你的时候你在做什么？——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。 考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎；make up编造；pick up捡起；fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you?”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知，此处指修理自行车。故选D。 9．D 【详解】句意：——嗨，伊森。我昨晚8点给你打电话，但你没有接。——抱歉，我当时正在洗碗。 考查动词时态。根据“at 8:00 last night”可知，此处指昨晚8点打电话时伊森正在洗碗，过去某一时间点正在做某事，应用过去进行时。故选D。 10．C 【详解】句意：当我经过音乐室时，Tina正在为即将到来的毕业晚会练习《友谊地久天长》。 考查过去进行时。根据“When I passed by the music room, Tina ... the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party.”可知，强调在过去某个时刻正在做某事，用过去进行时。故选C。 11．C 【详解】句意：昨天下午4点，我爸爸在校门外等我。 考查过去进行时。根据“At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon”可知，强调过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。 12．C 【详解】句意：当老师进来时，男孩们正在谈论那场激动人心的足球比赛。 考查动词时态。根据“when the teacher came in.”可知此处是含有when的过去进行时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去式，故选C。 13．A 【详解】句意：上周六晚上8点到9点，蒂姆和家人一起看中央电视台的《感动中国》。 考查过去进行时。根据“from 8:00 to 9:00 last Saturday evening”可知，强调过去的时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时。故选A。 14．D 【详解】句意：当马克演讲时，丽莎正忙着做笔记。 考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；until直到；while当，而。根据“Lisa was busy taking notes...Mark was giving a talk”可知此处表示两个动作同时发生，用while连接。故选D。 15．D 【详解】句意：当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。 考查动词时态。laugh at“嘲笑”，本文是while引导的时间状语从句，强调从句动作正在进行时主句动作发生，结合“I picked up a copy”可知，从句时态用过去进行时（was/were doing），故选D。 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．Maria was playing football with her classmates ________ I met her yesterday. A．when B．since C．before D．until 2．—How did the accident happen? —The man was reading some messages on his phone ________ walking across the street. A．unless B．after C．while D．before 3．—What were you doing at 7:00 p.m. yesterday? —I ________ the dishes in the kitchen. A．washed B．wash C．am washing D．was washing 4．When the teacher ________ in, the students were discussing how to make full preparations for the coming sports meeting. A．comes B．came C．is coming D．was coming 5．—Linda, I called you up just now, but nobody answered. —Sorry, I didn’t hear that. I ________ playing the piano. A．practice B．will practice C．practiced D．was practicing 6．While Mike________computer games in his room, his dad came in. A．is playing B．was playing C．will play D．plays 7．—I called you yesterday afternoon, but you didn't pick up. —Sorry. I ______ an online class at that time. A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking 8．Dad ________ TV when it began to rain yesterday. A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．was watching 9．—Why didn’t you answer my phone call at 3 p.m. yesterday? —Oh, I’m sorry. I ________ an exciting football match at that time. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching. 10．—I called you at eight yesterday evening, but there was no answer. —Oh, I _________ my house then. A．cleaned B．am cleaning C．was cleaning D．will clean 11．—Why didn’t you watch the football match last night? —I ________ my grandparents cook dinner at that time. A．help B．helped C．am helping D．was helping 12．—What ________ you ________ during the snowstorm? —I was staying in a hotel. A．do; do B．did; do C．were; doing D．will; do 13．When it began to rain, Mary ________ for the bus at the bus stop. A．is waiting B．was waiting C．are waiting D．were waiting 14．At 7 o’clock yesterday evening, my brother ________ the World Cup match on TV. A．was watching B．is watching C．will watch D．watched 15．—_______did the rainstorm come, Mr Liu? —While we _______ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A．While; have had B．While; have C．When; are having D．When; were having 16．It started to rain while the guide ________ us how to build a safe shelter in the wild. A．teaches B．taught C．is teaching D．was teaching 17．—Cindy, my sunglasses are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I have no idea. I ________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．will cook C．was cooking D．have cooked 18．I ________ to my favourite music in my bedroom ________ the lights went off. A．was listening; when B．listened; while C．was listening; while D．listened; when 19．—Why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry, I ________ a shower. I left my phone in the living room. A．have B．had C．am having D．was having 20．—________ you ________ a book at 9 last night? —No, I was watching a movie. A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Were; reading D．Are; reading 二、用单词正确形式拼写 21．My mother (cook) in the kitchen while my father was watering the flowers. 22．Last Sunday, from about 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m., Mandy (clean) her room. 23．Mike’s teacher took a photo of him while he (run) at the sports meeting. 24．Jim usually eats breakfast at home, but he (eat) it out this morning. 25．He （draw）on the beach from 7 to 9 o’clock yesterday morning. 26．My mother （not walk）with me at this time yesterday. 27．Lucy （dance）while her sister （sing）at 6：00 p.m. yesterday. 28．They (read) books when I called them yesterday. 29．When I (get) home yesterday afternoon, it was raining hard. 30．He (watch) TV at 8 o’clock last evening while his parents were cooking dinner. 三、按要求完成句子 31．I was doing my homework at 7:00 last night. (对画线部分提问) you at 7:00 last night? 32．While I was watching TV, he came in.(改为同义句) I TV he came in. 33．They were discussing the novel’s characters at 3 p.m. yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) they the novel’s characters at 3 p.m. yesterday? 34．We were talking about the trip to Beijing when she came in. (用while改写) we about the trip to Beijing, she came in. 35．Ben took a shower last night. (用at 8:00 last night改写) Ben a shower at 8:00 last night. 36．Tom was playing basketball on the playground. At that moment, it started to rain.（合并为一句） It started to rain while Tom basketball on the playground. 37．A car hit a tree by the road because of the heavy fog. (用while改写) A car a tree by the road while the fog heavily. 38．While Lily was reading, the phone rang. (同义句转换) Lily when the phone rang. 39．My mother often does housework after dinner. (用at 7:00 last night改写) My mother housework at 7:00 last night. 40．Millie is looking for some information now. (用at this time yesterday改写) Millie for some information . 四、短文填空 阅读短文，根据句意填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 My name is Lucas. Now I work full­-time as a nurse at a hospital in Sheffield. As a child, my dream was to work in an art museum. To make it come true, I 41 (think) about doing some volunteer work at the Sheffield Museum. Last summer, I decided to go for it. I got the telephone number of the museum through the Internet. I called it and they told me to prepare for it. A few days later, the museum called me when I 42 (prepare) for the interview (面试). In November, I 43 (join) the “Talking Tables”. There were some selected items (选定的物品). Visitors could touch them and ask questions 44 they were going around the museum. My job was to look after these items. I 45 (remember) the experience all the time in the future. 参考答案 1．A 【详解】句意：昨天我遇见玛丽亚时，她正和她的同学踢足球。 考查从属连词辨析。when当……时；since自从；before在……之前；until直到。根据“Maria was playing football with her classmates”和“I met her yesterday.”可知，此处表达昨天我遇见玛丽亚时，她正和她的同学踢足球，所以用when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故选A。 2．C 【详解】句意：——事故是怎么发生的？——这个人在过马路的时候正在看手机上的信息。 考查从属连词辨析。unless除非；after在……之后；while当……时；before在……之后。根据“The man was reading some messages on his phone...walking across the street.”可知，这个人在过马路的时候正在看手机上的信息，用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。 3．D 【详解】句意：——昨天晚上七点你正在做什么？——我正在厨房洗盘子。 考查过去进行时。washed一般过去时；wash一般现在时；am washing现在进行时；was washing过去进行时。根据“at 7:00 p.m. yesterday”可知，句子是过去进行时。故选D。 4．B 【详解】句意：当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何为即将到来的运动会做好充分的准备。 考查时态。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是过去进行时，此处从句需要用一般过去时，表示过去发生的瞬间性动作，故选B。 5．D 【详解】句意：——Linda，我刚刚给你打电话，但是没有人接听。——对不起，我没有听到。我刚刚在练习弹钢琴。 考查时态。根据“I didn’t hear that. I...playing the piano.”可知，应是打电话的时候正在弹钢琴，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+现在分词，主语是I，be动词用was。故选D。 6．B 【详解】句意：迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。 考查过去进行时。is playing现在进行时；was playing过去进行时；will play一般将来时； plays一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生，后面 came 是过去式，所以前面要用过去进行时，构成是was/were＋doing，故答案选B。 7．D 【详解】句意：——我昨天下午给你打电话，但你没接。——对不起，那时我正在上网课。 考查动词时态。take一般现在时；took一般过去时；is taking现在进行时；was taking过去进行时。根据语境可知，我昨天正在做某事，所以你给我打电话没有接到，应用进行时态，再根据yesterday afternoon可知，“上网课没接到电话”这件事发生在过去，故应为过去进行时。故选D。 8．D 【详解】句意：昨天开始下雨时，爸爸正在看电视。 考查过去进行时态。watches第三人称单数；watched一般过去时态；is watching现在进行时态；was watching过去进行时态。根据题干可知当昨天开始下雨的时候，爸爸正在看电视，该句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句表示过去正在做的事情，则应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing，故答案选D。 9．D 【详解】句意：——昨天下午3点你为什么没接我电话？——哦，抱歉，我当时正在看一场激动人心的足球赛。 考查动词时态。根据问句中“at 3 p.m. yesterday”可知，此处描述的是昨天下午三点正在进行的动作，时态应使用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，故选D。 10．C 【详解】句意：——我昨晚八点给你打电话，但没人接。——哦，那时我正在打扫我的房子。 考查过去进行时。根据问句中“at eight yesterday evening”且答语中“then”指代昨晚八点这一具体过去时刻可知，此处强调当时正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 11．D 【详解】句意：——你昨晚为什么没看足球赛？——那时我正在帮我的祖父母做饭。 考查过去进行时。根据问句“Why didn’t you watch ... last night?”和答语中“at that time”可知，此处强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选D。 12．C 【详解】句意：——暴风雪期间你在做什么？——我当时正待在一家酒店里。 考查动词时态。根据答句“I was staying in a hotel.”可知，答句使用的是过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，由此可推断问句是在询问过去某个时间（暴风雪期间）正在做什么，所以应该用过去进行时“were; doing” 。故选C。 13．B 【详解】句意：开始下雨的时候，玛丽正在公交车站等公交车。 考查动词时态辨析。is waiting现在进行时，主语为单数；was waiting过去进行时，主语为单数；are waiting现在进行时，主语为复数；were waiting过去进行时，主语为复数。根据时间状语从句“When it began to rain”可知，此处描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时；主语“Mary”是第三人称单数，对应“was waiting”。故选B。 14．A 【详解】句意：昨天晚上7点，我哥哥正在电视上看世界杯比赛。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“At 7 o’clock yesterday evening”可知，该时间点是过去的具体时刻，表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应使用过去进行时。故选A。 15．D 【详解】句意：——刘老师，暴风雨是什么时候来的？——昨天下午我们正在上化学课的时候。 考查特殊疑问词辨析和时态。根据答语“yesterday afternoon”可知，第一空应是询问时间，用When引导的特殊疑问句，意为“什么时候”；根据“While we ... a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.”可知，第二空描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时态，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。故选D。 16．D 【详解】句意：当向导正在教我们如何在野外搭建安全庇护所时，天开始下雨了。 考查时态辨析。主句“It started to rain”使用了一般过去时，而“while”引导的时间状语从句表示“当……时”，强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行，因此从句需用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was。故选D。 17．C 【详解】句意：——辛迪，我的太阳镜坏了。发生了什么？——对不起，亲爱的。我不知道。那时我正在厨房做饭。 考查动词时态辨析。cook做饭，一般现在时；will cook做饭，一般将来时；was cooking正在做饭，过去进行时；have cooked已经做饭，现在完成时。根据“I…in the kitchen then.”可知，then表示过去某个时刻，此处强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 18．A 【详解】句意：我在卧室里听我最喜欢的音乐，这时灯突然灭了。 考查时态与连词辨析。第一空，was listening正在听，过去进行时；listened听，一般过去时。根据“the lights went off”是瞬间动作，描述该瞬间正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时was listening。第二空，when当……时，可表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行；while当……时，强调动作同时持续。从句“the lights went off”是短暂性动作，且主句为进行时，应用when连接。故选A。 19．D 【详解】句意：——昨晚九点你为什么不接我的电话？——对不起，我当时正在洗澡。我把手机落在客厅了。 考查动词时态。根据语境可知，昨晚九点没接电话是因为当时正在洗澡，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语是I，be动词用was，have的现在分词是having。故选D。 20．C 【详解】句意：——昨晚9点你正在读一本书吗？——不，我正在看电影。 考查过去进行时。根据答句“I was watching a movie”可知，问句询问过去某个具体时间正在进行的动作，时间状语“at 9 last night”表示过去某一时刻，需用过去进行时was/were + doing。选项C为过去进行时结构，符合语境。故选C。 21．was cooking 【详解】句意：妈妈在厨房做饭，爸爸在浇花。根据“while my father was watering the flowers”可知，此句是说妈妈在厨房做饭，应用过去进行时，其构成为“was/were doing”，主语“My mother”为第三人称单数，用was构成时态。故填was cooking。 22．was cleaning 【详解】句意：上周日，大约下午2:00 到下午3:00，Mandy正在打扫她的房间。根据“Last Sunday, from about 2:00 p.m to 3:00 p.m”可知，上周日的2点至3点，Mandy一直在打扫房间，此句应用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。主语“Mandy”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was cleaning。 23．was running 【详解】句意：迈克在运动会上跑步时，老师给他拍了一张照片。根据“took a photo”可知，句子用过去时。while引导时间状语从句时，表示在某一时刻正在进行的动作。故用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+现在分词，主语是he，be动词选was，run的现在分词为running。故填was running。 24．ate 【详解】句意：吉姆通常在家吃早饭，但是他今天早上出去吃的。根据“this morning”可判断用一般过去时，故填ate。 25．was drawing 【详解】句意：昨天上午七点到九点他正在沙滩上画画。根据时间状语“from 7 to 9 o’clock yesterday morning”可知，句子应该用过去进行时，即was/were+V-ing。主语he为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。draw表示“画画”。故填was drawing。 26．wasn’t walking 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候我妈妈没有和我一起散步。根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”可知，句子应该用过去进行时，即was/were+V-ing。主语My mother为第三人称单数形式，故be动词用was。根据提示词“not walk”可知，句子为否定句，故填wasn’t walking。 27． was dancing was singing 【详解】句意：昨天下午六点露西在跳舞，她的姐姐在唱歌。此句是while引导的时间状语从句，表示主句和从句动作同时发生，句子应该用过去进行时，即was/were+V-ing。主语Lucy和her sister 均为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was dancing；was singing。 28．were reading 【详解】句意：昨天我打电话给他们的时候，他们正在看书。根据括号内的单词提示可知，read“读”；when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时“was/were + 现在分词”。主语they是复数，因此用were；read的现在分词形式是reading。故填were reading。 29．got 【详解】句意：昨天下午我到家时，雨下得很大。根据括号内的单词提示可知，get“到达”，又根据时间状语“yesterday afternoon”可知，本句描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。动词get的过去式是got，因此填got。故填got。 30．was watching 【详解】句意：昨天晚上八点他正在看电视，而他的父母正在做晚饭。根据“at 8 o’clock last evening”可知，此处描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用was，watch的现在分词是watching。故填was watching。 31． What were doing 【详解】句意：昨晚7点我在做作业。原句是过去进行时，划线部分表示所做的事情，应用what询问在做什么，句首字母大写。疑问句把第一人称I改为you，所以过去进行时的结构为：were+doing。故填①What②were③doing。 32． was watching when 【详解】句意：当我在看电视的时候，他进来了。此处是while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时态，从句用过去进行时，此处可以转换成when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时态，其结构是was/were doing的形式，主语是I，be动词用was，watch TV“看电视”，此处用watch的现在分词，故填was watching；when。 33． Were discussing 【详解】句意：昨天下午三点他们正在讨论这本小说的人物。原句为过去进行时，改为一般疑问句将be动词were提至句首，实义动词仍用现在分词discussing，句首单词首字母大写，故填Were；discussing。 34． While were talking 【详解】句意：当她进来的时候，我们正在讨论去北京的旅行。原句是when引导的时间状语从句，描述一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。用while改写时，while引导的从句通常使用延续性动词，需使用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语we是复数，所以用were。动词talk的现在分词形式是talking。故填While；were；talking。 35． was taking 【详解】句意：本昨晚洗了澡。用“at 8:00 last night”改写后，句子表示“昨晚8点本正在洗澡”，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语Ben是第三人称单数，be动词用was；take的现在分词是taking。故填was；taking。 36． was playing 【详解】句意：汤姆当时正在操场打篮球，这时开始下雨了。合并句子时，“while”引导的时间状语从句需要用进行时态，原句是过去进行时was playing。故填was；playing。 37． was hitting was falling 【详解】句意：因为大雾，一辆汽车撞上路边的树。while用于连接两个同时发生的动作或状态，强调“在……期间”。主句“A car hit a tree”改为过去进行时“A car was hitting a tree”，表示“汽车正在撞树”的动作。从句“because of the heavy fog”改为“while the fog was falling heavily”，表示“大雾正浓密地笼罩着”，其中falling表示雾的弥漫状态，heavily修饰falling，强调雾的浓重程度。故填was；hitting；was；falling。 38． was reading 【详解】句意：当电话响的时候，Lily正在读书。原句使用了“While+过去进行时”表示延续性动作，意为 “当……时候”。转换后主句使用了when引导的时间状语从句，此时主句通常也表示正在进行的动作，即“be doing sth. when...”结构。原句中主语是Lily，be动词用was，read的现在分词是reading。故填was；reading。 39． was doing 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常在晚饭过后做家务。用“at 7:00 last night”表示过去某一时刻进行改写，句子变为过去进行时。主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，be动词变为was，后接动词现在分词doing。故填was；doing。 40． was looking at this time yesterday 【详解】句意：米莉现在正在查找一些信息。原句是现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作，谓语动词是“is looking”。当用“at this time yesterday”改写时，句子时态要变为过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时的结构是“was/were+动词的现在分词”，由于主语Millie是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，动词“look”的现在分词是“looking”，其他部分“for some information”保持不变，时间状语“at this time yesterday”放在句末。故填was；looking；at；this；time；yesterday。 41．thought 42．was preparing 43．joined 44．when/while 45．will remember 【导语】本文介绍了一位叫做卢卡斯的护士，去博物馆做志愿者的经历。 41．句意：为了实现这个愿望，我想在谢菲尔德博物馆做一些志愿者工作。整段描述过去发生的事情，此空应填动词过去式，故填thought。 42．句意：几天后，博物馆打电话给我，当时我正在准备面试。when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句表示过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，根据I可知，助动词用was，故填was preparing。 43．句意：11月，我加入了“Talking Tables”。根据“In November”以及整段的时态可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填joined。 44．句意：参观者在参观博物馆时可以触摸它们并提问。根据“Visitors could touch them and ask questions … they were going around the museum”可知，此空缺少引导时间状语的连词，when和while都符合已经，表示“当……时”，故填when/while。 45．句意：将来我一直记得那次经历。根据“in the future”可知，此句用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will remember。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新教材八年级英语下学期语法精讲精练（人教版2024） Unit5过去进行时 语法精讲 一、过去进行时核心结构 （1）肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing；I/he/she/it用was，we/you/they用were。例：I was reading at this time yesterday. （2）否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+动词-ing。例：He wasn't playing soccer when I called. （3）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing？答：Yes, 主语+was/were./No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.例：—Were you sleeping then? —Yes, I was. （4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing？例：What were you doing at 9 last night? 二、核心用法与标志词 1. 特定时刻正在进行的动作：常与at 8 p.m. yesterday、this time last week、at the time of the rainstorm等连用。例：At 7 p.m. yesterday, we were having dinner when the typhoon started. 2. 过去持续进行的动作：与while、during、from...to...等连用。例：From 3 to 5 yesterday, they were cleaning the classroom. 3. 故事背景描写：用过去进行时铺垫，一般过去时表突发动作。例：We were walking in the park when it began to rain. 三、核心考点：when vs while 用法辨析（高频考点） 维度 when while 时间属性 时间点/时间段（均可） 仅时间段 接动词类型 可接短暂性/延续性动词 只接延续性动词 从句常用时态 常用一般过去时（主过进，从一过） 常用过去进行时 （主一过，从过进） 核心强调 动作先后 动作同时进行 速记口诀（课堂必背）： when主长从短（主过进，从一过）；while主短从长（主一过，从过进）；主从皆长用while。 四、动词-ing变化规则 1. 一般直接加-ing，如play-playing 2. 不发音e结尾，去e加-ing，如take-taking 3. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-ing，如run-running 4. ie结尾变ie为y加-ing，如lie-lying 五、易错点提醒 1. 过去进行时不能与yesterday、last week等笼统过去时间状语连用，需搭配具体时间点/段。 2. while引导的从句动词必须是延续性动词，如sleep、study，不能用arrive、leave等短暂性动词。 3. when引导的从句可用一般过去时或过去进行时，while引导的从句通常用过去进行时。 中考真题 1．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 2．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook 4．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A．learnt B．am learning C．has learnt D．was learning 5．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 7．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 8．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 9．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ______ the dishes. A．wash B．washed C．am washing D．was washing 10．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）When I passed by the music room, Tina ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party. A．has practised B．will practise C．was practising D．is practising 11．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate. A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting 12．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）The boys ________ the exciting soccer game when the teacher came in. A．talked about B．talk about C．were talking about D．will talk about 13．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Tim ________ Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8:00 to 9:00 last Saturday evening. A．was watching B．will watch C．watched D．has watched 14．（2023·河北·中考真题）Lisa was busy taking notes ________ Mark was giving a talk. A．if B．unless C．until D．while 15．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. A．is laughing at B．laughed at C．laughs at D．was laughing at 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．Maria was playing football with her classmates ________ I met her yesterday. A．when B．since C．before D．until 2．—How did the accident happen? —The man was reading some messages on his phone ________ walking across the street. A．unless B．after C．while D．before 3．—What were you doing at 7:00 p.m. yesterday? —I ________ the dishes in the kitchen. A．washed B．wash C．am washing D．was washing 4．When the teacher ________ in, the students were discussing how to make full preparations for the coming sports meeting. A．comes B．came C．is coming D．was coming 5．—Linda, I called you up just now, but nobody answered. —Sorry, I didn’t hear that. I ________ playing the piano. A．practice B．will practice C．practiced D．was practicing 6．While Mike________computer games in his room, his dad came in. A．is playing B．was playing C．will play D．plays 7．—I called you yesterday afternoon, but you didn't pick up. —Sorry. I ______ an online class at that time. A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking 8．Dad ________ TV when it began to rain yesterday. A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．was watching 9．—Why didn’t you answer my phone call at 3 p.m. yesterday? —Oh, I’m sorry. I ________ an exciting football match at that time. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching. 10．—I called you at eight yesterday evening, but there was no answer. —Oh, I _________ my house then. A．cleaned B．am cleaning C．was cleaning D．will clean 11．—Why didn’t you watch the football match last night? —I ________ my grandparents cook dinner at that time. A．help B．helped C．am helping D．was helping 12．—What ________ you ________ during the snowstorm? —I was staying in a hotel. A．do; do B．did; do C．were; doing D．will; do 13．When it began to rain, Mary ________ for the bus at the bus stop. A．is waiting B．was waiting C．are waiting D．were waiting 14．At 7 o’clock yesterday evening, my brother ________ the World Cup match on TV. A．was watching B．is watching C．will watch D．watched 15．—_______did the rainstorm come, Mr Liu? —While we _______ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon. A．While; have had B．While; have C．When; are having D．When; were having 16．It started to rain while the guide ________ us how to build a safe shelter in the wild. A．teaches B．taught C．is teaching D．was teaching 17．—Cindy, my sunglasses are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I have no idea. I ________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．will cook C．was cooking D．have cooked 18．I ________ to my favourite music in my bedroom ________ the lights went off. A．was listening; when B．listened; while C．was listening; while D．listened; when 19．—Why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry, I ________ a shower. I left my phone in the living room. A．have B．had C．am having D．was having 20．—________ you ________ a book at 9 last night? —No, I was watching a movie. A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Were; reading D．Are; reading 二、用单词正确形式拼写 21．My mother (cook) in the kitchen while my father was watering the flowers. 22．Last Sunday, from about 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m., Mandy (clean) her room. 23．Mike’s teacher took a photo of him while he (run) at the sports meeting. 24．Jim usually eats breakfast at home, but he (eat) it out this morning. 25．He （draw）on the beach from 7 to 9 o’clock yesterday morning. 26．My mother （not walk）with me at this time yesterday. 27．Lucy （dance）while her sister （sing）at 6：00 p.m. yesterday. 28．They (read) books when I called them yesterday. 29．When I (get) home yesterday afternoon, it was raining hard. 30．He (watch) TV at 8 o’clock last evening while his parents were cooking dinner. 三、按要求完成句子 31．I was doing my homework at 7:00 last night. (对画线部分提问) you at 7:00 last night? 32．While I was watching TV, he came in.(改为同义句) I TV he came in. 33．They were discussing the novel’s characters at 3 p.m. yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) they the novel’s characters at 3 p.m. yesterday? 34．We were talking about the trip to Beijing when she came in. (用while改写) we about the trip to Beijing, she came in. 35．Ben took a shower last night. (用at 8:00 last night改写) Ben a shower at 8:00 last night. 36．Tom was playing basketball on the playground. At that moment, it started to rain.（合并为一句） It started to rain while Tom basketball on the playground. 37．A car hit a tree by the road because of the heavy fog. (用while改写) A car a tree by the road while the fog heavily. 38．While Lily was reading, the phone rang. (同义句转换) Lily when the phone rang. 39．My mother often does housework after dinner. (用at 7:00 last night改写) My mother housework at 7:00 last night. 40．Millie is looking for some information now. (用at this time yesterday改写) Millie for some information . 四、短文填空 阅读短文，根据句意填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 My name is Lucas. Now I work full­-time as a nurse at a hospital in Sheffield. As a child, my dream was to work in an art museum. To make it come true, I 41 (think) about doing some volunteer work at the Sheffield Museum. Last summer, I decided to go for it. I got the telephone number of the museum through the Internet. I called it and they told me to prepare for it. A few days later, the museum called me when I 42 (prepare) for the interview (面试). In November, I 43 (join) the “Talking Tables”. There were some selected items (选定的物品). Visitors could touch them and ask questions 44 they were going around the museum. My job was to look after these items. I 45 (remember) the experience all the time in the future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $