Unit 1 Time to Relax 动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语 (语法讲解+分层精练）--2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Time to Relax （动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）作状语：表示目的 1 （二）作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语 1 二、30道中考习题精练 2 （一）基础与结构 (1-10题) 2 （二）综合与易错点 (11-20题) 3 （三）提升与辨析 (21-30题) 3 一、语法讲解 （一）作状语：表示目的 不定式作状语主要用来表示动作的目的，意为“为了……”，可以用 in order to 替换。 位置：可放在句首或句尾。 句首（常用逗号隔开）：To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 a.m. 句尾：She got up at 6 a.m. to catch the early bus. （二）作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语 当句中已有宾语但意思不完整时，需加宾语补足语。不定式作宾补，用来说明宾语“做什么”或“是什么样”。 根据动词的不同，分为两大类，这是中考的核心考点和易错点： A. 带 to 的不定式作宾补 常见动词：ask, tell, want, wish, teach, advise, encourage, invite, warn 等。 结构：动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. My mother asks me to buy some food. The teacher warned Kate not to sleep in class.（否定形式：not to do） B. 省略 to 的不定式作宾补 常见动词：使役动词 let, make, have；感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等。 结构：动词 + 宾语 + do sth. (不带to) My mom let me watch TV. They heard the girl sing in the next door just now. 易错点：被动语态中要补回 to 在主动语态中省略 to 的动词，变成被动语态（即宾语变主语）时，必须补上 to。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 被动：He was seen to cross the street. C.可带可不带 to 的情况 动词 help 后的不定式作宾补，to 可以省略。 He often helps me (to) clean the room. 二、30道中考习题精练 （一）基础与结构 (1-10题) 1. My mother encourages me ______ in the sports meeting. A. join B. joining C. to join (encourage sb. to do sth. 固定搭配) D. joined 2. — What are you going to do, Jane? — Oh, my mother asks me ______ some food for supper. A. buy B. to buy C. buys D. buying 3. The teacher always tells us ______ loudly in the library. A. not speak B. not to speak C. to not speak D. don‘t speak 4. Could you make her ______ shouting? We are having a meeting. A. stop B. stops C. stopped D. to stop 5. — Will you come to the movie with us tonight? — I‘m glad to, but my mother makes me ______ my clothes first. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. washed 6. I saw a little boy ______ an old woman cross the street yesterday. It was so warm. A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 7. They made him ______ the manager of the company. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 8. Da Ming likes to tell jokes and always makes people l______. (laugh) 9. The teacher asked us ______ (compare) our answers with hers. 10. Last Sunday, my father drove us ______ (help) farmers pick apples. （二）综合与易错点 (11-20题) 1. — The movie is wonderful. Do you feel like ______ it tonight? — I‘d love to, but my parents won‘t let me ______ out too late. A. watching; to stay B. to watch; stay C. watching; stay D. to watch; to stay 2. They won‘t allow us ______ (enter) the building without permission. 3. We often hear her ______ (sing) this English song in the next room. 4. The boy was seen ______ (run) away from the scene of the accident. 5. 老师提醒凯特上课不要睡觉。 The teacher warned Kate ______ in class. 6. 让机器人像人一样思考是困难的。 It‘s difficult ______ the robot ______ like a human. 7. 要使梦想实现是不容易的。 It‘s not easy ______ dreams ______. 8. 画思维导图能帮助我们把历史学好。 Drawing mind maps can help us ______ history well. 9. 兴趣与欢笑能帮助学生远离苦恼。 Hobbies and laughter can help the students ______ from worries. 10. I‘d like to ask you ______ (not make) so much noise. （三）提升与辨析 (21-30题) 1. Could you help me ______ (carry) this heavy box upstairs? 2. Parents should teach their children ______ (be) honest from a young age. 3. The police told the crowd ______ (move) back for safety. 4. I noticed someone ______ (take) my umbrella by mistake just now. A. take B. to take C. took D. take 5. The librarian invited all readers ______ (put) books back after reading. 6. His words made everyone in the room ______ (feel) uncomfortable. 7. We expect the new policy ______ (bring) positive changes. A. to bring B. bring C. bringing D. brought 8. The cold weather caused the pipes ______ (freeze). 9. She advised me ______ (think) twice before making the decision. 10. The coach had the players ______ (run) ten laps around the field as training. 答案和解析 （一）基础与结构 (1-10题) 1. C. to join 解析：encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。此处不定式 to join 作宾语 me 的补足语。 2. B. to buy 解析：ask sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“要求/叫某人做某事”。此处不定式 to buy 作宾语 me 的补足语。 3. B. not to speak 解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 是固定搭配。不定式的否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，即 not to do。 4. A. stop 解析：make sb. do sth. 是使役动词的固定搭配，意为“使/让某人做某事”，后面接省略 to 的动词原形。 5. C. wash 解析：同样是 make sb. do sth. 结构，省略 to。 6. D. helping 解析：see sb. doing sth. 表示“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。根据句意“我看见一个小男孩正在帮助一位老奶奶过马路”，强调当时看到的瞬间场景，用现在分词 helping。若用 help (see sb. do sth.) 则强调看见动作的全过程。 7. A. be 解析：make sb. do sth. 结构中，do 必须是动词原形。be 动词的原形就是 be。 8. laugh 解析：make sb. do sth. 结构。make 是使役动词，后接省略 to 的动词原形 laugh。 9. to compare 解析：ask sb. to do sth. 结构。 10. to help 解析：此处 to help 作目的状语，表示“开车送我们”的目的是“去帮助农民摘苹果”。drive sb. to do sth. 也可视为一个搭配，意为“驱使/开车送某人去做某事”。 （二）综合与易错点 (11-20题) 11. C. watching; stay 解析：第一空，feel like doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。第二空，let sb. do sth. 是使役动词结构，后接省略 to 的动词原形 stay。 12. to enter 解析：allow sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。 13. sing 解析：hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做某事（经常或全过程）”。根据 often（经常）判断，用动词原形 sing。 14. to run 解析：本题是被动语态 (was seen)。在主动语态中，我们说 see sb. do sth. (省略 to)。但当句子变为被动语态 (sb. was seen) 时，之前省略的 to 必须补回来，变成 sb. was seen to do sth.。这是易错重点。 15. not to sleep 解析：warn sb. (not) to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”。不定式的否定形式是 not to do。 16. to make; think 解析：第一空：It‘s + adj. + to do sth. 是固定句型，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to make the robot...。第二空：在 make the robot think 中，make 是使役动词，用 make sb. do sth. 结构，所以 think 用原形。 17. to make; come true 解析：句型同上一题，It’s not easy to make dreams come true。make sth. do 表示“使某物（处于某种状态或做某事）”，come true 是动词原形。 18. (to) learn 解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，其中的 to 可以省略。 19. (to) stay away 解析：同上一题，help sb. (to) do sth. 结构。stay away from 是固定短语，意为“远离”。 20. not to make 解析：ask sb. (not) to do sth. 结构，不定式的否定形式为 not to make。 （三）提升与辨析 (21-30题) 21. (to) carry 解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 结构。 22. to be 解析：teach sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”。 23. to move 解析：tell sb. to do sth. 结构。 24. A. take 解析：notice sb. do sth. 的用法与感官动词 see 相同，在主动语态中接省略 to 的不定式，强调注意到动作的发生。just now（刚才）也提示动作已发生。因此用动词原形 take。 25. to put 解析：invite sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”。 26. feel 解析：make sb. do sth. 结构，使役动词后接动词原形 feel。 27. A. to bring 解析：expect sb./sth. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“期待某人/某物做某事”。此处不定式 to bring 作宾语 the new policy 的补足语。 28. to freeze 解析：cause sb./sth. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“导致/引起…做…”。 29. to think 解析：advise sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”。 30. run 解析：have sb. do sth. 是使役动词的固定搭配，意为“让/叫某人做某事”，后接省略 to 的动词原形 run。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Time to Relax （动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）作状语：表示目的 1 （二）作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语 1 二、30道中考习题精练 2 （一）基础与结构 (1-10题) 2 （二）综合与易错点 (11-20题) 3 （三）提升与辨析 (21-30题) 3 一、语法讲解 （一）作状语：表示目的 不定式作状语主要用来表示动作的目的，意为“为了……”，可以用 in order to 替换。 位置：可放在句首或句尾。 句首（常用逗号隔开）：To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 a.m. 句尾：She got up at 6 a.m. to catch the early bus. （二）作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语 当句中已有宾语但意思不完整时，需加宾语补足语。不定式作宾补，用来说明宾语“做什么”或“是什么样”。 根据动词的不同，分为两大类，这是中考的核心考点和易错点： A. 带 to 的不定式作宾补 常见动词：ask, tell, want, wish, teach, advise, encourage, invite, warn 等。 结构：动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. My mother asks me to buy some food. The teacher warned Kate not to sleep in class.（否定形式：not to do） B. 省略 to 的不定式作宾补 常见动词：使役动词 let, make, have；感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等。 结构：动词 + 宾语 + do sth. (不带to) My mom let me watch TV. They heard the girl sing in the next door just now. 易错点：被动语态中要补回 to 在主动语态中省略 to 的动词，变成被动语态（即宾语变主语）时，必须补上 to。 主动：I saw him cross the street. 被动：He was seen to cross the street. C.可带可不带 to 的情况 动词 help 后的不定式作宾补，to 可以省略。 He often helps me (to) clean the room. 二、30道中考习题精练 （一）基础与结构 (1-10题) 1. My mother encourages me ______ in the sports meeting. A. join B. joining C. to join (encourage sb. to do sth. 固定搭配) D. joined 2. — What are you going to do, Jane? — Oh, my mother asks me ______ some food for supper. A. buy B. to buy C. buys D. buying 3. The teacher always tells us ______ loudly in the library. A. not speak B. not to speak C. to not speak D. don‘t speak 4. Could you make her ______ shouting? We are having a meeting. A. stop B. stops C. stopped D. to stop 5. — Will you come to the movie with us tonight? — I‘m glad to, but my mother makes me ______ my clothes first. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. washed 6. I saw a little boy ______ an old woman cross the street yesterday. It was so warm. A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 7. They made him ______ the manager of the company. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 8. Da Ming likes to tell jokes and always makes people l______. (laugh) 9. The teacher asked us ______ (compare) our answers with hers. 10. Last Sunday, my father drove us ______ (help) farmers pick apples. （二）综合与易错点 (11-20题) 1. — The movie is wonderful. Do you feel like ______ it tonight? — I‘d love to, but my parents won‘t let me ______ out too late. A. watching; to stay B. to watch; stay C. watching; stay D. to watch; to stay 2. They won‘t allow us ______ (enter) the building without permission. 3. We often hear her ______ (sing) this English song in the next room. 4. The boy was seen ______ (run) away from the scene of the accident. 5. 老师提醒凯特上课不要睡觉。 The teacher warned Kate ______ in class. 6. 让机器人像人一样思考是困难的。 It‘s difficult ______ the robot ______ like a human. 7. 要使梦想实现是不容易的。 It‘s not easy ______ dreams ______. 8. 画思维导图能帮助我们把历史学好。 Drawing mind maps can help us ______ history well. 9. 兴趣与欢笑能帮助学生远离苦恼。 Hobbies and laughter can help the students ______ from worries. 10. I‘d like to ask you ______ (not make) so much noise. （三）提升与辨析 (21-30题) 1. Could you help me ______ (carry) this heavy box upstairs? 2. Parents should teach their children ______ (be) honest from a young age. 3. The police told the crowd ______ (move) back for safety. 4. I noticed someone ______ (take) my umbrella by mistake just now. A. take B. to take C. took D. take 5. The librarian invited all readers ______ (put) books back after reading. 6. His words made everyone in the room ______ (feel) uncomfortable. 7. We expect the new policy ______ (bring) positive changes. A. to bring B. bring C. bringing D. brought 8. The cold weather caused the pipes ______ (freeze). 9. She advised me ______ (think) twice before making the decision. 10. The coach had the players ______ (run) ten laps around the field as training. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $