专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） - 【甘肃省中职升学考试】五年（2020-2024）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【甘肃省中职升学考试】五年（2020-2024）英语真题分类汇编 专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2024年 1. When he came back to the room, he ________ and hit his head on the wall. A. slip B. slipped C. was slipped D. slips 2. It ________ fine yesterday and there ________ many children in the park. A. was; was B. is; are C. was; were D. is; were 2023年 1. An English speech ________ by Mr. Wang next Monday. A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given 2.—________ Kate do her homework last night? —No, she ________. A. Did; didn’t B. Did; did C. Does; doesn’t D. Was; wasn’t 3. —How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For about two weeks. A. did, borrow B. have, borrowed C. do, keep D. have, kept 2022年 1. —________ Mary here last night? —No, she ________. A. Is; isn’t B. Was; isn’t C. Was; wasn’t D. Did; didn’t 2. Ms. White ________ the student waiting for one hour. He ________ for her since eight. A. has kept; waited B. kept; waited C has kept; has been waiting D. has kept; had waited 2021年 1. The little cat ________ under the car yesterday. A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded 2020年 1. There ________ an English lecture on listening next Saturday afternoon. A. will be B. will are C. is going to have D. is going to has 考向02 非谓语动词 2024年 1. ________ the dirty clothes, the little boy hung them up in the yard. A. Was washed B. Washed C. Were washed D. Having washed 2. I’m reading a book ________ by Lao She. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 2023年 1. They are looking forward to ________ computer games on weekends. A. play B. played C. playing D. plays 2022年 1. Your room is so dirty. It needs ________. A. to be cleaned B. to be cleaning C. clean D. cleaned 2. Oh, thank you for ________ me ________ the work. A. remind; of B. reminding; of C. remind; with D. reminding; with 3. I heard one of my co-workers ________ in the next office when I passed by just now. A. singing B. sung C. to sing D. sing 4. My mother encouraged me ________. A. not to give up B. to not give up C. not give up D. give up 2020年 1. The workers spent five years ________ this new country road. A. to build B. build C. building D. built 考向03 情态动词 2024年 1. A: ________ John clean the meeting room? B:I’m sorry, he________. A Can; can B. Can; can’t C. Can’t; can D. Can; does ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【甘肃省中职升学考试】五年（2020-2024）英语真题分类汇编 专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2024年 1. When he came back to the room, he ________ and hit his head on the wall. A. slip B. slipped C. was slipped D. slips 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当他回到房间时，他滑倒了，头撞到了墙上。根据“he ... and hit his head on the wall.”可知，句子为一般过去时，此处应用动词的过去式与“hit (撞击)”构成并列的谓语，且“he”与选项中的动词“slip (滑到)”是主动关系，所以应用过去式slipped。故选B。 2. It ________ fine yesterday and there ________ many children in the park. A. was; was B. is; are C. was; were D. is; were 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：昨天天气不错，公园里有很多孩子。根据“yesterday (昨天)”可知，该句的时态应为一般过去时，即动词用过去式；前半句主语是it，指天气，be动词应用单数was；后半句是there be句型，主语为复数名词“children (孩子们)”，此处be动词应用复数were。故选C。 2023年 1. An English speech ________ by Mr. Wang next Monday. A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：下周一王先生将作一场英语演讲。根据时间状语next Monday可知，句子用一般将来时；主语speech和谓语动词give是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态will be given。故选D。 2.—________ Kate do her homework last night? —No, she ________. A. Did; didn’t B. Did; did C. Does; doesn’t D. Was; wasn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：—Kate昨晚写作业了吗？—不，她没写。根据last night可知，该句用一般过去时，问句是一般疑问句，用助动词Did；答句是否定回答，应答No, she didn’t。故选A。 3. —How long ________ you ________ this dictionary? —For about two weeks. A. did, borrow B. have, borrowed C. do, keep D. have, kept 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：—这本字典你借了多久了？—大约两个星期了。根据“For about two weeks”可知，问句描述的是在一段时间内存在的状态，要用现在完成时，并且动词要用延续性动词，borrow为瞬间性动词，须转化成其延续性形式keep。根据现在完成时的结构：have / has +过去分词，此处用have kept。故选D。 2022年 1. —________ Mary here last night? —No, she ________. A. Is; isn’t B. Was; isn’t C. Was; wasn’t D. Did; didn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去时和系动词。句意：—玛丽昨晚在这吗？—不，她不在。根据“last night”可知，这是一般过去时的时间状语，故时态用一般过去时，根据“Mary here last night”可知是主系表结构，故用系动词“was”，否定回答时态人称系动词都一致，故否定回答用“No, she wasn’t”。故选C。 2. Ms. White ________ the student waiting for one hour. He ________ for her since eight. A. has kept; waited B. kept; waited C has kept; has been waiting D. has kept; had waited 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：怀特女士让学生等了一个小时。他从八点开始就在等她。 “for one hour”是一段时间，强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，所以要用现在完成时，其现在完成时的结构是“has/have+过去分词”，所以第一个空应填“has kept”；而“since eight”指从八点开始持续至现在，还有可能持续下去，所以应该用现在完成进行时has been waiting。故选C。 2021年 1. The little cat ________ under the car yesterday. A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：昨天在汽车下面发现了一只小猫。根据时间状语“yesterday (昨天)”可知，此句的时态是一般过去时；句子的主语“cat (猫)”和谓语动词“find (发现，找到)”之间构成被动关系，要用被动语态（be+动词过去分词）；“find (找到)”的过去分词词形是“found”。综上所述，此句要用一般过去时的被动语态“was found (被找到)”。故选A。 2020年 1. There ________ an English lecture on listening next Saturday afternoon. A. will be B. will are C. is going to have D. is going to has 【答案】A 【详解】考查there be句型的一般将来时。句意：下周六下午将有一场关于听力的英语讲座。根据“next Saturday afternoon”可知，这是将来的时间，故用一般将来时；“there be”句型的将来时有“there will be”和“there is/are going to be”两种结构。故选A。 考向02 非谓语动词 2024年 1. ________ the dirty clothes, the little boy hung them up in the yard. A. Was washed B. Washed C. Were washed D. Having washed 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：小男孩洗完脏衣服后，把它们挂在了院子里。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语“the little boy”与动词“wash”之间是主动关系，且“wash”发生在句子谓语动作“hung”之前，所以此处应用现在分词的完成式，即Having washed，作时间状语。故选D。 2. I’m reading a book ________ by Lao She. A. write B. to write C. writing D. written 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：我正在读一本老舍写的书。分析句子结构可知，句子不缺谓语动词；“book”与“write”之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词“written”作后置定语，修饰“book”，是指由老舍写的一本书。故选D。 2023年 1. They are looking forward to ________ computer games on weekends. A. play B. played C. playing D. plays 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们期盼着周末能玩电脑游戏。动词短语look forward to doing sth.意为“盼望做某事”。故选C。 2022年 1. Your room is so dirty. It needs ________. A. to be cleaned B. to be cleaning C. clean D. cleaned 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的房间太脏了。它需要清洁。分析句子可知，“It”指代“Your room”，房间是“被打扫”的对象，也就是“clean”这个动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态，所以是“need doing sth./need to be done”结构，表示“某事需要被做”。故选A。 2. Oh, thank you for ________ me ________ the work. A. remind; of B. reminding; of C. remind; with D. reminding; with 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词作宾语和动词短语。句意：哦，谢谢你提醒我这项工作。of关于；with用。第一空前的for“因为”为介词，后要接动名词作宾语，故第一空用reminding；短语remind sb. of sth.，意为“提醒某人某事”，符合语境，故第二空用of。故选B。 3. I heard one of my co-workers ________ in the next office when I passed by just now. A. singing B. sung C. to sing D. sing 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我听到我的一位同事在隔壁办公室唱歌。hear sb. do sth.表示听到某人做某事的全过程；hear sb. doing sth.表示听到某人正在做某事，强调在某个时刻听到动作正在进行当中。根据“when I passed by just now.”可知，此处指的是正在进行的动作，故用singing。故选A。 4. My mother encouraged me ________. A. not to give up B. to not give up C. not give up D. give up 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式的否定形式。句意：我的母亲鼓励我不要放弃。encourage sb to do sth：鼓励某人做某事，根据常识可知，父母都鼓励孩子不要放弃，故用“encourage sb not to do sth”表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”，故用不定式的否定形式。故选A。 2020年 1. The workers spent five years ________ this new country road. A. to build B. build C. building D. built 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工人们花了五年时间修建这条新的乡村公路。此处考查固定搭配，spend time/money doing sth. 意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”。故选C项。 考向03 情态动词 2024年 1. A: ________ John clean the meeting room? B:I’m sorry, he________. A Can; can B. Can; can’t C. Can’t; can D. Can; does 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：A：约翰可以打扫会议室吗？B：我很抱歉，他不能。分析句子可知，第一空考查情态动词表征询许可，要用情态动词can，回答也需用can的相应形式；根据“I’m sorry”可知，是否定回答，第二空要用can’t。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $