专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） - 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2025年 1. She has lived here since she ________ a teacher. A. became B. become C. has become D. have become 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。她自从当老师就一直住在这里。since引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。become的过去式是became，故选A。 2. — This is the fourth time you ________for school. — I’m sorry, teacher. A. was late B. were late C. are late D. have been late 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：——这是你第四次上学迟到了。——对不起，老师。根据“this is the fourth time”可知，从句要用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），“have been late”符合语境。故选D。 3. She ________ asleep when the phone rang. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：当电话响的时候，她在睡觉。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句描述过去某个时刻存在的状态，用一般过去时。故选B。 4. She is the only one of the girls who ________ ever been there. A. is B. are C. has D. have 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致及现在完成时。句意：她是那些女孩中唯一去过那里的。分析句子可知“who ... ever been there”是定语从句，先行词是“the only one”，从句的谓语动词用单数形式；根据“ever been”可知，此句是完成时结构，需用has。故选C。 2024年 1. It is the second time I . A . failed B . fail C . have failed D . has failed 答案：C 解析：“It is the second time + that从句”，从句要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是I，所以用have failed。 2.I miss my parents very much . They the hometown for two years . A . left B . have left C . were away from D . have been away from 答案：D 解析：“for two years”表示一段时间，要与延续性动词连用，leave是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，be away from是延续性动词短语，可以与一段时间连用，且根据语境用现在完成时，所以选D。 3. It has been three weeks since his father for Italy . A . leaves B . left C . leaving D . has left 答案：B 解析：“It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时的句子”是固定句型，“since”引导的从句用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。“leaves”是一般现在时；“leaving”是动名词；“has left”是现在完成时，均不符合句型要求，所以选B。 2023年 1. Jim won’t catch the train in time, unless he ________ a taxi. A. will take B. take C. takes D. taking 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态及条件状语从句。句意：吉姆不能及时赶上火车，除非他乘出租车。分析句子结构可知，“unless he ... a taxi”是作状语，在条件状语从句中，时态通常遵循“主将从现”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。在本句中，主句“won’t catch”是一般将来时，故从句用一般现在时，从句中主语是he，谓语用第三人称单数，take的第三人称单数形式是takes。故选C。 2022年 1.The professor and writer at the meeting . A . is speaking B . are speaking C . has speaking D . have speaking 答案：A. 解析：“the professor and writer” 指同一个人（教授兼作家），若指两人需用 “the professor and the writer”。因此谓语动词用单数（is speaking）。 2. While Mary this morning , her mother came back . A . was cooking B . is cooking C . has cooked D . has been cooking 答案：A. 解析：while 引导的时间状语从句强调 “过去某时正在进行的动作”，用过去进行时（was/were + V-ing）。主句 “her mother came back” 是一般过去时，表示 “做饭时妈妈回来了”。 3. The teacher , together with his two sons , here for ten years . A . have lived B . has lived C . live D . living 答案：B 解析：“together with his two sons” 是伴随状语，句子的主语是 “The teacher”，是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。根据 “for ten years” 可知用现在完成时，其结构是 “have/has + 过去分词”，所以选 B。 2021年 1. Jack got higher scores in the final exam than ________. A. Tom did B. Tom has C. Tom does D. Tom gets 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：杰克在期末考试中得的分数比汤姆高。根据“got”可知，句子用的是过去时态，所以比较状语从句中也用用过去时，前后时态相呼应。故选A。 2. Mr. Smith said that he ________ to the supermarket before going home. A will go B. have gone C. would go D. is going to 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生说他在回家之前会去超市。分析句子结构可知，that引导的是宾语从句。从句的时态要与主句的时态相呼应。主句的动词是过去式said。因此从句也要用过去时的一种。故选C。 3. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. had begun D. began 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：快点！快点！这场戏剧已经开始十分钟了。分析句子可知，根据“for ten minutes”可知，此处为一段时间的时间状语，体现从过去持续到现在的状态，所以句中时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，且要求句子中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，“begin”是短暂性动词，其延续性短语为“be on”，意为“上演”，主语为“The play”为单数形式，所以用“has”，即“has been on”。故选B。 4. She said she ________ to Paris. A. had never been B. has never been C. had never gone D. has never gone 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和have been to与have gone to的区别。句意：她说她从来没去过巴黎。“have been to”表示“去过某地”；“have gone to”表示“去了某地（还未回来）”。根据never可知，此处表示“没有去过巴黎”，用have been to。“说”是过去时，“从未去过”在“说”之前，用过去完成时“had never been”。故选A。 考向02 非谓语动词 2025年 1. The boys of our class enjoy ______ football after school. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们班的男生放学后喜欢踢足球。“enjoy doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“喜欢做某事”。故选B。 2. After half an hour I stopped ________ my homework ________ TV. A. doing; watching B. to do; to watch C. doing; to watch D. to do; watching 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：半小时后，我停止做作业去看电视了。stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”；stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”。根据句意可知，半小时后，我停下写作业去看电视了，“写作业”是正在做的，应用doing，“看电视”是要去做的，应用to watch。故选C。 3. _________makes me feel young. A. Sing B. Singing C. Sang D. Sung 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。唱歌使她感觉年轻。分析句子成分可知，句子缺少主语，动词作主语时需用动名词形式。sing的动名词是singing。故选B。 2024年 1. The girl the speech was full of confidence . A . giving B . give C . gave D . given 答案：A 解析：“giving the speech” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the girl”，表示 “正在做演讲的女孩”，相当于一个定语从句 “who was giving the speech”。现在分词作定语时，与被修饰的名词之间存在主动关系，即女孩是 “give the speech” 这个动作的执行者。B 选项 “give” 是动词原形，不能直接作定语；C 选项 “gave” 是 give 的过去式，也不能作定语；D 选项 “given” 是 give 的过去分词，作定语时表示被动关系，不符合题意，因为女孩与演讲之间是主动关系。所以本题选 A。 2." Only it knows ," she said , at the dark screen . A . pointing B . point C . pointed D . to point 答案：A 解析：句子的谓语动词是“said”，“point”和“she”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。“pointing at the dark screen”表示“指着黑屏”，所以选A。B选项“point”是动词原形；C选项“pointed”是过去分词表被动；D选项“to point”是动词不定式表目的，均不符合语境。 3. After some books from the library , she went home . A . borrow B . borrowed C . borrowing D . to borrow 答案：C 解析： “After”是介词，介词后接动词时要用动名词形式，“borrow”的动名词是“borrowing”。 “After borrowing some books from the library”表示“从图书馆借了一些书之后”，所以选C。 2023年 1. He enjoys ________ time with his friends on the weekend. A. spend B. to spend C. spends D. spending 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他喜欢在周末和朋友们共度时光。根据固定结构“enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事”可知，此处用动名词作宾语。故选D。 2. For Chinese, ________ is important during a festival. A. family get together B. family gets together C. family got together D. family getting together 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于中国人来说，节日期间家人团聚非常重要。根据“For Chinese, ... is important during a festival.”可知，is前缺主语，故应用动名词短语作主语。故选D。 3. I know I should practice ________ every day, but I don’t feel like ________today. A. to dance, to dance B. to dance, dancing C. dancing, dancing D. dancing, to dance 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我知道我应该每天练习跳舞，但是我今天不想跳舞。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词分别为“practice”和“feel like”，根据固定结构“practice doing sth.练习做某事，feel like doing sth.想要做某事”可知，此处用动名词作宾语。故选C。 4. I had my hair ________ yesterday because it was too long. A. cutting B. to cut C. cuts D. cut 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我昨天把头发剪了，因为它太长了。根据短语：have sth. done让某物被，此处用cut，cut的过去分词形式也是cut。故选D。 5. Sometimes they make their son ________ things that he doesn’t want to do. A do B. to do C. does D. done 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时他们会让儿子做一些他不愿意的事情。动词短语make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。故选A。 2022年 1. Tom didn’t mind at all to Henry’s birthday party . A . not being invited B . not inviting C . being not invited D . not to be invited 答案：A. not being invited 解析：mind 后接动名词（V-ing），其否定形式为 not + V-ing。 Tom 是 “被邀请”，需用被动语态 being invited，因此正确形式为 “not being invited”。 2.The woman a blue dress was a nurse . A . wearing B . wear C . wore D . worn 答案：A. wearing 解析：wearing a blue dress 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 woman，表示 “穿着蓝色连衣裙的女人”。B（wear）是动词原形，C（wore）是过去式，D（worn）是过去分词，均不能直接作定语。 3. their work , they went to have lunch . A . Finish B . Finished C . Have finished D . Having finished 答案：D 解析：这里用现在分词的完成式 “Having finished” 作状语，表示动作 “完成工作” 发生在 “went to have lunch” 之前，且句子主语 “they” 与 “finish” 是主动关系。A 选项是动词原形，不能作状语；B 选项是过去分词，表被动或完成，不符合这里的主动关系；C 选项是谓语动词形式，不能作状语，所以选 D。 4.He stood behind the tree to avoid by others . A . seeing B . to see C . to be seen D . being seen 答案：D 解析：“avoid doing sth.” 是固定用法，意为 “避免做某事”，且 “he” 与 “see” 是被动关系，即 “被别人看见”，所以用 “being seen”，选 D。 2021年 1. ________ the news, they all jumped with joy. A. To hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Hear 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听到消息后，他们都高兴得跳了起来。根据“… the news, they all jumped with joy.”可知，空处应用非谓语动词，且“they”和“hear”是主动关系，所以此处用hear的现在分词形式hearing，在句中作伴随状语。故选C。 2. I saw him ________ a car. A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. repairs 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我看见他正在修理一辆车。分析句子可知，此句为简单句，句子的谓语动词为“saw”，所以此空为非谓语动词形式，“see sb doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看到的动作正在发生，此句表达“我看见他正在修车”，且与“him”是主动关系，所以用“repairing”。故选B。 3. I was late to ________ him ________ and couldn’t ________ him. A. pick; up; find B. picking; up; find C. pick; up; found D. picked; up; find 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词和情态动词。句意：我去接他晚了，没能找到他。分子句子可知，第一空处“to” 是不定式符号，后接动词原形，“pick sb up”是固定短语，意为“接载某人”，所以用“pick”；第二空处“up”和“pick”构成“pick up”；第三空处“couldn’t”是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以用“find”。故选A。 4. It is necessary _________ an umbrella today. A. bring B. to bring C. brought D. brings 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天有必要带伞。分析句子可知，此处是“it is+形容词+to do sth.”结构，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以是to bring。故选B。 考向03 情态动词 2025年 1. You ________ be careful. Otherwise you’ll fall down. A. may B. will C. must D. can 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你必须小心。否则你将跌倒。A. may 可能；B. will将要；C. must 必须（表强烈建议、命令）；D. can能够。根据“Otherwise you’ll fall down (否则你会摔倒)”的语境，可知是提醒“必须小心”。故选C。 2024年 1.I use a clock to wake me up because the train comes by my house at six o’clock each morning . A . couldn’t B . mustn’t C . shouldn’t D . needn’t 答案：D 解析： “couldn't”意为“不能”； “mustn't”意为“禁止”； “shouldn't”意为“不应该”； “needn't”意为“不必”。句意为“我不必用闹钟叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点火车会经过我家”，所以选D。 2. you succeed in the future ! A . Should B . Can C . Must D . May 答案：D 解析：“May you...”表示“祝你……”，“May you succeed in the future!”意为“祝你将来成功！”。“Should”意为“应该”；“Can”意为“能；可以”；“Must”意为“必须”，均不符合语境，所以选D。 2023年 1. ________you start now ? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Ought 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你现在可以开始吗？A. May可以（征求对方许可时，主要用于第一人称）；B. Will 将会（征求对方许可时，主要用于第二人称you）；C. Shall 将要（征求对方许可时，主要用于第一人称）；D. Ought 应该（常和to搭配使用）。题目意思是征求对方许可，且主语是第二人称you。故选B项。 2. We ________ arrive at ten, but because of the traffic, we ________ be a little late. A. will, may B. should, may C. may, will D. may, should 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们应该十点钟到，但由于交通原因，我们可能会晚一点到。will将要；may可能；should应该。分析句子结构可知，本句用but表示转折，前面是说，应该十点到的，应该用“should”，but后面句子是说可能会晚一点，用may表示不确定。故选B。 2022年 1.—— Must I take a bus ? —— No , you . You can walk there . A . mustn’t B . may not C . don’t have to D . don’t 答案：C 解析：以 “Must” 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用 “needn't” 或 “don't have to”，表示 “不必”。mustn't 表示 “禁止”；may not 表示 “可能不”；don't 不能单独用于回答 must 开头的问句，所以选 C。 2021年 1. You _______ get down the bus until the bus has stopped. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型以及情态动词。句意：在公交车停下来之前你一定不要下车。A. mustn’t一定不要，禁止；B. can’t不能，不要；C. don’t不；D. needn’t不必。根据句子结构可知，本句用了固定句型“not...until ...”，意为“直到……才……”；再根据句意，“在公交车停下来之前你一定不要下车”，四个选项中，“mustn’t”语气最强，表要求或命令，意为“ 一定不要”。故选A。 2. The family members would ________ around their parents ________ the Spring Festival happily. A. get together; celebrate B. getting together; to celebrate C. to get together; celebrate D. get together; to celebrate 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词和动词不定式作目的状语。句意：家庭成员会聚在父母身边，快乐地庆祝春节。第一空，“would” 后应接动词原形，所以用get together；第二空，分析句子结构及选项可知，此处表目的，应该用动词不定式。故选D。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题04 单项选择（动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词和情态动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握非谓语动词和情态动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态和语态 2025年 1. She has lived here since she ________ a teacher. A. became B. become C. has become D. have become 2. — This is the fourth time you ________for school. — I’m sorry, teacher. A. was late B. were late C. are late D. have been late 3. She ________ asleep when the phone rang. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 4. She is the only one of the girls who ________ ever been there. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2024年 1. It is the second time I . A . failed B . fail C . have failed D . has failed 2.I miss my parents very much . They the hometown for two years . A . left B . have left C . were away from D . have been away from 3. It has been three weeks since his father for Italy . A . leaves B . left C . leaving D . has left 2023年 1. Jim won’t catch the train in time, unless he ________ a taxi. A. will take B. take C. takes D. taking 2022年 1.The professor and writer at the meeting . A . is speaking B . are speaking C . has speaking D . have speaking 2. While Mary this morning , her mother came back . A . was cooking B . is cooking C . has cooked D . has been cooking 3. The teacher , together with his two sons , here for ten years . A . have lived B . has lived C . live D . living 2021年 1. Jack got higher scores in the final exam than ________. A. Tom did B. Tom has C. Tom does D. Tom gets 2. Mr. Smith said that he ________ to the supermarket before going home. A will go B. have gone C. would go D. is going to 3. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. had begun D. began 4. She said she ________ to Paris. A. had never been B. has never been C. had never gone D. has never gone 考向02 非谓语动词 2025年 1. The boys of our class enjoy ______ football after school. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 2. After half an hour I stopped ________ my homework ________ TV. A. doing; watching B. to do; to watch C. doing; to watch D. to do; watching 3. _________makes me feel young. A. Sing B. Singing C. Sang D. Sung 2024年 1. The girl the speech was full of confidence . A . giving B . give C . gave D . given 2." Only it knows ," she said , at the dark screen . A . pointing B . point C . pointed D . to point 3. After some books from the library , she went home . A . borrow B . borrowed C . borrowing D . to borrow 2023年 1. He enjoys ________ time with his friends on the weekend. A. spend B. to spend C. spends D. spending 2. For Chinese, ________ is important during a festival. A. family get together B. family gets together C. family got together D. family getting together 3. I know I should practice ________ every day, but I don’t feel like ________today. A. to dance, to dance B. to dance, dancing C. dancing, dancing D. dancing, to dance 4. I had my hair ________ yesterday because it was too long. A. cutting B. to cut C. cuts D. cut 5. Sometimes they make their son ________ things that he doesn’t want to do. A do B. to do C. does D. done 2022年 1. Tom didn’t mind at all to Henry’s birthday party . A . not being invited B . not inviting C . being not invited D . not to be invited 2.The woman a blue dress was a nurse . A . wearing B . wear C . wore D . worn 3. their work , they went to have lunch . A . Finish B . Finished C . Have finished D . Having finished 4.He stood behind the tree to avoid by others . A . seeing B . to see C . to be seen D . being seen 2021年 1. ________ the news, they all jumped with joy. A. To hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Hear 2. I saw him ________ a car. A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. repairs 3. I was late to ________ him ________ and couldn’t ________ him. A. pick; up; find B. picking; up; find C. pick; up; found D. picked; up; find 4. It is necessary _________ an umbrella today. A. bring B. to bring C. brought D. brings 考向03 情态动词 2025年 1. You ________ be careful. Otherwise you’ll fall down. A. may B. will C. must D. can 2024年 1.I use a clock to wake me up because the train comes by my house at six o’clock each morning . A . couldn’t B . mustn’t C . shouldn’t D . needn’t 2. you succeed in the future ! A . Should B . Can C . Must D . May 2023年 1. ________you start now ? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Ought 2. We ________ arrive at ten, but because of the traffic, we ________ be a little late. A. will, may B. should, may C. may, will D. may, should 2022年 1.—— Must I take a bus ? —— No , you . You can walk there . A . mustn’t B . may not C . don’t have to D . don’t 2021年 1. You _______ get down the bus until the bus has stopped. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t 2. The family members would ________ around their parents ________ the Spring Festival happily. A. get together; celebrate B. getting together; to celebrate C. to get together; celebrate D. get together; to celebrate ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $