Unit 1 Laugh out loud！外刊撷英-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用课件(外研版)

Casimir Funk: The Scientist Who Gave Us the Word “Vitamin” Adapted from New Scientist 202402 Casimir Funk, the Polish biochemist① who coined the term② “vitamins” for the vital class of molecules that help keep us alive, is the subject of today's doodle③ of a website. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 There have been theories of how food affects④ health for millennia. In ancient Greece and Rome, early physicians⑤ invented “humoral (体液的)” theory, which stated⑥ that foods must have the right balance of wet, dry, hot and cold to keep the body's four essential humours—fire, earth, blood and phlegm—in check⑦. Much later, physicians made more distinct⑧ associations, such as the observation that consuming citrus (柑橘类) fruits like lemons helped to prevent the disease scurvy (坏血病) in sailors on long voyages⑨. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 In the late 19th century, scientists were trying to figure out⑩ the cause of the disease beriberi (脚气病), which can affect a person's nervous or cardiovascular (心血管的) system and is today known as vitamin B1 deficiency. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman published a study based on experiments in chickens, proposing⑪ that diets containing brown rice were protective against beriberi, compared with those consisting of⑫ only white rice. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 Casimir Funk read Eijkman's paper and set himself the task of finding the chemical compound⑬ that gave brown rice its protective properties. In 1912, Funk managed to isolate⑭ a chemical that he thought was responsible⑮ and found it contained a characteristic nitrogen (氮) compound called an amine (胺), so he named it a vital amine, or vitamine. When scientists eventually⑯ realised that vitamins didn't necessarily need to contain an amine group, they dropped the final “e”． 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 Funk suggested that similar⑰ compounds might exist for many other “deficiency diseases”， as he called them, writing: “We will speak of a beriberi and scurvy vitamine, which means a substance⑱ preventing that special disease.” Funk also correctly suggested that vitamins existed that prevented the diseases pellagra (糙皮病) and rickets (佝偻病). 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 The compound that Funk isolated and dubbed (把……戏称为) an “anti beriberi factor” was what we now call vitamin B3, which doesn't actually prevent beriberi. Two years earlier than that, Japanese scientist Umetaro Suzuki isolated vitamin B1 from brown rice and correctly identified⑲ its role in preventing beriberi. However, his work was published in a Japanese journal and the first Western translation, in German, failed to note⑳ that it was a new discovery. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 In the 35 years after Funk's initial㉑ finding, scientists discovered the rest of the vitamins, which number 13 in total, including eight kinds of vitamin B and vitamins A, C, D, E and K. Funk continued working with vitamins, and for pharmaceutical (制药的) companies, for the rest of his career. He produced the first widely used vitamin concentrate㉒ in the US, called OSCODAL, which contains liquid vitamin A and D． 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 While vitamins are recognised as㉓ helping to prevent certain diseases, their use as supplements㉔ is still debated by scientists. A recent meta-analysis found there isn't good evidence㉕ that supplements and vitamins protect against cancer or heart disease for most people. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 ①biochemist n．生物化学家 ②term n．术语 ③doodle n．涂鸦 ④affect v．影响 ⑤physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生 ⑥state v．陈述；说明 ⑦in check在控制中 ⑧distinct adj.清晰的；明显的 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 ⑨voyage n．航行 ⑩figure out弄清楚；搞明白 ⑪propose v．提出 ⑫consist of含有；包含 ⑬compound n．化合物；复合物 ⑭isolate v．分离 ⑮responsible adj.负责任的；起作用的 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 ⑯eventually adv.最终 ⑰similar adj.相似的 ⑱substance n．物质 ⑲identify v．确认 ⑳note v．注意到；留意 ㉑initial adj.最初的 ㉒concentrate n．浓缩物 ㉓be recognised as被公认为 ㉔supplement n．补充(物) ㉕evidence n．证据 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 coined　 physicians　 affects which consuming　 voyages　 to figure based responsible　 are recognised 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 1．coin v.　　　 A．to include or hold 2．essential adj. B．to invent a new word or phrase 3．deficiency n. C．the state of not having, or not having enough of sth. important 4．contain v. D．completely necessary or extremely important 5．property n. E．to leave sb./sth. out by accident or deliberately　 6．drop v. F．a quality or characteristic that sth. has 答案：1～5.BDCAF　6.E 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 Who do you respect in your daily life? Why? One possible version： As for the most respectable person in my daily life, my best friend, Li Hua is the first to come to my mind. A 17-year-old teenager currently studying in my class, he is greatly fond of reading, and always ready to help other people. What impresses me most is his ability to get along well with all our classmates, hence enjoying a harmonious interpersonal relationship. 下一页 上一页 外刊撷英 $